Human And Machine Problem Solving
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Human And Machine Problem Solving
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Author : K.J. Gilhooly
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Human And Machine Problem Solving written by K.J. Gilhooly and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
Problem solving is a central topic for both cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence (AI). Psychology seeks to analyze naturally occur ring problem solving into hypothetical processes, while AI seeks to synthesize problem-solving performance from well-defined processes. Psychology may suggest possible processes to AI and, in turn, AI may suggest plausible hypotheses to psychology. It should be useful for both sides to have some idea of the other's contribution-hence this book, which brings together overviews of psychological and AI re search in major areas of problem solving. At a more general level, this book is intended to be a contribution toward comparative cognitive science. Cognitive science is the study of intelligent systems, whether natural or artificial, and treats both organ isms and computers as types of information-processing systems. Clearly, humans and typical current computers have rather different functional or cognitive architectures. Thus, insights into the role of cognitive ar chitecture in performance may be gained by comparing typical human problem solving with efficient machine problem solving over a range of tasks. Readers may notice that there is little mention of connectionist ap proaches in this volume. This is because, at the time of writing, such approaches have had little or no impact on research at the problem solving level. Should a similar volume be produced in ten years or so, of course, a very different story may need to be told.
Human And Machine Problem Solving
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Author : K. J. Gilhooly
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989-01-31
Human And Machine Problem Solving written by K. J. Gilhooly and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989-01-31 with categories.
Categorization By Humans And Machines
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 1993-10-22
Categorization By Humans And Machines written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-10-22 with Computers categories.
The objective of the series has always been to provide a forum in which leading contributors to an area can write about significant bodies of research in which they are involved. The operating procedure has been to invite contributions from interesting, active investigators, and then allow them essentially free rein to present their perspectives on important research problems. The result of such invitations over the past two decades has been collections of papers which consist of thoughtful integrations providing an overview of a particular scientific problem. The series has an excellent tradition of high quality papers and is widely read by researchers in cognitive and experimental psychology.
Cognition And The Creative Machine
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Author : Ana-Maria Oltețeanu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-05-23
Cognition And The Creative Machine written by Ana-Maria Oltețeanu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-23 with Computers categories.
How would you assemble a machine that can be creative, what would its cogs be? Starting from how humans do creative problem solving, the author has developed a framework to explore whether a diverse set of creative problem-solving tasks can be solved computationally using a unified set of principles. In this book she describes the implementation of related prototype AI systems, and the computational and empirical experiments conducted. The book will be of interest to researchers, graduate students, and laypeople engaged with ideas in artificial intelligence, cognitive science, and creativity.
Problem Solving Processes In Humans And Computers
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Author : Morton Wagman
language : en
Publisher: Praeger
Release Date : 2002
Problem Solving Processes In Humans And Computers written by Morton Wagman and has been published by Praeger this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Psychology categories.
Wagman gives a broad, structured, and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in both psychological and computational theories of the nature of problem- solving. Known for originating the PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System, psychologist Wagman is the author of 17 books, including Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers (Praeger, 2000). In this book, Professor Emeritus Morton Wagman gives a broad, structured, and detailed account of advancing intellectual developments in both psychological and computational theories of the nature of problem solving. Known for originating the PLATO computer-based Dilemma Counseling System, psychologist Wagman is the author of 17 books, including Scientific Discovery Processes in Humans and Computers, (Praeger, 2000) Of special interest to readers will be Wagman's conclusion that artificial intelligence problem-solving systems are deepening and broadening theories of human problem solving from scientific to everyday approaches. Scholars and professionals in psychology, artificial intelligence, and cognitive science will consider this a volume a valuable addition to their collections.
Expertise And Technology
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Author : Jean-Michel Hoc
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-06-17
Expertise And Technology written by Jean-Michel Hoc and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-17 with Psychology categories.
Technological development has changed the nature of industrial production so that it is no longer a question of humans working with a machine, but rather that a joint human machine system is performing the task. This development, which started in the 1940s, has become even more pronounced with the proliferation of computers and the invasion of digital technology in all wakes of working life. It may appear that the importance of human work has been reduced compared to what can be achieved by intelligent software systems, but in reality, the opposite is true: the more complex a system, the more vital the human operator's task. The conditions have changed, however, whereas people used to be in control of their own tasks, today they have become supervisors of tasks which are shared between humans and machines. A considerable effort has been devoted to the domain of administrative and clerical work and has led to the establishment of an internationally based human-computer interaction (HCI) community at research and application levels. The HCI community, however, has paid more attention to static environments where the human operator is in complete control of the situation, rather than to dynamic environments where changes may occur independent of human intervention and actions. This book's basic philosophy is the conviction that human operators remain the unchallenged experts even in the worst cases where their working conditions have been impoverished by senseless automation. They maintain this advantage due to their ability to learn and build up a high level of expertise -- a foundation of operational knowledge -- during their work. This expertise must be taken into account in the development of efficient human-machine systems, in the specification of training requirements, and in the identification of needs for specific computer support to human actions. Supporting this philosophy, this volume *deals with the main features of cognition in dynamic environments, combining issues coming from empirical approaches of human cognition and cognitive simulation, *addresses the question of the development of competence and expertise, and *proposes ways to take up the main challenge in this domain -- the design of an actual cooperation between human experts and computers of the next century.
Search And Knowledge For Human And Machine Problem Solving
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Author : Matej Guid
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Search And Knowledge For Human And Machine Problem Solving written by Matej Guid and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Toward Super Creativity
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Author : Sílvio Manuel Brito
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2020-01-29
Toward Super Creativity written by Sílvio Manuel Brito and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-29 with Computers categories.
What is super creativity? From the simple creation of a meal to the most sophisticated artificial intelligence system, the human brain is capable of responding to the most diverse challenges and problems in increasingly creative and innovative ways. This book is an attempt to define super creativity by examining creativity in humans, machines, and human-machine interactions. Organized into three sections, the volume covers such topics as increasing personal creativity, the impact of artificial intelligence and digital devices, and the interaction of humans and machines in fields such as healthcare and economics.
Local Applications Of The Ecological Approach To Human Machine Systems
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Author : Peter A. Hancock
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-05-02
Local Applications Of The Ecological Approach To Human Machine Systems written by Peter A. Hancock and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
There is a growing consensus in the human factors/ergonomics community that human factors research has had little impact on significant applied problems. Some have suggested that the problem lies in the fact that much HF/E research has been based on the wrong type of psychology, an information processing view of psychology that is reductionistic and context-free. Ecological psychology offers a viable alternative, presenting a richer view of human behavior that is holistic and contextualized. The papers presented in these two volumes show the conceptual impact that ecological psychology can have on HF/E, as well as presenting a number of specific examples illustrating the ecological approach to human-machine systems. It is the first collection of papers that explicitly draws a connection between these two fields. While work in this area is only just beginning, the evidence available suggests that taking an ecological approach to human factors/ergonomics helps bridge the existing gap between basic research and applied problems.
Machine Discovery
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Author : Jan Zytkow
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-03-09
Machine Discovery written by Jan Zytkow and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-09 with Psychology categories.
Human and machine discovery are gradual problem-solving processes of searching large problem spaces for incompletely defined goal objects. Research on problem solving has usually focused on searching an `instance space' (empirical exploration) and a `hypothesis space' (generation of theories). In scientific discovery, searching must often extend to other spaces as well: spaces of possible problems, of new or improved scientific instruments, of new problem representations, of new concepts, and others. This book focuses especially on the processes for finding new problem representations and new concepts, which are relatively new domains for research on discovery. Scientific discovery has usually been studied as an activity of individual investigators, but these individuals are positioned in a larger social structure of science, being linked by the `blackboard' of open publication (as well as by direct collaboration). Even while an investigator is working alone, the process is strongly influenced by knowledge and skills stored in memory as a result of previous social interactions. In this sense, all research on discovery, including the investigations on individual processes discussed in this book, is social psychology, or even sociology.