How Petra Was Built
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How Petra Was Built
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Author : Shaher Moh'd Ahmad Rababeh
language : en
Publisher: British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited
Release Date : 2005
How Petra Was Built written by Shaher Moh'd Ahmad Rababeh and has been published by British Archaeological Reports Oxford Limited this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.
Until now, no study has been made of the construction techniques of the Nabataean freestanding buildings and the rock-cut monuments of Petra, Jordan (built from the 1st cent. BC to the 2nd cent. AD). Their technical features were documented by fieldwork,and this evidence was then analysed to determine precisely when and why these features appeared or evolved. This leads to explaining how the Nabataeans developed their architecture, and what types of construction techniques they used to bring Petra's architecture to its peak. The historical and geographical context for the architecture of Petra is presented, with a summary of previous scholarship on the site. The focus moves to the building materials used by the Nabataeans which are found toinfluence the construction techniques they developed. This is followed by a detailed discussion of quarrying and the rock-cut techniques. The procedures for dressing ashlar blocks and the facades of the rock-cut monuments are analysed to determine the tools used by the builders, as well as the lifting devices necessary for construction of the freestanding buildings. The technical aspects of the construction of walls, columns, floors, the anti-seismic and stabilising techniques developed by theNabataeans are considered. Finally, the construction of roofs is examined in detail. The results of the study reveal the sources of the building techniques used at Petra and why they were further developed there.THREE REVIEWS OF HOW PETRA WAS BUILT:J. J. Coulton, Formerly Reader in Classical Archaeology, University of Oxford. "Using his practical experience as an architect as well as extensive and detailed fieldwork, Dr Rababeh has provided an illuminating analysis of Nabataean buildings, showing how they drew on, and modified, previous Levantine and Hellenistic methods to suit local materials and local requirements." Judith McKenzie, author of The Architecture of Petra: "Other books cover the architectural styles of the monuments of Petra. Shaher er-Rababeh's is the first to focus on the subject of how they were built, both the rock-cut tombs and the freestanding buildings. He methodically presents the results of months of first-hand examination of the evidence. Each aspect of building construction is analysed making wide-ranging use of recent scholarship on ancient building techniques. Just as the Nabataeans made their desert environment habitable with complex water-collection systems, they refined local, Egyptian, Greek and Roman construction techniques to suit the city's rose red sandstone and other available building materials. Rababeh shows the Nabataean construction techniques were just as distinctive in their details as the style of their architecture - which they created from classical Alexandrian andNear Eastern elements. He makes interesting discoveries. The stone cut awaywhen the tombs were carved was used to erect the city's freestanding buildings.Rababeh shows how Petra has the earliest extensive examples of timber used tostrengthen stone masonry buildings, as later seen on the Ka'ba at Mekka."Ehud Netzer, author of Nabataeische Architektur: "This comprehensive study of the building systems in the Nabataean world is a pioneering work. It deals with all aspects from wall foundations to roof tiles; simple constructions and monumental ones; freestanding buildings and monuments cut into the rock. Shaher's new book widens our knowledge of the enchanted world of Nabataean architecture."
Tourism And Archaeological Heritage Management At Petra
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Author : Douglas C. Comer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-12-07
Tourism And Archaeological Heritage Management At Petra written by Douglas C. Comer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-07 with Art categories.
In 1985, Petra was included on the list of World Heritage Sites. Since then, low cost jet travel and a fast highway from Amman have made the site increasingly accessible. This book asks the question: will tourism damage the archaeological remains there in ways that make answers more difficult or even impossible to find?
Palace Of Darkness
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Author : Tracy Higley
language : en
Publisher: Thomas Nelson
Release Date : 2014-09-16
Palace Of Darkness written by Tracy Higley and has been published by Thomas Nelson this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-16 with Fiction categories.
In an ancient city carved from stone, one desperate young woman searches for peace—in the calm before the Romans attack. In AD 106, a single mother can be certain of one thing—destitution. So Cassia and her six-year-old son flee to Petra, seeking refuge in the loving arms of family. But the great stone city is not what Cassia imagined. And family cannot be trusted. When a secret reveals her son’s true bloodline, the boy becomes the target of a royal conspiracy. He’s snatched from Cassia’s grasp. In her darkest hours, Cassia finds herself surrounded by followers of the Way, a subversive new religious group whose disciples are frequently sentenced to arenas with starved lions and blood-soaked sand. Why would they seek out more danger by helping her? And what kind of religion gives freely and asks for nothing in return? Roman soldiers soon surround Petra, immersing the city in panic and further endangering Cassia’s son. She realizes he cannot be saved by human efforts alone. Her only hope lies with the followers of the Way . . . and her willingness to trust their One True God. Reading Group Guide Included “Higley’s meticulous research enhances readers’ understanding of the daring lives of the first Christians.” —RT Book Reviews, of City on Fire “If you liked Francine Rivers’ A Voice in the Wind, you’ll love Palace of Darkness! It grabbed me from page one and never let go.” —Colleen Coble, USA Today bestselling author
The Nabataeans
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Author : Dan Gibson
language : en
Publisher: Xlibris Corporation
Release Date : 2004-03
The Nabataeans written by Dan Gibson and has been published by Xlibris Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03 with History categories.
Every year thousands of tourists visit the spectacular city of Petra, the ancient capital of the Nabataean Empire. Here massive monuments have been carved out of the ancient Jordanian mountains. Hundreds of magnificent tombs looked down on a city complete with colonnaded streets, coliseums, baths, temples, gardens and pools. Who were the people who carved this city into the red rose, sandstone mountains of Arabia? Why did they hide their city in a cleft in the rock? Why did they come here and why did they leave this spectacular site? Today archeologists and historians are piecing together the answers to these puzzling questions. And as the pieces slowly fall together, a picture is emerging of a fascinating people who traveled from China to Rome, building an empire of incredible wealth and opulence. Discover the fascinating story and mystery that surrounds this ancient people: The Nabataeans. To learn more, visit http: //nabataea.net
The Adventure Of The Illustrious Scholar
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Author : Elizabeth Simpson
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2018-06-12
The Adventure Of The Illustrious Scholar written by Elizabeth Simpson and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with History categories.
The Adventure of the Illustrious Scholar: Papers Presented to Oscar White Muscarella, edited by Elizabeth Simpson, is a Festschrift celebrating the career of one of the foremost archaeologists of the ancient Near East. Oscar Muscarella is a former curator at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and a formidable scholar who has excavated at sites in Turkey, Iran, and the United States. He has published eight books and nearly 200 articles, excavation reports, and reviews on topics ranging from the arts of antiquity and the importance of connoisseurship, to the difficulties of dating and the problems of forgeries, the looting of ancient sites, and the antiquities trade. The forty-seven contributors are experts in the areas of Muscarella’s interests and are major scholars in their fields. This volume constitutes an unusual, important, and timely addition to the archaeological and art historical literature.
Further Studies In The History Of Construction The Proceedings Of The Third Annual Conference Of The Construction History Society
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Author : James Campbell
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2016
Further Studies In The History Of Construction The Proceedings Of The Third Annual Conference Of The Construction History Society written by James Campbell and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Art categories.
This book is the third in the series of volumes which provide the papers of the conferences held at Queens' College, Cambridge by the Construction History Society. Papers cover different aspects of the history of construction, including studies of different building materials, building firms, the development and education of building professionals, the construction of buildings and infrastructure, methods and techniques of construction, and other subjects related to the history and development of buildings.
Life In A Cave In Petra With The Bdoul
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Author : Judith McKenzie
language : en
Publisher: Manar al-Athar, University of Oxford
Release Date : 2022-09-15
Life In A Cave In Petra With The Bdoul written by Judith McKenzie and has been published by Manar al-Athar, University of Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-15 with Architecture categories.
From 1981 until 1986, the archaeologist Judith McKenzie, then a graduate student at the University of Sydney, traveled to the ancient site of Petra in Jordan, living in a cave there for extended periods, in order to survey and measure architectural moldings on the rock-cut monuments. It was a critical time in the history of Petra, where, for centuries, its local inhabitants, known as the Bdoul, had lived and worked. But that tradition was coming to a close. In 1985, the Bdoul began a move to the nearby village of Umm Sayhoun, as directed by the Jordanian government. This first-hand account of life in a cave at Petra, based on diaries Judith kept at the time she lived among the Bdoul, is therefore important as a record of a lifestyle now largely vanished. As she writes in her introduction: "I spent so much time socializing with the Bdoul, I came to observe many aspects of Bdoul life in a series of visits over three main field seasons. As women we had access to the world of young girls and women, which men from outside did not, while we were also sometimes treated as honorary men." This memoir thus stands as a reminder of life at Petra before the arrival of modern-day tourism at the site. But this book is not only a memoir. Observations are made on the ways in which the Bdoul have adapted to their new environment. Changes at the site that have taken place since 1981 because of weathering and erosion are recorded through comparisons between photographs taken forty years ago and more recent images. Ramifications of the expansion of the tourist-industry at Petra in the 21st century are also considered. Life in a Cave in Petra with the Bdoul: 1981-1986 is therefore an important and essential volume on the archaeology and history of one of the best-known ancient sites in the world.
Jordan Past Present
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Author : E. Borgia
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2001
Jordan Past Present written by E. Borgia and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.
Biography of, and writings by, Mary Ward, the founder of the Congregation of Jesus, still in existence today.
Unveiling Petra S Secrets A Hidden World Revealed
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Author : Pasquale De Marco
language : en
Publisher: Pasquale De Marco
Release Date : 2025-07-24
Unveiling Petra S Secrets A Hidden World Revealed written by Pasquale De Marco and has been published by Pasquale De Marco this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-24 with History categories.
In a secluded corner of the Jordanian desert, where towering cliffs and shifting sands meet, lies the enigmatic city of Petra. Carved into sheer rock faces, its intricate facades and hidden chambers have captivated explorers and archaeologists for centuries. This captivating guide invites you on a journey through the heart of Petra, uncovering its secrets and revealing its enduring legacy. Embark on an exploration of Petra's origins, tracing its roots to the enigmatic Nabataeans, a civilization that flourished in this arid landscape. Discover the architectural marvels of the Treasury, the Monastery, and the Royal Tombs, each a testament to the skill and artistry of its ancient builders. Delve into the intricacies of Petra's water engineering systems, marveling at the ingenuity of a civilization that mastered the desert's challenges. Unravel the religious significance of Petra, where deities were worshipped, and rituals were performed. Discover the influences of multiple faiths, from the Nabataeans' reverence for Dushara to the later presence of Christianity and Islam. Explore the fascinating history of Petra's exploration, from early discoveries by Western travelers to ongoing archaeological excavations that continue to shed light on its past. Petra's artistic legacy extends beyond its architecture, encompassing exquisite stone carvings, vibrant frescoes, and intricate pottery. Discover the symbolism and motifs that adorned the city's facades, revealing the beliefs and traditions of its ancient inhabitants. Delve into Petra's modern significance, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a symbol of resilience and cultural heritage. Examine the challenges of conservation and tourism, and explore the ongoing efforts to preserve this extraordinary site for future generations. As you journey through the pages of this book, let the spirit of Petra guide you. Feel the awe of the ancient explorers who first stumbled upon its hidden wonders. Trace the footsteps of archaeologists as they piece together the fragments of Petra's past. Immerse yourself in the beauty and mystery of this lost city, and discover the enduring legacy of a civilization that carved its mark on the sands of time. If you like this book, write a review!
The Semantic Field Of Cutting Tools In Biblical Hebrew
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Author : Aaron Koller
language : en
Publisher: Wipf and Stock Publishers
Release Date : 2023-09-29
The Semantic Field Of Cutting Tools In Biblical Hebrew written by Aaron Koller and has been published by Wipf and Stock Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-29 with Religion categories.
This volume is concerned with field of cutting tools in Biblical Hebrew texts and deals with the interface of philogical, semantic, and archeological evidence.