Human Oocytes And Their Chromosomes
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Human Oocytes And Their Chromosomes
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Author : B.-M. Uebele-Kallhardt
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Human Oocytes And Their Chromosomes written by B.-M. Uebele-Kallhardt and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
The last decade has seen remarkable advances in human ge netics. Once the correct chromosome number of the human genome was ascertained, a wide variety of diseases was rec ognized as due to numerical chromosome anomalies. There followed the discovery that spontaneous abortions are the result of chromosome errors, and specific band patterns of chromosomes allowed identification of minute lesions. The techniques of cell hybridization now allow specific gene assign ment to chromosomes and even to distinct loci on their arms. All this was possible because of the ease with which metaphase chromosomes can be obtained and manipulated. The much older technique of analysis of meiotic chromosomes has taken a back seat in this exciting era. Being much less readily accessi ble, spermatogonial analysis is much less frequently under taken and is less successful. Even more difficult for study is the female meiotic process. Not only is meiosis extraordinar ily long, spanning from before birth to ovulation, the tech niques for its study and the patience required for detailed inquiry have been significant obstacles. At the same time, the suspicion that female meiotic analysis should not only be rewarding but that it may be mandatory has been with us ever since it was recognized that a positive correlation exists between chromosomal nondisjunction and maternal age. Before the intricacies of chromosomal behavior that are re sponsible for nondisjunction are understood, however, it is necessary that we comprehend the normalcy of the process.
Stem Cells In Reproductive Medicine
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Author : Carlos Simón
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-07-04
Stem Cells In Reproductive Medicine written by Carlos Simón and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-04 with Medical categories.
Stem cell science has the potential to impact human reproductive medicine significantly - cutting edge technologies allow the production and regeneration of viable gametes from human stem cells offering potential to preciously infertile patients. Written by leading experts in the field Stem Cells in Reproductive Medicine brings together chapters on the genetics and epigenetics of both the male and female gametes as well as advice on the production and regeneration of gene cells in men and women, trophoblasts and endometrium from human embryonic and adult stem cells. Although focussing mainly on the practical elements of the use of stem cells in reproductive medicine, the book also contains a section on new developments in stem cell research. The book is essential reading for reproductive medicine clinicians, gynecologists and embryologists who want to keep abreast of practical developments in this rapidly developing field.
Biology And Pathology Of The Oocyte
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Author : Alan O. Trounson
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2003-07-10
Biology And Pathology Of The Oocyte written by Alan O. Trounson and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-07-10 with Medical categories.
The human oocyte or egg is the rarest and most rapidly ageing cell in the body, and yet one that is essential for fertility. This book is about the development, biology and pathology of the oocyte, and new technologies to manipulate, enhance, and control fertility. These technologies are paving the way for overcoming infertility, avoiding inherited diseases, and creating genetically engineered animals from embryo stem cells and cloning. This progress would have been impossible without the myriad of scientific and technical developments covered in this book, including the ability to manipulate and fertilize oocytes in vitro. World-leading experts have contributed to the first book for many years on basic and applied science of the egg, its clinical manipulation, and its pivotal role in reproductive medicine and biology. It will be an essential reference for scientists and clinicians in reproductive medicine and animal breeding technology, and everyone involved in treating infertility.
Molecular Biology Of The Cell
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Author : Bruce Alberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Cytology categories.
Chromosomal Complements In Human Immature And Mature Oocytes In Relation To Maternal Age
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Author : Wagdan Alenizy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Chromosomal Complements In Human Immature And Mature Oocytes In Relation To Maternal Age written by Wagdan Alenizy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
"Numerical chromosome abnormalities significantly contribute to the high incidence of spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, and live births with congenital defects. The vast majority of these abnormalities are maternally related and attributed to meiotic errors occurring during oogenesis. The clinical relevance of these errors, the contribution to the overall rate of chromosome abnormalities, and the association with advanced maternal age are well documented. Maternally related chromosome abnormalities can also be attributed to errors occurring prior to meiosis. Select studies have estimated the incidence of pre-meiotic mitotic errors, though the prevalence, clinical relevance, and association with maternal age remain unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the incidence of pre-meiotic mitotic errors in human immature and mature oocytes derived from women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) treatment cycles in relation to maternal age. FISH-based analysis for chromosomes most frequently involved in pregnancy loss (13, 15, 16, 18, 21, 22, and X) was applied to analyze the chromosomal complements in human oocytes. We pioneered a method in developing and validating the FISH signals scoring criteria of chromosomally normal immature oocytes at different maturation stages (in relation to maternal age) by plotting histograms of FISH signals per tested chromosome. These distributions allowed us to determine the possibility of sample variation, as well as confirmed our FISH signals scoring criteria for chromosomally normal oocytes. The overall rates of chromosomally normal immature oocytes at all different maturation stages were comparable between both maternal age groups, suggesting that pre-meiotic mitotic errors are not maternal-age dependent. We re-analyzed the data to estimate the incidence of chromosomally normal immature oocytes at the different maturation stages (in relation to maternal age) when each patient donated "sibling oocytes" for eliminating patient bias. These results confirmed that pre-meiotic mitotic errors are not associated with maternal age. Our findings indicate that the incidence of pre-meiotic mitotic errors in human mature oocytes with the corresponding first polar bodies in relation to maternal age is considerably low compared to first meiotic errors. As previously reported, the overall rate of first meiotic errors is directly related to maternal age. Our data suggest that although the contribution of pre-meiotic mitotic errors to the overall rate of maternally related chromosome abnormalities is relatively low, consequences of these errors have clinical relevance to human fertility, at least in our study population. " --
Chromosomes From Oocytes Zygotes And Human Spermatozoa
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1988
Chromosomes From Oocytes Zygotes And Human Spermatozoa written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with categories.
Analysis Of Human Aurora C Kinase Variants In Oocyte Meiosis
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Author : Jessica Fellmeth
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Analysis Of Human Aurora C Kinase Variants In Oocyte Meiosis written by Jessica Fellmeth and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Ovum categories.
The birth of a healthy child is often a priority for couples, yet many couples will unfortunately suffer from infertility. Aneuploidy is the leading genetic abnormality that causes infertility. Aneuploidies in sperm and eggs arise from errors during chromosome segregation in meiosis. Though many of the critical players are known and mutants characterized, the regulatory components involved in directing accurate chromosome segregation are still not entirely clear. Aurora kinase C is one of the critial players in chromosomes segregation in meiosis and in this thesis, I establish the use of Aurkc-/- mouse oocytes as an effective model for studying human AURKC ex vivo. By comparing the rescue of the knockout phenotype when hAURKC and mAURKC are expressed in the oocytes, I show that hAURKC functions similarly in female meiosis as does mAURKC. I also characterized three splice variants of hAURKC in this model after establishing their simultaneous expression in human oocytes. The three splice variants have different abilities and stabilities in meiosis, but promote optimal chromosome segregation when expressed simultaneously during oocyte meiosis. Finally, I used the verified model to characterize the phenotype of three sterility-associated mutations in human AURKC. I show through functional assays that the three mutations have differing abilities in meiosis, but all result in a loss of function of the AURKC-CPC, which causes meiotic arrest and polyploid gametes. This work contributes to the field of reproductive biology by providing a tractable model for studying human AURKC and for further analysis of mutants and variants.
Gametes The Oocyte
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Author : Jurgis Gediminas Grudzinskas
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1995-07-28
Gametes The Oocyte written by Jurgis Gediminas Grudzinskas and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-07-28 with Medical categories.
This volume, and its companion volume on the spermatozoon, provide an authoritative and wide ranging account of the gametes and their reproductive role and function in humans. Acknowledged authorities from around the world contribute a detailed and timely account of the oocyte. The volume starts with an evolutionary perspective before focusing on the molecular and cellular biology of the oocyte and its structure and function. The development and maturation of the oocyte is fully dealt with to include the endocrine and paracrine regulation of ovarian function. Practical issues such as oocyte storage and ovarian stimulation are also fully covered. The causes of female infertility are also an important theme. The volume concludes with a thought provoking chapter on ethical considerations. The volume will be an essential source of information for all clinicians and scientists with an interest in human reproduction.
Textbook Of Human Reproductive Genetics
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Author : Stéphane Viville
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2022-12-31
Textbook Of Human Reproductive Genetics written by Stéphane Viville and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-31 with Medical categories.
This book combines genetics, reproductive biology and medicine for an integrative view of the emerging specialism of reproductive genetics.
Chromosome Studies In First Polar Bodies From Hamster And Human Oocytes
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Author : Mercè Durban
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
Chromosome Studies In First Polar Bodies From Hamster And Human Oocytes written by Mercè Durban and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.