Human Gait Simulation Using Motion Generation Methods From Robotics
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Human Gait Simulation Using Motion Generation Methods From Robotics
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Author : Melya Boukheddimi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Human Gait Simulation Using Motion Generation Methods From Robotics written by Melya Boukheddimi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The human body is a complex system made of more than 600 muscles, which contribute to the actuation of more than 200 Degrees of Freedom (DoFs) [35]. It is therefore a highly redundant system for most kinematic tasks. Many authors have suggested that the central nervous system does not independently control in real-time each muscle and DoFs [54]. Though the high number of muscles and DoFs makes motor control problems difficult, it offers high adaptation capabilities to the body for executing multiple tasks simultaneously when necessary [54]. Among the tasks that require a high level of motor coordination, bipedal gait is a crucial one. The bipedal gait is the natural means of human locomotion. Despite the fact that this movement is quite stereotyped across individuals, it is still unclear how the central nervous system coordinates the complex musculo-skeletal system for gait generation, and how the different sequences of the gait cycle are regulated. In order to address these issues, we proposed to simulate the human-like gait using a simplified model of poly- articulated rigid bodies (3D whole-body skeletal model including 42 degrees of freedom), on which we applied two different motion generation methods. Hence, this thesis is part of the human-like gait generation problem, using motion generation methods from robotics. The first contribution shows that controlling only a small set of adequately selected tasks is sufficient to closely reproduce the human gait kinematics. To this aim, a Hierarchical task controller is applied to the whole-body model with only 3 hierarchical tasks, to generate nine different human-like gaits. The analysis of the simulated gaits shows the emergence of significant human-like properties in walking. In order to validate our results, a comparison between the simulated and human reference joint rotations is conducted. In the end, a discussion is given to illustrate the interest of this approach comparing to related works.The second contribution is based on the well-known hypothesis that human motion is the result of an optimization process. We consider a reduced set of criteria, which seem to be optimized during the human gait, taken from the observation of human walking and the study of the related literature. Direct Optimal Control based on the Differential Dynamic Programming algorithm is applied following these criteria with the whole-body model to generate nine different walking motions. The simulated walking motions are then analyzed and compared to the human reference to show the quality of the gait generation process. The interest of this optimization approach for human-like motion generation is finally discussed. Finally, a comparison between the two methods from robotics is presented and discussed, involving an analysis of the obtained movements' quality.
Modeling Simulation And Optimization Of Bipedal Walking
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Author : Katja Mombaur
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-02-28
Modeling Simulation And Optimization Of Bipedal Walking written by Katja Mombaur and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-28 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The model-based investigation of motions of anthropomorphic systems is an important interdisciplinary research topic involving specialists from many fields such as Robotics, Biomechanics, Physiology, Orthopedics, Psychology, Neurosciences, Sports, Computer Graphics and Applied Mathematics. This book presents a study of basic locomotion forms such as walking and running is of particular interest due to the high demand on dynamic coordination, actuator efficiency and balance control. Mathematical models and numerical simulation and optimization techniques are explained, in combination with experimental data, which can help to better understand the basic underlying mechanisms of these motions and to improve them. Example topics treated in this book are Modeling techniques for anthropomorphic bipedal walking systems Optimized walking motions for different objective functions Identification of objective functions from measurements Simulation and optimization approaches for humanoid robots Biologically inspired control algorithms for bipedal walking Generation and deformation of natural walking in computer graphics Imitation of human motions on humanoids Emotional body language during walking Simulation of biologically inspired actuators for bipedal walking machines Modeling and simulation techniques for the development of prostheses Functional electrical stimulation of walking.
Modeling And Control For Efficient Bipedal Walking Robots
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Author : Vincent Duindam
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-01-17
Modeling And Control For Efficient Bipedal Walking Robots written by Vincent Duindam and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major tra- formation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about bythematurityofthe?eldandtheadvancesinitsrelatedtechnologies.From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities,providingsupportinservices,entertainment,education,heal- care, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across - verse researchareas and scienti?c disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are pr- ing an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the ?eld of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their signi?cance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing ?eld.
Modeling Of Human Movement For The Generation Of Humanoid Robot Motion
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Author : Manish Narsipura Sreenivasa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Modeling Of Human Movement For The Generation Of Humanoid Robot Motion written by Manish Narsipura Sreenivasa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Humanoid robotics is coming of age with faster and more agile robots. To compliment the physical complexity of humanoid robots, the robotics algorithms being developed to derive their motion have also become progressively complex. The work in this thesis spans across two research fields, human neuroscience and humanoid robotics, and brings some ideas from the former to aid the latter. By exploring the anthropological link between the structure of a human and that of a humanoid robot we aim to guide conventional robotics methods like local optimization and task-based inverse kinematics towards more realistic human-like solutions. First, we look at dynamic manipulation of human hand trajectories while playing with a yoyo. By recording human yoyo playing, we identify the control scheme used as well as a detailed dynamic model of the hand-yoyo system. Using optimization this model is then used to implement stable yoyo-playing within the kinematic and dynamic limits of the humanoid HRP-2. The thesis then extends its focus to human and humanoid locomotion. We take inspiration from human neuroscience research on the role of the head in human walking and implement a humanoid robotics analogy to this. By allowing a user to steer the head of a humanoid, we develop a control method to generate deliberative whole-body humanoid motion including stepping, purely as a consequence of the head movement. This idea of understanding locomotion as a consequence of reaching a goal is extended in the final study where we look at human motion in more detail. Here, we aim to draw to a link between “invariants” in neuroscience and “kinematic tasks” in humanoid robotics. We record and extract stereotypical characteristics of human movements during a walking and grasping task. These results are then normalized and generalized such that they can be regenerated for other anthropomorphic figures with different kinematic limits than that of humans. The final experiments show a generalized stack of tasks that can generate realistic walking and grasping motion for the humanoid HRP-2. The general contribution of this thesis is in showing that while motion planning for humanoid robots can be tackled by classical methods of robotics, the production of realistic movements necessitate the combination of these methods with the systematic and formal observation of human behavior.
Bipedal Robots
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Author : Christine Chevallereau
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-03-01
Bipedal Robots written by Christine Chevallereau and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents various techniques to carry out the gait modeling, the gait patterns synthesis, and the control of biped robots. Some general information on the human walking, a presentation of the current experimental biped robots, and the application of walking bipeds are given. The modeling is based on the decomposition on a walking step into different sub-phases depending on the way each foot stands into contact on the ground. The robot design is dealt with according to the mass repartition and the choice of the actuators. Different ways to generate walking patterns are considered, such as passive walking and gait synthesis performed using optimization technique. Control based on the robot modeling, neural network methods, or intuitive approaches are presented. The unilaterality of contact is dealt with using on-line adaptation of the desired motion.
Interfacing Humans And Robots For Gait Assistance And Rehabilitation
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Author : Carlos A. Cifuentes
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-09-16
Interfacing Humans And Robots For Gait Assistance And Rehabilitation written by Carlos A. Cifuentes and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The concepts represented in this textbook are explored for the first time in assistive and rehabilitation robotics, which is the combination of physical, cognitive, and social human-robot interaction to empower gait rehabilitation and assist human mobility. The aim is to consolidate the methodologies, modules, and technologies implemented in lower-limb exoskeletons, smart walkers, and social robots when human gait assistance and rehabilitation are the primary targets. This book presents the combination of emergent technologies in healthcare applications and robotics science, such as soft robotics, force control, novel sensing methods, brain-computer interfaces, serious games, automatic learning, and motion planning. From the clinical perspective, case studies are presented for testing and evaluating how those robots interact with humans, analyzing acceptance, perception, biomechanics factors, and physiological mechanisms of recovery during the robotic assistance or therapy. Interfacing Humans and Robots for Gait Assistance and Rehabilitation will enable undergraduate and graduate students of biomedical engineering, rehabilitation engineering, robotics, and health sciences to understand the clinical needs, technology, and science of human-robot interaction behind robotic devices for rehabilitation, and the evidence and implications related to the implementation of those devices in actual therapy and daily life applications.
Modeling And Designing Bipedal Walking Robot
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Author : Ashish Thakur
language : en
Publisher: Independently Published
Release Date : 2018-10-07
Modeling And Designing Bipedal Walking Robot written by Ashish Thakur and has been published by Independently Published this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-07 with Education categories.
A humanoid robot is a robot with its body shape built to resemble the human body. The design may be for functional purposes, such as interacting with human tools and environments, for experimental purposes, such as the study of al locomotion or for other purposes. In general, humanoid robots have a torso, a head, two arms, and two legs, though some forms of humanoid robots may model only part of the body, for example, from the waist up. Some humanoid robot also have heads designed to replicate human facial features such as eyes and mouths. Androids are humanoid robots built to aesthetically resemble humans. It is easier for bipedal robots to exist in a human oriented environment than for other types of robots. Furthermore, dynamic walking is more efficient than static walking. For a biped robot achieve dynamic balance while walking, a dynamic gait must be developed. Two different approaches to gait generation are presented
Design And Gait Synthesis For A 3d Lower Body Humanoid
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Author : Safwan Choudhury
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Design And Gait Synthesis For A 3d Lower Body Humanoid written by Safwan Choudhury and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Bipedal locomotion is a challenging control engineering problem due to the non-linear dynamics and postural instability of the bipedal form. In addition to these challenges, some dynamical effects such as the ground reaction force are difficult to model accurately in simulation. To this end, it is essential to develop physical hardware to validate walking control strategies and gait generation methods. This thesis develops an on-line walking control strategy for humanoid robots and the electromechanical design of a physical platform for experimental validation. The first part of the thesis presents the development of a 14 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) lower body humanoid robot. The initial electromechanical design of the proposed system is derived from dynamic modeling of a general multibody system. Kinematic trajectories for the lower body joints are extracted from motion captured human gait data to form the preliminary design specifications. The drivetrain components are selected by analyzing the mechanical power requirements, torque-speed profiles, efficiency and thermal characteristics of actuators. The supporting mechanical chassis and power transmission system are designed to raise the center-of-mass (to reduce the swinging inertia of each leg) while minimizing the overall weight of the system. Refining the design of a complex multibody robotic system like the biped is an iterative process. The mechanical model of the system is transferred from Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) software to a dynamic simulator for analysis and the design is revised to improve performance. This iterative approach is necessary as small changes in the mechanical model can have significant impact on the overall dynamics of the system as well as implications for control design. A streamlined prototyping toolchain is developed in this thesis to extract the relevant kinematic/dynamic parameters of a mechanical system in CAD and automatically generate the equivalent system in a dynamic simulator. This toolchain is used to revise the electromechanical design and generate forward dynamics simulations. The second portion of this thesis develops a novel walking control strategy for on-line gait synthesis for 3D bipedal robots based on Wight's Foot Placement Estimator (FPE) algorithm. This algorithm is used to determine the desired swing foot position on the ground to \emph{restore} balance for a 2D bipedal robot. The FPE algorithm is extended to the general 3D case by selecting a suitable plane in the desired direction of motion. Complete gait cycles are formed by combining a finite state machine with the 2D FPE solution along the selected plane. Gait initiation is accomplished by computing state-dependent task space trajectories on-line to produce a forward momentum along the selected plane. A whole-body motion control framework (Jacobian-based prioritized task space control scheme) tracks the task space trajectories and generates the appropriate joint level command for each state. The joint level commands are tracked by local high gain PD controllers. This framework produces the desired whole-body motion during each state while satisfying higher priority constraints. Gait termination is accomplished by controlling the swing foot position to track the FPE point on the ground along the selected plane. The proposed control strategy is verified in simulation and experiments. A parallel hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing environment is developed for the physical lower body humanoid robot. The motion control framework and joint dynamics used in the proposed walking control strategy are verified through HIL experiments.
Biped Robots
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Author : Armando Carlos De Pina Filho
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2011-02-04
Biped Robots written by Armando Carlos De Pina Filho and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-02-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Biped robots represent a very interesting research subject, with several particularities and scope topics, such as: mechanical design, gait simulation, patterns generation, kinematics, dynamics, equilibrium, stability, kinds of control, adaptability, biomechanics, cybernetics, and rehabilitation technologies. We have diverse problems related to these topics, making the study of biped robots a very complex subject, and many times the results of researches are not totally satisfactory. However, with scientific and technological advances, based on theoretical and experimental works, many researchers have collaborated in the evolution of the biped robots design, looking for to develop autonomous systems, as well as to help in rehabilitation technologies of human beings. Thus, this book intends to present some works related to the study of biped robots, developed by researchers worldwide.
Humanoid Robots
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Author : Ben Choi
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2009-01-01
Humanoid Robots written by Ben Choi and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Humanoid robots are developed to use the infrastructures designed for humans, to ease the interactions with humans, and to help the integrations into human societies. The developments of humanoid robots proceed from building individual robots to establishing societies of robots working alongside with humans. This book addresses the problems of constructing a humanoid body and mind from generating walk patterns and balance maintenance to encoding and specifying humanoid motions and the control of eye and head movements for focusing attention on moving objects. It provides methods for learning motor skills and for language acquisition and describes how to generate facial movements for expressing various emotions and provides methods for decision making and planning. This book discusses the leading researches and challenges in building humanoid robots in order to prepare for the near future when human societies will be advanced by using humanoid robots.