How Petra Was Built
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How Petra Was Built
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Author : Shaher Moh'd Ahmad Rababeh
language : en
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
Release Date : 2005
How Petra Was Built written by Shaher Moh'd Ahmad Rababeh and has been published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
Until now, no study has been made of the construction techniques of the Nabataean freestanding buildings and the rock-cut monuments of Petra, Jordan (built from the 1st cent. BC to the 2nd cent. AD). Their technical features were documented by fieldwork,and this evidence was then analysed to determine precisely when and why these features appeared or evolved. This leads to explaining how the Nabataeans developed their architecture, and what types of construction techniques they used to bring Petra's architecture to its peak. The historical and geographical context for the architecture of Petra is presented, with a summary of previous scholarship on the site. The focus moves to the building materials used by the Nabataeans which are found toinfluence the construction techniques they developed. This is followed by a detailed discussion of quarrying and the rock-cut techniques. The procedures for dressing ashlar blocks and the facades of the rock-cut monuments are analysed to determine the tools used by the builders, as well as the lifting devices necessary for construction of the freestanding buildings. The technical aspects of the construction of walls, columns, floors, the anti-seismic and stabilising techniques developed by theNabataeans are considered. Finally, the construction of roofs is examined in detail. The results of the study reveal the sources of the building techniques used at Petra and why they were further developed there.THREE REVIEWS OF HOW PETRA WAS BUILT:J. J. Coulton, Formerly Reader in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford. "Using his practical experience as an architect as well as extensive and detailed fieldwork, Dr Rababeh has provided an illuminating analysis of Nabataean buildings, showing how they drew on, and modified, previous Levantine and Hellenistic methods to suit local materials and local requirements." Judith McKenzie, author of The Architecture of Petra: "Other books cover the architectural styles of the monuments of Petra. Shaher er-Rababeh's is the first to focus on the subject of how they were built, both the rock-cut tombs and the freestanding buildings. He methodically presents the results of months of first-hand examination of the evidence. Each aspect of building construction is analysed making wide-ranging use of recent scholarship on ancient building techniques. Just as the Nabataeans made their desert environment habitable with complex water-collection systems, they refined local, Egyptian, Greek and Roman construction techniques to suit the city's rose red sandstone and other available building materials. Rababeh shows the Nabataean construction techniques were just as distinctive in their details as the style of their architecture - which they created from classical Alexandrian andNear Eastern elements. He makes interesting discoveries. The stone cut awaywhen the tombs were carved was used to erect the city's freestanding buildings.Rababeh shows how Petra has the earliest extensive examples of timber used tostrengthen stone masonry buildings, as later seen on the Ka'ba at Mekka."Ehud Netzer, author of Nabataeische Architektur: "This comprehensive study of the building systems in the Nabataean world is a pioneering work. It deals with all aspects from wall foundations to roof tiles; simple constructions and monumental ones; freestanding buildings and monuments cut into the rock. Shaher's new book widens our knowledge of the enchanted world of Nabataean architecture."
Petra The History Of Jordan S Rose City
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Author : History Titans
language : en
Publisher: Creek Ridge Publishing
Release Date : 2021-08-18
Petra The History Of Jordan S Rose City written by History Titans and has been published by Creek Ridge Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-18 with History categories.
While Petra’s fame might often come second to things like the Egyptian pyramids at Giza, ancient Greece, or the Great Wall of China, you can now see that the Rose City certainly deserves its place under the Sun as one of the most precious jewels of our collective, human heritage. Petra surely has a surplus of beauty and other kinds of visual appeal, but you can now see that this is only half of the picture. Our world is filled to the brim with such wonders, bestowed upon us by countless different cultures from every corner of the planet. Some are older or more renowned than others, but all remnants of civilizations of the past have one thing in common: they tell us invaluable stories. These are stories of lives led by people who seem infinitely distant from our perspective but might have as well lived yesterday as far as the grand scheme of time is concerned. They might have had a different outlook and daily life, but the essence of humanity remains fundamentally unchanged.
Petra
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-01-24
Petra written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-24 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes contemporary descriptions of Petra *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents "Petra, O Leeds, is the most wonderful place in the world, not for the sake of its ruins, which are quite a secondary affair, but for the colour of its rocks, all red and black and gray with streaks of green and blue, in little wriggly lines...and for the shape of its cliffs and crags and pinnacles, and for the wonderful gorge it has, always running deep in spring-water, full of oleanders, and ivy and ferns, and only just wide enough for a camel at a time, and a couple of miles long. But I have read hosts of the most beautifully written accounts of it, and they give one no idea of it at all...so you will never know what Petra is like, unless you come out here... Only be assured that till you have seen it you have not had the glimmering of an idea how beautiful a place can be." - A letter from T.E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia") to his childhood friend E.T. Leeds in February, 1914. When the European armies of the Third Crusade were defeated at the Battle of Hattin in 1187 CE, the region of what is today southern Jordan was overrun by Saladin's armies, and over the following five centuries knowledge of Petra's existence was lost to the people of Europe. The ancient city and center of civilization hidden in the desert became a myth, drawn largely upon Biblical accounts of the people and places in the Holy Land. However, during the Enlightenment of the early 18th century, interesting new theories emerged, and there grew a desire to rediscover the rose-red city. It was within this context that the Swiss-born explorer and orientalist Johann Ludwig Burckhardt became the known as the first European to "discover" Petra. Disguised as an Arab, he convinced a local guide to navigate him through the innumerable dangers of the Wadi Araba desert in pursuit of the rumored tomb of Aaron and a timeless city hidden in the hills. On Saturday, August 22nd, 1812, he ascended the high hills of southern Jordan and was led down a deep ravine, which twisted and turned through until a splendid sight was revealed before him: a secret valley filled with ruins and the dark holes of rock-cut tombs. Although his disguise had brought him that far, it also prevented him from being able to fully study the ruins or make copies of what he saw there. After spending only a day exploring the valley, his guide had grown suspicious, so he was forced to move on across the Sinai Peninsula, eventually arriving at Cairo on September 4th. This expedition marked the beginnings of everything that is known about this ancient and mysterious site. Further expeditions and archaeological investigations over the following two centuries have considerably broadened knowledge about Petra's past, and the ruined Rose City is now an archaeological landscape that has been made famous as a UNESCO World Heritage site, a "new" wonder of the world, and as the repository of the Holy Grail in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Yet, despite its fame, many people do not know about the religious beliefs, artistic creativity, technological innovation, commerce, and politics of the numerous peoples that resided there. Petra: The History of the Rose City, One of the New Seven Wonders of the World looks at the history of Petra from prehistoric times to the end of the Crusades, as well as the city's "rediscovery" in the 19th century and how it has entered the world's imagination since then. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about Petra like never before.
The Architecture Of Petra
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Author : Judith McKenzie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Architecture Of Petra written by Judith McKenzie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Architecture categories.
The Petra tombstones in Jordan are famed for their "baroque" architecture carved out of pink sandstone by the Nabataeans. This comprehensive survey, the first volume in the new British Academy Monographs in Archaeology series, dates many of the famous Petra monuments against similar rock-cut tombs at Medain Saleh in Saudi Arabia. Through close examination of the monuments as well as the little known remains of Ptolemaic Alexandria, the Hellenistic city founded by Alexander the Great, Murphy reveals that the earliest baroque architecture was that of Ptolemaic Alexandria. The style was then transmitted to Petra and Pompeii. Lavishly illustrated with over 700 photographs and figures, including a detailed catalog of the monuments, the volume uncovers Petra as a city, rather than merely a necropolis.
Life In A Cave In Petra With The Bdoul
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Author : Judith McKenzie
language : en
Publisher: Manar al-Athar, University of Oxford
Release Date : 2022-09-15
Life In A Cave In Petra With The Bdoul written by Judith McKenzie and has been published by Manar al-Athar, University of Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-15 with Architecture categories.
From 1981 until 1986, the archaeologist Judith McKenzie, then a graduate student at the University of Sydney, traveled to the ancient site of Petra in Jordan, living in a cave there for extended periods, in order to survey and measure architectural moldings on the rock-cut monuments. It was a critical time in the history of Petra, where, for centuries, its local inhabitants, known as the Bdoul, had lived and worked. But that tradition was coming to a close. In 1985, the Bdoul began a move to the nearby village of Umm Sayhoun, as directed by the Jordanian government. This first-hand account of life in a cave at Petra, based on diaries Judith kept at the time she lived among the Bdoul, is therefore important as a record of a lifestyle now largely vanished. As she writes in her introduction: "I spent so much time socializing with the Bdoul, I came to observe many aspects of Bdoul life in a series of visits over three main field seasons. As women we had access to the world of young girls and women, which men from outside did not, while we were also sometimes treated as honorary men." This memoir thus stands as a reminder of life at Petra before the arrival of modern-day tourism at the site. But this book is not only a memoir. Observations are made on the ways in which the Bdoul have adapted to their new environment. Changes at the site that have taken place since 1981 because of weathering and erosion are recorded through comparisons between photographs taken forty years ago and more recent images. Ramifications of the expansion of the tourist-industry at Petra in the 21st century are also considered. Life in a Cave in Petra with the Bdoul: 1981-1986 is therefore an important and essential volume on the archaeology and history of one of the best-known ancient sites in the world.
Jordan Past Present
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Author : E. Borgia
language : en
Publisher: Vision
Release Date : 2001
Jordan Past Present written by E. Borgia and has been published by Vision this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
Biography of, and writings by, Mary Ward, the founder of the Congregation of Jesus, still in existence today.
Petra Revealed History Civilization And Monuments Of The City Carved Into The Rock
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Author : Fabio Bourbon
language : en
Publisher: Scripta Maneant Editori
Release Date : 2020-11-25
Petra Revealed History Civilization And Monuments Of The City Carved Into The Rock written by Fabio Bourbon and has been published by Scripta Maneant Editori this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-25 with categories.
- An updated text by one of the greatest expert of history of Petra and a rich, comprehensive apparatus of images (photos, plans and maps) that help a reader to know one of the most important, fascinating ancient city of our civilization The ancient city of Petra, in what is now southwest Jordan, has long been a pilgrimage for adventurous travelers. Built over 2,000 years ago, the Rose City (it is famously carved from red sandstone) holds a unique place in the world of archeological wonders. This beautifully photographed book, a revised and expanded edition, is for tourists and armchair travelers alike. With an updated text and over 350 photographs, maps, drawings, and plans, the author discusses every aspect of Petra, illuminating both the history and splendor of this astonishing site.
The Small Temple
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Author : Sara Karz Reid
language : en
Publisher: Gorgias PressLlc
Release Date : 2005
The Small Temple written by Sara Karz Reid and has been published by Gorgias PressLlc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
Excavation of the Small Temple of Petra, Jordan has revealed a Roman building likely dedicated to the imperial cult. Constructed in the wake of Roman annexation of Nabataea in 106 CE, the temple would have helped to solidify Roman control.
Petra Rediscovered
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Author : Glenn Markoe
language : en
Publisher: Harry N. Abrams
Release Date : 2003-11-04
Petra Rediscovered written by Glenn Markoe and has been published by Harry N. Abrams this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-04 with Social Science categories.
For more than four centuries the ancient kingdom of Petra, with its magnificent temples and rock-cut tombs, flourished at the intersection of two major trade routes running from Syria to the Red Sea and from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean. The Romans absorbed Petra into their empire in 106 A.D., and in 363 A.D. an earthquake left the city in ruins, forgotten in the West until European explorers rediscovered it in the 19th century. Today--largely as a result of the astonishing finds from ongoing archaeological excavations--this beautiful site has become one of the most visited tourist destinations in the Middle East. Petra Rediscovered brings us the discoveries from those excavations, in a spectacular volume that accompanies a major traveling exhibition on the history and art of this evocative ancient city. Vibrantly illustrated with on-site photography--most newly shot for this book--Petra Rediscovered presents the latest archaeological revelations and scholarly research on the city and the Nabataean people. Essays in lively prose by archaeologists who have worked at Petra and researched the art, objects, and inscriptions found there will fascinate history and archaeology buffs, art lovers, and travelers, who will be newly inspired to visit this spectacular site.
Petra
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Author : History Titans
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023-06-19
Petra written by History Titans and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-19 with History categories.
While Petra's fame might often come second to things like the Egyptian pyramids at Giza, ancient Greece, or the Great Wall of China, you can now see that the Rose City certainly deserves its place under the Sun as one of the most precious jewels of our collective, human heritage. Petra surely has a surplus of beauty and other kinds of visual appeal, but you can now see that this is only half of the picture. Our world is filled to the brim with such wonders, bestowed upon us by countless different cultures from every corner of the planet. Some are older or more renowned than others, but all remnants of civilizations of the past have one thing in common: they tell us invaluable stories. These are stories of lives led by people who seem infinitely distant from our perspective but might have as well lived yesterday as far as the grand scheme of time is concerned. They might have had a different outlook and daily life, but the essence of humanity remains fundamentally unchanged. A great history lesson if you have a general interest or plan on visiting Petra Jordan!