How Science Takes Stock
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How Science Takes Stock
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Author : Morton Hunt
language : en
Publisher: Russell Sage Foundation
Release Date : 1997-04-24
How Science Takes Stock written by Morton Hunt and has been published by Russell Sage Foundation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-04-24 with Social Science categories.
Policymakers, medical practitioners, and the public alike face an increasingly bewildering flood of new and often contradictory scientific studies on almost every topic. Whether the issue is the the best treatment for breast cancer, the need for prenatal food programs to improve the health of poor infants and mothers, or the ability of women to succeed in scientific professions, the healthy growth of modern science has at times done more to stir up controversy than to establish reliable knowledge. But now scientists in several fields have developed a sophisticated new methodology called meta-analysis to address this problem. By numerically combining diverse research findings on a single question, meta-analysis can be used to identify their central tendency and reach conclusions far more reliable than those of any single investigation. How Science Takes Stock vividly tells the story of meta-analysis through the eyes of its architects and champions, and chronicles its history, techniques, achievements, and controversies. Noted science author Morton Hunt visits key practitioners and recounts their use of meta-analysis to resolve important scientific puzzles and longstanding debates. Does psychotherapy work, and if so what form works best? Does spending federal money on education really improve student performance? Can a single enzyme significantly decrease the risk of heart attack? Do boot camps reduce juvenile delinquency? With each account, Hunt illustrates the major components of the meta-analytic method, reveals strategies for resolving practical and theoretical problems, and discusses the impact of meta-analysis on the science and policy communities. In many cases, he demonstrates how meta-analysts have gone a step further to determine the causes of earlier discrepancies. In this way they not only identify successful approaches to the question at hand, but also clarify the conditions under which they will work best. Hunt also portrays the important but frequently controversial business of doing meta-analysis for legislators and government agencies, particularly in sensitive areas of social policy. How Science Takes Stock demonstrates how the statistical techniques of meta-analysis produce more accurate data than the standard literature review or the old-fashioned process of tallying up the results of each scientific study as if they were votes in an election to decide the truth. Hunt also addresses issues of quality control in each phase of the meta-analytic process, and answers skeptics who claim that the dissimilarities between studies are often too significant for meta-analysis to be any more than an apples and oranges approach. This volume conveys the power of meta-analysis to help social policymakers and health professionals resolve their most pressing problems. How Science Takes Stock concludes with a discussion of the future of meta-analysis that examines its potential for further refinements, its growth in the scientific literature, and exciting new possibilities for its future use. An appendix by meta-analysis expert Harris Cooper offers some finer points on the mechanics of conducting a meta-analytic investigation.
How Science Takes Stock The Story Of Meta Analysis
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Author : Morton Hunt
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
How Science Takes Stock The Story Of Meta Analysis written by Morton Hunt and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
The New Know Nothings
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Author : Morton M. Hunt
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Pub
Release Date : 1999
The New Know Nothings written by Morton M. Hunt and has been published by Transaction Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Political Science categories.
Morton Hunt gives us the first serious overview of this threat to behavioral and social science research. He illustrates precisely how scientific research has been subjected to political attack. The New Know-Nothings illustrates this phenomenon using in-depth case histories and background discussions of the conflicting social forces involved. It considers the prevalence of each form of opposition to research, using interviews with expert observers in the sciences and government.
Science And Technology
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Author : Great Britain. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1962
Science And Technology written by Great Britain. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1962 with Research, Industrial categories.
Classifying Science
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Author : Rick Szostak
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-11-03
Classifying Science written by Rick Szostak and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-11-03 with Science categories.
Classification is the essential first step in science. The study of science, as well as the practice of science, will thus benefit from a detailed classification of different types of science. In this book, science - defined broadly to include the social sciences and humanities - is first unpacked into its constituent elements: the phenomena studied, the data used, the theories employed, the methods applied, and the practices of scientists. These five elements are then classified in turn. Notably, the classifications of both theory types and methods allow the key strengths and weaknesses of different theories and methods to be readily discerned and compared. Connections across classifications are explored: should certain theories or phenomena be investigated only with certain methods? What is the proper function and form of scientific paradigms? Are certain common errors and biases in scientific practice associated with particular phenomena, data, theories, or methods? The classifications point to several ways of improving both specialized and interdisciplinary research and teaching, and especially of enhancing communication across communities of scholars. The classifications also support a superior system of document classification that would allow searches by theory and method used as well as causal links investigated.
Community Based Corrections
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Author : Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2011-01-06
Community Based Corrections written by Shannon M. Barton-Bellessa and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-06 with Social Science categories.
Community Based Corrections: A Text/Reader is a text-reader that includes a collection of carefully selected, edited articles on community-based corrections that have previously appeared in a number of leading criminal justice academic journals. This book is a substitute for a 'standard' community-based corrections textbook, without becoming 'standard' because it will include text and original articles along with current research. The book is divided into eleven Sections that will include 15 pages of authored text and 3-4 significant research-based articles with a policy orientation. The articles will provide the reader with a grasp of the development and current status of research on the various community-based corrections topics. Ancillaries include instructor and student resource sites. Instructors will be provided test questions and PowerPoint slides. Materials on the student study site will include self-study quizzes and extra articles for each section of the book.
Invention And The Rise Of Technocapitalism
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Author : Luis Suarez-Villa
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2000
Invention And The Rise Of Technocapitalism written by Luis Suarez-Villa and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
In the context of the historic evolution of capitalism, Suarez-Villa (social ecology, U. of California-Irvine) explores the advent of a form of market capitalism rooted in invention and the development of new technologies. He examines the infrastructure that supports invention and the relationship of techno-capitalism with science, corporate business, and government. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR
Evidence In Action Between Science And Society
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Author : Sarah Ehlers
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2022-07-15
Evidence In Action Between Science And Society written by Sarah Ehlers and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-15 with History categories.
This volume is an interdisciplinary attempt to insert a broader, historically informed perspective into current political and academic debates on the issue of evidence and the reliability of scientific knowledge. The tensions between competing paradigms, different bodies of knowledge and the relative hierarchies between them are a crucial element of the historical and contemporary dynamics of scientific knowledge production. The negotiation of evidence is at the heart of this process. Starting from the premise that evidence constitutes a central, but also essentially contested concept in contemporary knowledge-based societies, this volume focuses on how evidence is generated and applied in practice—in other words, on “evidence in action.” The contributions analyze and compare different evidence practices within the field of science and technology, how they interlink with different forms of power, their interaction with and impact on the legal and political domain, and their relationship to other, more heterodox forms of evidence that challenge traditional notions of evidence. In doing so, this volume provides much-needed context and historical background to contemporary debates on the so-called “post-truth” society. Evidence in Action is the perfect resource for all those interested in the relationship between science, technology, and the role of knowledge in society. Chapter 6 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Principles Of Research In Behavioral Science
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Author : Bernard E. Whitley
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013
Principles Of Research In Behavioral Science written by Bernard E. Whitley and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Education categories.
Intended for beginning graduate or advanced undergraduate students, this book provides a comprehensive review of research methods used in psychology and related disciplines. It covers topics that are often omitted in other texts including correlational and qualitative research and integrative literature reviews. Basic principles are reviewed for those who need a refresher. The focus is on conceptual issues ¿ statistics are kept to a minimum. Featuring examples from all fields of psychology, the book addresses laboratory and field research. Chapters are written to be used independently, so instructors can pick and choose those that fit their course needs. Reorganized to parallel the steps of the research process, tips on writing reports are also provided. Each chapter features an outline, key terms, a summary, and questions and exercises that integrate chapter topics and put theory into practice. A glossary and an annotated list of readings are now included. Extensively updated throughout, the new edition features a new co-author, Mary Kite, and: ¿ New chapters on qualitative research and content analysis and another on integrative literature reviews including meta-analysis, critical techniques for today¿s research environment. ¿ A new chapter on exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis that addresses the use of path analysis and structural equation modeling. ¿ A new chapter on how to write a research report using APA style. ¿ Examples from cross-cultural and multi-cultural research, neuroscience, cognitive, and developmental psychology along with ones from social, industrial, and clinical psychology. ¿ More on Internet research and studies. ¿ Greatly expanded Part 3 on research designs with chapters on true experiments, field research, correlational and single-case designs, content analysis, and survey and qualitative research. ¿ A website with PowerPoint slides for each chapter, a test bank with short answer and multiple choice questions, additional teaching resources, and the tables and figures from the book for Instructor¿s and chapter outlines, suggested readings, and links to related web sites for students. Intended as a text for beginning graduate and/or advanced undergraduate courses in research methods or experimental methods or design taught in psychology, human development, family studies, education, or other social and behavioral sciences, a prerequisite of undergraduate statistics and a beginning research methods course is assumed.
Reference Manual On Scientific Evidence
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-10-26
Reference Manual On Scientific Evidence written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-26 with Political Science categories.
The Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence, Third Edition, assists judges in managing cases involving complex scientific and technical evidence by describing the basic tenets of key scientific fields from which legal evidence is typically derived and by providing examples of cases in which that evidence has been used. First published in 1994 by the Federal Judicial Center, the Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence has been relied upon in the legal and academic communities and is often cited by various courts and others. Judges faced with disputes over the admissibility of scientific and technical evidence refer to the manual to help them better understand and evaluate the relevance, reliability and usefulness of the evidence being proffered. The manual is not intended to tell judges what is good science and what is not. Instead, it serves to help judges identify issues on which experts are likely to differ and to guide the inquiry of the court in seeking an informed resolution of the conflict. The core of the manual consists of a series of chapters (reference guides) on various scientific topics, each authored by an expert in that field. The topics have been chosen by an oversight committee because of their complexity and frequency in litigation. Each chapter is intended to provide a general overview of the topic in lay terms, identifying issues that will be useful to judges and others in the legal profession. They are written for a non-technical audience and are not intended as exhaustive presentations of the topic. Rather, the chapters seek to provide judges with the basic information in an area of science, to allow them to have an informed conversation with the experts and attorneys.
