How We Found Out About Numbers
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How We Found Out About Numbers
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Author : Isaac Asimov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
How We Found Out About Numbers written by Isaac Asimov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Numeration categories.
Surreal Numbers
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Author : Donald Ervin Knuth
language : en
Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
Release Date : 1974
Surreal Numbers written by Donald Ervin Knuth and has been published by Addison-Wesley Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974 with Computers categories.
Nearly 30 years ago, John Horton Conway introduced a new way to construct numbers. Donald E. Knuth, in appreciation of this revolutionary system, took a week off from work on The Art of Computer Programming to write an introduction to Conway's method. Never content with the ordinary, Knuth wrote this introduction as a work of fiction--a novelette. If not a steamy romance, the book nonetheless shows how a young couple turned on to pure mathematics and found total happiness. The book's primary aim, Knuth explains in a postscript, is not so much to teach Conway's theory as "to teach how one might go about developing such a theory." He continues: "Therefore, as the two characters in this book gradually explore and build up Conway's number system, I have recorded their false starts and frustrations as well as their good ideas. I wanted to give a reasonably faithful portrayal of the important principles, techniques, joys, passions, and philosophy of mathematics, so I wrote the story as I was actually doing the research myself."... It is an astonishing feat of legerdemain. An empty hat rests on a table made of a few axioms of standard set theory. Conway waves two simple rules in the air, then reaches into almost nothing and pulls out an infinitely rich tapestry of numbers that form a real and closed field. Every real number is surrounded by a host of new numbers that lie closer to it than any other "real" value does. The system is truly "surreal." quoted from Martin Gardner, Mathematical Magic Show, pp. 16--19 Surreal Numbers, now in its 13th printing, will appeal to anyone who might enjoy an engaging dialogue on abstract mathematical ideas, and who might wish to experience how new mathematics is created. 0201038129B04062001
Finding Zero
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Author : Amir D. Aczel
language : en
Publisher: Macmillan + ORM
Release Date : 2015-01-06
Finding Zero written by Amir D. Aczel and has been published by Macmillan + ORM this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-01-06 with Mathematics categories.
The invention of numerals is perhaps the greatest abstraction the human mind has ever created. Virtually everything in our lives is digital, numerical, or quantified. The story of how and where we got these numerals, which we so depend on, has for thousands of years been shrouded in mystery. Finding Zero is an adventure filled saga of Amir Aczel's lifelong obsession: to find the original sources of our numerals. Aczel has doggedly crisscrossed the ancient world, scouring dusty, moldy texts, cross examining so-called scholars who offered wildly differing sets of facts, and ultimately penetrating deep into a Cambodian jungle to find a definitive proof. Here, he takes the reader along for the ride. The history begins with the early Babylonian cuneiform numbers, followed by the later Greek and Roman letter numerals. Then Aczel asks the key question: where do the numbers we use today, the so-called Hindu-Arabic numerals, come from? It is this search that leads him to explore uncharted territory, to go on a grand quest into India, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and ultimately into the wilds of Cambodia. There he is blown away to find the earliest zero—the keystone of our entire system of numbers—on a crumbling, vine-covered wall of a seventh-century temple adorned with eaten-away erotic sculptures. While on this odyssey, Aczel meets a host of fascinating characters: academics in search of truth, jungle trekkers looking for adventure, surprisingly honest politicians, shameless smugglers, and treacherous archaeological thieves—who finally reveal where our numbers come from.
The Number Concept
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Author : Levi Leonard Conant
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-10-18
The Number Concept written by Levi Leonard Conant and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-18 with categories.
Among the speculative questions which arise in connection with the study of arithmetic from a historical standpoint, the origin of number is one that has provoked much lively discussion, and has led to a great amount of learned research among the primitive and savage languages of the human race. A few simple considerations will, however, show that such research must necessarily leave this question entirely unsettled, and will indicate clearly that it is, from the very nature of things, a question to which no definite and final answer can be given. Among the barbarous tribes whose languages have been studied, even in a most cursory manner, none have ever been discovered which did not show some familiarity with the number concept. The knowledge thus indicated has often proved to be most limited; not extending beyond the numbers 1 and 2, or 1, 2, and 3. Examples of this poverty of number knowledge are found among the forest tribes of Brazil, the native races of Australia and elsewhere, and they are considered in some detail in the next chapter. At first thought it seems quite inconceivable that any human being should be destitute of the power of counting beyond 2. But such is the case; and in a few instances languages have been found to be absolutely destitute of pure numeral words. The Chiquitos of Bolivia had no real numerals whatever,1 but expressed their idea for "one" by the word etama, meaning alone. The Tacanas of the same country have no numerals except those borrowed from Spanish, or from Aymara or Peno, languages with which they have long been in contact.2 A few other South American languages are almost equally destitute of numeral words. But even here, rudimentary as the number sense undoubtedly is, it is not wholly lacking; and some indirect expression, or some form of circumlocution, shows a conception of the difference between one and two, or at least, between one and many. These facts must of necessity deter the mathematician from seeking to push his investigation too far back toward the very origin of number. Philosophers have endeavoured to establish certain propositions concerning this subject, but, as might have been expected, have failed to reach any common ground of agreement. Whewell has maintained that "such propositions as that two and three make five are necessary truths, containing in them an element of certainty beyond that which mere experience can give." Mill, on the other hand, argues that any such statement merely expresses a truth derived from early and constant experience; and in this view he is heartily supported by Tylor.3 But why this question should provoke controversy, it is difficult for the mathematician to understand. Either view would seem to be correct, according to the standpoint from which the question is approached. We know of no language in which the suggestion of number does not appear, and we must admit that the words which give expression to the number sense would be among the early words to be formed in any language. They express ideas which are, at first, wholly concrete, which are of the greatest possible simplicity, and which seem in many ways to be clearly understood, even by the higher orders of the brute creation. The origin of number would in itself, then, appear to lie beyond the proper limits of inquiry; and the primitive conception of number to be fundamental with human thought.
Are There Any More Numbers Out There
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Author : Edward Fleming
language : en
Publisher: CreateSpace
Release Date : 2011-01-29
Are There Any More Numbers Out There written by Edward Fleming and has been published by CreateSpace this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-29 with Mathematics categories.
This book contains some elementary theories and proofs of the basic concepts behind numbers and number systems and by doing so asks the question, "Are there any more numbers out there?" Answering with a resounding "Yes!", The text gives an overview of the traditional number systems, which will include; Counting Numbers, Natural Numbers, Integers, Rational Numbers, Real Numbers, and Complex Numbers. Then adds the very controversial fundamental theories, proofs and ideas for new number systems. Thus adding an infinite amount of numbers and number systems to the traditional list. This book also looks at numbers having a margin of error in them and how one can view them.
How Did We Find Out About Numbers
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Author : Isaac Asimov
language : en
Publisher: Walker & Company
Release Date : 1973-01-01
How Did We Find Out About Numbers written by Isaac Asimov and has been published by Walker & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973-01-01 with Number systems. categories.
Traces the origin of numbers and the development of the Roman, Egyptian, and Hindu systems of numerals.
Numbers And The Making Of Us
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Author : Caleb Everett
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2017-03-13
Numbers And The Making Of Us written by Caleb Everett and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-13 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
“A fascinating book.” —James Ryerson, New York Times Book Review A Smithsonian Best Science Book of the Year Winner of the PROSE Award for Best Book in Language & Linguistics Carved into our past and woven into our present, numbers shape our perceptions of the world far more than we think. In this sweeping account of how the invention of numbers sparked a revolution in human thought and culture, Caleb Everett draws on new discoveries in psychology, anthropology, and linguistics to reveal the many things made possible by numbers, from the concept of time to writing, agriculture, and commerce. Numbers are a tool, like the wheel, developed and refined over millennia. They allow us to grasp quantities precisely, but recent research confirms that they are not innate—and without numbers, we could not fully grasp quantities greater than three. Everett considers the number systems that have developed in different societies as he shares insights from his fascinating work with indigenous Amazonians. “This is bold, heady stuff... The breadth of research Everett covers is impressive, and allows him to develop a narrative that is both global and compelling... Numbers is eye-opening, even eye-popping.” —New Scientist “A powerful and convincing case for Everett’s main thesis: that numbers are neither natural nor innate to humans.” —Wall Street Journal
Let S Play Math
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Author : Denise Gaskins
language : en
Publisher: Tabletop Academy Press
Release Date : 2012-09-04
Let S Play Math written by Denise Gaskins and has been published by Tabletop Academy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-04 with Education categories.
Your Number S Up
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Author : Rob Colson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Your Number S Up written by Rob Colson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Arithmetic categories.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY: GENERAL INTEREST (CHILDREN'S / TEENAGE). Numbers are all around us but why are they important? This book finds out what numbers are, from how we count them, to what are prime and base numbers and takes you upto the really big ones - millions, billions and to infinity and beyond. You'll also explore some really strange numbers, find out about your body in numbers and get to grips with roman numerals. Plus, there are fun quizzes to help you test your knowledge. The book is part of the Maths is Everywhere series, which demystifies all aspects of maths and shows how it relates to your everyday world with fun, colourful graphics. These are fantastic books for children aged nine plus who are studying maths, or for anyone who wants to get to grips with maths in a fun way. Ages 9+
I Know Numbers
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Author : Taro Gomi
language : en
Publisher: Chronicle Books
Release Date : 2017-09-05
I Know Numbers written by Taro Gomi and has been published by Chronicle Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-05 with Juvenile Fiction categories.
How do we love numbers? Let us count the ways: They're on street signs and bus stops, featured on phones, thermometers, chalkboards, and scales. They show the time and the date, and help us to measure distance, sizing, and so much more. This spirited picture book by beloved author-illustrator Taro Gomi will charm and inform the youngest of readers, offering them a unique—and useful—look at a key concept we count on. Plus, this is the fixed format version, which looks almost identical to the print edition.