Hume S Problem Solved
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Hume S Problem Solved
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Author : Gerhard Schurz
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2019-05-07
Hume S Problem Solved written by Gerhard Schurz and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-07 with Philosophy categories.
A new approach to Hume's problem of induction that justifies the optimality of induction at the level of meta-induction. Hume's problem of justifying induction has been among epistemology's greatest challenges for centuries. In this book, Gerhard Schurz proposes a new approach to Hume's problem. Acknowledging the force of Hume's arguments against the possibility of a noncircular justification of the reliability of induction, Schurz demonstrates instead the possibility of a noncircular justification of the optimality of induction, or, more precisely, of meta-induction (the application of induction to competing prediction models). Drawing on discoveries in computational learning theory, Schurz demonstrates that a regret-based learning strategy, attractivity-weighted meta-induction, is predictively optimal in all possible worlds among all prediction methods accessible to the epistemic agent. Moreover, the a priori justification of meta-induction generates a noncircular a posteriori justification of object induction. Taken together, these two results provide a noncircular solution to Hume's problem. Schurz discusses the philosophical debate on the problem of induction, addressing all major attempts at a solution to Hume's problem and describing their shortcomings; presents a series of theorems, accompanied by a description of computer simulations illustrating the content of these theorems (with proofs presented in a mathematical appendix); and defends, refines, and applies core insights regarding the optimality of meta-induction, explaining applications in neighboring disciplines including forecasting sciences, cognitive science, social epistemology, and generalized evolution theory. Finally, Schurz generalizes the method of optimality-based justification to a new strategy of justification in epistemology, arguing that optimality justifications can avoid the problems of justificatory circularity and regress.
Hume S Problem
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Author : Colin Howson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2000
Hume S Problem written by Colin Howson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Philosophy categories.
This volume offers a solution to one of the central, unsolved problems of Western philosophy, that of induction. It explores the implications of Hume's argument that successful prediction tells us nothing about the truth of the predicting theory.
The Problem Of Induction And Its Solution
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Author : Jerrold J. Katz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1968
The Problem Of Induction And Its Solution written by Jerrold J. Katz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1968 with categories.
Hume And The Problem Of Miracles A Solution
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Author : M.P. Levine
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Hume And The Problem Of Miracles A Solution written by M.P. Levine and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
This book developed from sections of my doctoral dissertation, "The Possibility of Religious Knowledge: Causation, Coherentism and Foundationalism," Brown University, 1982. However, it actually had its beginnings much earlier when, as an undergraduate at the University of Virginia, I first read Hume's "Of Miracles" and became interested in it. (Fascinated would be too strong. ) My teacher put the following marginal comment in a paper I wrote about it: "Suppose someone told you that they had been impregnated by an angel whispering into their ear. Wouldn't you think they had gone dotty?" She had spent time in England. I thought about it. I agreed that I would not have believed such testimony, but did not think this had much to do with Hume's argument against belief in miracles. What surprised me even more was the secondary literature. I became convinced that Hume's argument was misunderstood. My main thesis is established in Part I. This explains Hume's argument against justified belief in miracles and shows how it follows from, and is intrinsically connected with, his more general metaphysics. Part II Part I. It should give the reader a more complete understanding builds on of both the structure of Hume's argument and of his crucial and questionable premises. Chapters 5 and 11 are perhaps the most technical in the book, but they are also the least necessary. They can be skipped by the reader who is only interested in Hume on miracles.
Hume S Problem
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Author : Colin Howson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Hume S Problem written by Colin Howson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Induction (Logic) categories.
Hume S Problems With Induction
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Author : Avi Sion
language : en
Publisher: Avi Sion
Release Date : 2008-04-15
Hume S Problems With Induction written by Avi Sion and has been published by Avi Sion this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Philosophy categories.
Hume’s Problems with Induction is intended to describe and refute some of the main doubts and objections David Hume raised with regard to inductive reasoning. It replaces the so-called problem of induction with a principle of induction.
Hume S Theory Of Imagination
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Author : Jan Wilbanks
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Hume S Theory Of Imagination written by Jan Wilbanks and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Philosophy categories.
The present work is, as its title indicates, a study of Hume's theory of imagination. Naturally, it is a study of a particular sort. It has a certain scope and limitations, takes a certain line of approach, exhibits certain emphases, has certain ends-in-view, etc. As an initial step in specifying the nature of this study, I shall indicate its central problem, i. e. , that problem to the solution of which the solutions of the various other problems with which it is concerned are merely means. The central problem of this study is that of determining how Hume's theory of im agination is related to, or involved in, the generic features and main lines of argument of his philosophy of the human understanding. The expression "philosophy of the human understanding" is obvious to allude to a restriction on the scope of this investigation. ly intended Actually, it is a title suggested to me by two of Hume's philosophical writings; and to anyone who is even modestly acquainted with these writings, its reference should be no mystery. Hume published the first two so-called "Books" of his A Treatise of Human Nature in 1739. The first of these two Books was entitled "Of the Human Understanding. " Nine years later, he published a work under the title, An Enquiry Con cerning Human Understanding.
Justification Of Induction By Inference To Lesser Coincidence
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Author : Daniel Jonathan Elstein
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University
Release Date : 2011
Justification Of Induction By Inference To Lesser Coincidence written by Daniel Jonathan Elstein and has been published by Stanford University this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
I begin by identifying David Hume's problem of induction. Hume argues that induction cannot be justified by a priori reasoning, because the failure of induction does not imply contradiction, or by a posteriori reasoning, because reasoning that the unobserved will resemble the observed based on observation would be circular. Hume concludes that induction cannot be justified by any reasoning. The principle that nature is uniform cannot be established without assuming that nature is uniform. But many paradigmatic instances of induction can be justified in terms of something weaker than the principle that nature is uniform, namely a form of reasoning I call "inference to lesser coincidence". This form of reasoning is meant to incorporate traditional formulations of the justification of induction expressed in terms of inference to the best explanation, statistical sampling, and Bayesian reasoning. My version of the argument is as follows: The conditional, time-invariant proposition that vast regularities in progress are likely to continue somewhat further is either true or false. If false, then the regularities we have observed are colossally coincidental. If true, they are far less coincidental. Therefore the proposition is probably true. If, in fact, vast regularities in progress are likely to continue, this has application to specific cases, such as the possibility that the Sun will rise again. I respond to three objections, which claim that time-restricted laws lessen the coincidence of observed regularities without making it likely that the Sun will rise again, that the "sample" of observed events might be biased, and that a zero prior probability assignment for dependence might be justified. I conclude by discussing the meaning of 'cause'.
Hume S Problem
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Author : Colin Howson
language : en
Publisher: Clarendon Press
Release Date : 2000-11-02
Hume S Problem written by Colin Howson and has been published by Clarendon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-02 with Philosophy categories.
Colin Howson offers a solution to one of the central, unsolved problems of Western philosophy, the problem of induction. In the mid-eighteenth century David Hume argued that successful prediction tells us nothing about the truth of the predicting theory. No matter how many experimental tests a hypothesis passes, nothing can be legitimately inferred about its truth or probable truth. But physical theory routinely predicts the values of observable magnitudes to many small places of decimals and within very small ranges of error. The chance of this sort of predictive success without a true theory seems so remote that the possibility should be dismissed. This suggests that Hume's argument must be wrong; but there is still no consensus on where exactly this flaw lies. Howson argues that there is no flaw, and examines the implications of this disturbing conclusion for relation between science and its empirical base.
Cognition And Commitment In Hume S Philosophy
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Author : Don Garrett
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2002-11-28
Cognition And Commitment In Hume S Philosophy written by Don Garrett and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-11-28 with Philosophy categories.
It is widely believed that Hume often wrote carelessly and contradicted himself, and that no unified, sound philosophy emerges from his writings. Don Garrett demonstrates that such criticisms of Hume are without basis. Offering fresh and trenchant solutions to longstanding problems in Hume studies, Garrett's penetrating analysis also makes clear the continuing relevance of Hume's philosophy.