Human Footprints Fossilised Locomotion
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Human Footprints Fossilised Locomotion
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Author : Matthew R. Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-08-20
Human Footprints Fossilised Locomotion written by Matthew R. Bennett and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-20 with Science categories.
Human footprints provide some of the most emotive and tangible evidence of our ancestors. They provide evidence of stature, presence, behaviour and in the case of early hominin footprints, evidence with respect to the evolution of human gait and foot anatomy. While human footprint sites are rare in the geological record the number of sites around the World has increased in recent years, along with the analytical tools available for their study. The aim of this book is to provide a definitive review of these recent developments with specific reference to the increased availability of three-dimensional digital elevation models of human tracks at many key sites. The book is divided into eight chapters. Following an introduction the second chapter reviews modern field methods in human ichnology focusing on the development of new analytical tools. The third chapter then reviews the major footprint sites around the World including details on several unpublished examples. Chapters then follow on the role of geology in the formation and preservation of tracks, on the inferences that can be made from human tracks and the final chapter explores the application of this work to forensic science. Audience: This volume will be of interest to researchers and students across a wide range of disciplines – sedimentology, archaeology, forensics and palaeoanthropology.
Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks
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Author : Andreas Pastoors
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021
Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks written by Andreas Pastoors and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Archaeology categories.
This Open Access book explains that after long periods of prehistoric research in which the importance of the archaeological as well as the natural context of rock art has been constantly underestimated, research has now begun to take this context into focus for documentation, analysis, interpretation and understanding. Human footprints are prominent among the long-time under-researched features of the context in caves with rock art. In order to compensate for this neglect an innovative research program has been established several years ago that focuses on the merging of indigenous knowledge and western archaeological science for the benefit of both sides. The book gathers first the methodological diversity in the analysis of human tracks. Here major representatives of anthropological, statistical and traditional approaches feature the multi-layered methods available for the analysis of human tracks. Second it compiles case studies from around the globe of prehistoric human tracks. For the first time, the most important sites which have been found worldwide are published in a single publication. The third focus of this book is on firsthand experiences of researchers with indigenous tracking experts from around the globe, expounding on how archaeological sciencecan benefit from the ancestral knowledge. This book will be of interest to professional archaeologists, graduate students, ecologists, cultural anthropologists and laypeople, especially those focussing on hunting-gathering and pastoralist communities and who appreciate indigenous knowledge.--
Understanding Body Shapes Of Animals
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Author : Holger Preuschoft
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-28
Understanding Body Shapes Of Animals written by Holger Preuschoft and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-28 with Science categories.
This book discusses how and why animals evolved into particular shapes. The book identifies the physical laws which decide over the evolutionary (selective) value of body shape and morphological characters. Comparing the mechanical necessities with morphological details, the author attempts to understand how evolution works, and which sorts of limitations are set by selection. The book explains morphological traits in more biomechanical detail without getting lost in physics, or in methods. Most emphasis is placed on the proximate question, namely the identification of the mechanical stresses which must be sustained by the respective body parts, when they move the body or its parts against resistance. In the first part of the book the focus is on ‘primitive’ animals and later on the emphasis shifts to highly specialized mammals. Readers will learn more about living and fossil animals. A section of the book is dedicated to human evolution but not to produce another evolutionary tree, nor to refine a former one, but to contribute to answering the question: “WHY early humans have developed their particular body shape".
The Trace Fossil Record Of Major Evolutionary Events
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Author : M. Gabriela Mángano
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-11-17
The Trace Fossil Record Of Major Evolutionary Events written by M. Gabriela Mángano and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-17 with Science categories.
This volume addresses major evolutionary changes that took place during the Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. These include discussions on major evolutionary radiations and ecological innovations on land and at sea, such as the Mesozoic marine revolution, the Mesozoic radiation of vertebrates, the Mesozoic lacustrine revolution, the Cenozoic radiation of mammals, the evolution of paleosol biotas, and the evolution of hominins. The roles of mass extinctions at the end of the Triassic and at the end of the Cretaceous are assessed. This volume set provides innovative reviews of the major evolutionary events in the history of life from an ichnologic perspective. Because the long temporal range of trace fossils has been commonly emphasized, biogenic structures have been traditionally overlooked in macroevolution. However, comparisons of ichnofaunas through geologic time do reveal the changing ecology of organism-substrate interactions. The use of trace fossils in evolutionary paleoecology represents a new trend that is opening a window for our understanding of major evolutionary radiations and mass extinctions. Trace fossils provide crucial evidence for the recognition of spatial and temporal patterns and processes associated with paleoecologic breakthroughs.
Digital Technology For Forensic Footwear Analysis And Vertebrate Ichnology
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Author : Matthew R. Bennett
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-25
Digital Technology For Forensic Footwear Analysis And Vertebrate Ichnology written by Matthew R. Bennett and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-25 with Science categories.
“There is no branch of detective science which is so important and so much neglected as the art of tracing footsteps. Happily, I have always laid great stress upon it, and much practice has made it second nature to me.” Sherlock Holmes, Study of Scarlet. Despite the fictional nature of Sherlock Holmes this statement rings true today. The study of footwear is neglected in modern forensic practice and does have much to offer. What it needs is an injection of technology and modern analytical tools. These tools are emerging from the digital revolution currently transforming vertebrate ichnology. Ichnology is the discipline of earth science which focuses on the study of trace fossils such as footprints. This book draws upon both disciplines - geology (ichnology) and forensic science - to show how the two have much to learn from each other especially with regard to the digital capture and analysis of footprints. This book presents field and laboratory methods associated with the collection, analysis and presentation of three-dimensional tracks (footprints) whether from a crime scene or a geological/archaeological excavation. It shows students, researchers and practitioners how to collect and analyse 3D data and take advantage of the digital revolution transforming ichnology. This book is not only essential reading for forensic and earth science students but also for professional forensic practitioners as well as for applied computer scientists developing new tools for visualization and analysis of 3D data. The book forms a natural methods focused complement to the successful text Fossilised Locomotion published by Springer 2014.
Making One S Way In The World
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Author : Martin Bell
language : en
Publisher: Oxbow Books
Release Date : 2020-03-31
Making One S Way In The World written by Martin Bell and has been published by Oxbow Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-31 with Social Science categories.
The book draws on the evidence of landscape archaeology, palaeoenvironmental studies, ethnohistory and animal tracking to address the neglected topic of how we identify and interpret past patterns of movement in the landscape. It challenges the pessimism of previous generations which regarded prehistoric routes such as hollow ways as generally undatable. The premise is that archaeologists tend to focus on sites while neglecting the patterns of habitual movement that made them part of living landscapes. Evidence of past movement is considered in a multi-scalar way from the individual footprint to the long distance path including the traces created in vegetation by animal and human movement. It is argued that routes may be perpetuated over long timescales creating landscape structures which influence the activities of subsequent generations. In other instances radical changes of axes of communication and landscape structures provide evidence of upheaval and social change. Palaeoenvironmental and ethnohistorical evidence from the American North West coast sets the scene with evidence for the effects of burning, animal movement, faeces deposition and transplantation which can create readable routes along which are favoured resources. Evidence from European hunter-gatherer sites hints at similar practices of niche construction on a range of spatial scales. On a local scale, footprints help to establish axes of movement, the locations of lost settlements and activity areas. Wood trackways likewise provide evidence of favoured patterns of movement and past settlement location. Among early farming communities alignments of burial mounds, enclosure entrances and other monuments indicate axes of communication. From the middle Bronze Age in Europe there is more clearly defined evidence of trackways flanked by ditches and fields. Landscape scale survey and excavation enables the dating of trackways using spatial relationships with dated features and many examples indicate long-term continuity of routeways. Where fields flank routeways a range of methods, including scientific approaches, provide dates. Prehistorians have often assumed that Ridgeways provided the main axes of early movement but there is little evidence for their early origins and rather better evidence for early routes crossing topography and providing connections between different environmental zones. The book concludes with a case study of the Weald of South East England which demonstrates that some axes of cross topographic movement used as droveways, and generally considered as early medieval, can be shown to be of prehistoric origin. One reason that dryland routes have proved difficult to recognise is that insufficient attention has been paid to the parts played by riverine and maritime longer distance communication. It is argued that understanding the origins of the paths we use today contributes to appreciation of the distinctive qualities of landscapes. Appreciation will help to bring about effective strategies for conservation of mutual benefit to people and wildlife by maintaining and enhancing corridors of connectivity between different landscape zones including fragmented nature reserves and valued places. In these ways an understanding of past routeways can contribute to sustainable landscapes, communities and quality of life
Tracking Dinosaurs
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Author : M. G. Lockley
language : en
Publisher: CUP Archive
Release Date : 1991-09-27
Tracking Dinosaurs written by M. G. Lockley and has been published by CUP Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-09-27 with Nature categories.
A complete guide to dinosaur tracking. A popular science book on dinosaur footprints and what they reveal about dinosaurs and their habitats.
The Global Phenomenon Of Human Fossil Footprints In Rock
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Author : Aaron Judkins
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2010-02-21
The Global Phenomenon Of Human Fossil Footprints In Rock written by Aaron Judkins and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-21 with Evolution (Biology) categories.
One of the most exciting anthropological evidences found around the world today is the phenomenon of human fossil footprints in rock. The human foot shows some of the most important characteristics of human anatomy.It is most useful to understand why evolution makes the claims it does and then compare it to the evidence.The dating techniques, geologic column, and the history of mankind which evolution has taught are in complete disarray with the empirical evidence. It is imperative that one understands the fallacies of the geologic column and the dating technique used to date rocks and fossils, and the supposed progression from ape to man. Since mainstream science only appreciates the evolutionary concept, the first part of thisbook is dedicated to dispelling this theory. This entails a detailed analysis of the theory of evolution, Darwinism, and the general impact this has had on academia. The second half of this book examines the global phenomenonof human fossil footprints in rock.
Alaska Dinosaurs
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Author : Anthony R. Fiorillo
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-01-02
Alaska Dinosaurs written by Anthony R. Fiorillo and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-02 with Nature categories.
Anthony Fiorillo has been exploring the Arctic since 1998. For him, like many others, the Arctic holds the romance of uncharted territory, extreme conditions, and the inevitable epic challenges that arise. For Fiorillo, however, the Arctic also holds the secrets of the history of life on Earth, and its fossils bring him back field season after field season in pursuit of improving human understanding of ancient history. His studies of the rocks and fossils of the Arctic shed light on a world that once was, and provide insight into what might be.
Clinical Biomechanics In Human Locomotion
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Author : Andrew Horwood
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2023-03-16
Clinical Biomechanics In Human Locomotion written by Andrew Horwood and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Origins and Principles of Clinical Biomechanics in Human Locomotion discusses key concepts of how biomechanics links to the development of pathology through mechanical laws, anatomy, physiology and health. It provides fundamental principles and practical data, and guidance of how to apply these in the clinical biomechanics field. Coverage includes: major joint movement, muscle action around joints, physiology and patho-physiology of bone, muscle and neurologic disorders. This reference is ideal for teaching students in biomechanics, orthopedics and physiotherapy. It should also be of interest to product development engineers, rehabilitation engineers, those working in prosthetics and orthotics, physiotherapists and occupational therapists. The authors explore the simple laws of motion as applied to anatomy and physiology, in order to help readers understand human pathology within the human lower limb and mobility. They then go on to look at materials science concerns within this field, such as engineering stresses and strains, principles and types of material properties and the shaping of structural properties. Readers will also find within this book information on tissue science, force generation, biological sciences, evolution in biomechanics, human gait, functional units of the lower limb and foot, and finally pathomechanical principles; all as applied to clinical biomechanics. Bridges the void between research biomechanics and clinically applied biomechanics Links human locomotive biomechanics to medicine, physiology and evolutionary anatomy and medicine Prepares students, bioengineers and clinicians for the reality of utilizing biomechanical principles in clinical practice, while informing researchers of the environment limits that most clinical biomechanics practice occurs in