Human Factors Guidelines For Command And Control Systems
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Human Factors Guidelines For Command And Control Systems
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Author : Helen V. Lewis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Human Factors Guidelines For Command And Control Systems written by Helen V. Lewis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Combat categories.
These guidelines provide information to develop user-computer graphic interfaces. The focus is on the presentation of graphical charts used to display battlefield operations and resource data in ways that enhance fast and accurate perception, understanding, and use. The guidelines also apply to the presentation of battlefield situation displays, topographic and other maps, and graphic symbology or icons used as components of the user-computer dialogue. The guidelines apply to the development of charts produced on paper, as well as static and dynamic computer displays. Guidelines for the selection of the most appropriate graphic form among bar and column graphs, line graphs, surface graphs, pie charts, flow charts, and three-dimensional graphs are provided. Details for construction, modification, and use of these various graphic forms are presented. Examples of each major variation of the graphic forms are illustrated using fictional military units and notional data relationships. Additionally, the guidelines provide recommendations for the selection and design of information codes, interaction techniques, overall screen layout, and other features of graphics. Intended users for the guidelines are system designers, application programmers, graphic artists, human factors specialists, software engineers, and others who participate in the development of command and control, decision support, or other information systems.
Digitising Command And Control
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Author : Neville A. Stanton
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Digitising Command And Control written by Neville A. Stanton and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Psychology categories.
This book presents a human factors and ergonomics evaluation of a digital Mission Planning and Battle-space Management (MP/BM) system. An emphasis was placed on the activities at the Brigade (Bde) and the Battle Group (BG) headquarters (HQ) levels. The analysts distributed their time evenly between these two locations. The human factors team from Brunel University, as part of the HFI DTC, undertook a multi-faceted approach to the investigation, including: - observation of people using the traditional analogue MP/BM processes in the course of their work - cognitive work analysis of the digital MP/BM system - analysis of the tasks and goal structure required by the digital MP/BM - assessment against a usability questionnaire - analysis of the distributed situation awareness - an environmental survey. The book concludes with a summary of the research project's findings and offers many valuable insights. For example, the recommendations for short-term improvements in the current generation of digital MP/BM system address general design improvements, user-interface design improvements, hardware improvements, infrastructure improvements and support improvements. In looking forward to the next generation digital MP/BM systems, general human factors design principles are presented and human factors issues in digitising mission planning are considered.
Human Factors In Command And Control System Procurement
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Author : C. V. Copas
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Human Factors In Command And Control System Procurement written by C. V. Copas and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Command and control systems categories.
The major topic of this report is a review of various human factors engineering techniques that can be used at the early stages of a procurement program for computer based tactical information systems. The report also raises some human factors issues that should be addressed during that procurement program. Some recommendations are made concerning the management of procedures for implementing human factors, and some topics for further research are identified. Experience during World War II highlighted the requirement for the equipment designer to take account of the human operator in the design and development of systems. Meister and Rabideau (1965) indicated that the concern centered on the ability of the operator to use the new complex equipment both effectively, as a fighting machine, and safely. Whereas traditionally the artisan had always developed his equipment on a functional and evolutionary basis the designer of the newer mechanical hardware was somewhat removed from the environment where it was to be used. A systematic approach was then required. The seeds of awareness that human factors design inputs could have substantial effects on overall system performance was the start of the development of a systems approach to design, (Singleton, 1974). As we have increased our ability to develop large scale systems so the design process has become more complex. It has become necessary to attempt to predict at the conceptual stage the way systems will actually perform. The relevant factors that contribute to system effectiveness need to be integrated into the design process.
Digitising Command And Control
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Author : Dr Daniel P Jenkins
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2012-10-01
Digitising Command And Control written by Dr Daniel P Jenkins and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-01 with Psychology categories.
This book presents a human factors and ergonomics evaluation of a digital Mission Planning and Battle-space Management (MP/BM) system. An emphasis was placed on the activities at the Brigade (Bde) and the Battle Group (BG) headquarters (HQ) levels. The analysts distributed their time evenly between these two locations. The human factors team from Brunel University, as part of the HFI DTC, undertook a multi-faceted approach to the investigation, including: - observation of people using the traditional analogue MP/BM processes in the course of their work - cognitive work analysis of the digital MP/BM system - analysis of the tasks and goal structure required by the digital MP/BM - assessment against a usability questionnaire - analysis of the distributed situation awareness - an environmental survey. The book concludes with a summary of the research project's findings and offers many valuable insights. For example, the recommendations for short-term improvements in the current generation of digital MP/BM system address general design improvements, user-interface design improvements, hardware improvements, infrastructure improvements and support improvements. In looking forward to the next generation digital MP/BM systems, general human factors design principles are presented and human factors issues in digitising mission planning are considered.
Assessing Command And Control Effectiveness
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Author : Peter Berggren
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Assessing Command And Control Effectiveness written by Peter Berggren and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Assessing Command and Control Effectiveness: Dealing with a Changing World offers a description of the current state of Command and Control (C2) research in imperfect settings, showing how a research process should assess, analyse and communicate results to the development cycle of methods, work, manning and C2-technology. Special attention is given to the development of C2 research methods to meet the current and coming needs. The authors also look forward towards a future where effective assessment of C2 abilities are even more crucial, for instance in agile organisations. The purpose of the C2 research is to improve the process and make it more effective while still saving time and money. Research methods have to be chosen carefully to be effective and simple, yet provide results of high quality. The methodological concerns are a major consideration when working under such circumstances. Furthermore, there is often a need for a swift iterative development cycle, and thus a demand to quickly deliver results from the research process. This book explains how field research experimentation can be quick, simple and effective, being able to draw valid conclusions even when sample sizes are small and resources are limited, collecting empirical data using measures and procedures that are minimally intrusive.
Command And Control The Sociotechnical Perspective
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Author : Guy H Walker
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Command And Control The Sociotechnical Perspective written by Guy H Walker and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Military command and control is not merely evolving, it is co-evolving. Technology is creating new opportunities for different types of command and control, and new types of command and control are creating new aspirations for technology. The question is how to manage this process, how to achieve a jointly optimised blend of socio and technical and create the kind of agility and self-synchronisation that modern forms of command and control promise. The answer put forward in this book is to re-visit sociotechnical systems theory. In doing so, the problems of 21st century command and control can be approached from an alternative, multi-disciplinary and above all human-centred perspective. Human factors (HF) is also co-evolving. The traditional conception of the field is to serve as a conduit for knowledge between engineering and psychology yet 21st century command and control presents an altogether different challenge. Viewing military command and control through the lens of sociotechnical theory forces us to confront difficult questions about the non-linear nature of people and technology: technology is changing, from platform centric to network centric; the interaction with that technology is changing, from prescribed to exploratory; and complexity is increasing, from behaviour that is linear to that which is emergent. The various chapters look at this transition and draw out ways in which sociotechnical systems theory can help to understand it. The sociotechnical perspective reveals itself as part of a conceptual toolkit through which military command and control can be transitioned, from notions of bureaucratic, hierarchical ways of operating to the devolved, agile, self-synchronising behaviour promised by modern forms of command and control like Network Enabled Capability (NEC). Sociotechnical system theory brings with it a sixty year legacy of practical application and this real-world grounding in business process re-engineering underlies the entire book. An attempt has been made to bring a set of sometimes abstract (but no less useful) principles down to the level of easy examples, design principles, evaluation criteria and actionable models. All of these are based on an extensive review of the current state of the art, new sociotechnical/NEC studies conducted by the authors, and insights derived from field studies of real-life command and control. Time and again, what emerges is a realisation that the most agile, self-synchronising component of all in command and control settings is the human.
Human Factors Issues In Combat Identification
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Author : Robert P Herz
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-09-29
Human Factors Issues In Combat Identification written by Robert P Herz and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This edited book presents an array of approaches on how human factors theory and research addresses the challenges associated with combat identification. Special emphasis is placed on reducing human error that leads to fratricide, which is the unintentional death or injury of friendly personnel by friendly weapons during an enemy engagement. Although fratricide has been a concern since humans first engaged in combat operations, it gained prominence during the Persian Gulf War. To reduce fratricide, advances in technological approaches to enhance combat identification (e.g., Blue Force Tracker) should be coupled with the application of human factors principles to reduce human error. The book brings together a diverse group of authors from academic and military researchers to government contractors and commercial developers to provide a single volume with broad appeal. Human Factors Issues in Combat Identification is intended for the larger human factors community within academia, the military and other organizations that work with the military such as government contractors and commercial developers as well as others interested in combat identification issues including military personnel and policy makers.
Human Factors Research In Command Information Processing Systems
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Author : Seymour Ringel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Human Factors Research In Command Information Processing Systems written by Seymour Ringel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Human information processing categories.
The report describes the scope, rationale, organization, and progress of a command systems research program to provide human factors information needed for performance within complex automated information processing systems. Following a survey of military information processing equipment and operations and future plans for command information processing systems, basic human factors problems were identified and organized around five critical operations--screening incoming data, transforming raw data for input into storage devices, input, assimilation of displayed information, and decision making. A research program was formulated and studies undertaken to yield empirical information about the effects on human performance of (1) characteristics of the information presented (density, amount, etc.); (2) dynamic aspects of information (type, extent, coding of updates); (3) display modes and sensory modalities (group vs individual displays, multisensory displays); and (4) computer aids to the decision process. A Command Systems Laboratory was developed to permit simulation of various TOS functions. Findings have suggested the possibility of reduction in storage capacity requirements, number of displays called from storage during a given operational time period, and time required for the total information assimilation-decision process and supported the incorporation and use of information conspicuity coding capabilities in command systems.
Demand Bibliography
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Demand Bibliography written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Artificial intelligence categories.
Modelling Command And Control
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Author : Neville A. Stanton
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-10-23
Modelling Command And Control written by Neville A. Stanton and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Since its inception, just after the Second World War, Human Factors research has paid special attention to the issues surrounding human control of systems. Command and control environments continue to represent a challenging domain for human factors research. Modelling Command and Control takes a broad view of command and control research, to include C2 (command and control), C3 (command, control and communication), and C4 (command, control, communication and computers) as well as human supervisory control paradigms. The book presents case studies in diverse military applications (for example, land, sea and air) of command and control. The book explores the differences and similarities in the land, sea and air domains; the theoretical and methodological developments, approaches to system and interface design, and the workload and situation awareness issues involved. It places the role of humans as central and distinct from other aspects of the system. Using extensive case study material, Modelling Command and Control demonstrates how the social and technical domains interact, and why each require equal treatment and importance in the future.