Humean Laws For Human Agents

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Humean Laws For Human Agents

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Author : Michael Townsen Hicks
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-05-17

Humean Laws For Human Agents written by Michael Townsen Hicks and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-17 with Science categories.

Humean Laws for Human Agents presents cutting-edge research by leading experts on the Humean account of laws, chance, possibility, and necessity. A central question in metaphysics and philosophy of science is: What are laws of nature? Humeans hold that laws are not sui generis metaphysical entities but merely particularly effective summaries of what actually happens. The most discussed recent work on Humeanism emphasizes the laws' usefulness for limited agents and uses pragmatic considerations to address fundamental and long-standing problems. The current volume develops and critically examines pragmatic Humean accounts, with innovative new work on the epistemology of laws and chance, the problem of induction, counterfactuals, special science laws, and a Humean account of essence. Taken together, the papers provide a roadmap for developing pragmatic Humeanism and connate views, setting the agenda for future research.

How Hume And Kant Reconstruct Natural Law

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Author : Kenneth R. Westphal
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-04-07

How Hume And Kant Reconstruct Natural Law written by Kenneth R. Westphal and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-07 with Philosophy categories.

Kenneth R. Westphal presents an original interpretation of Hume's and Kant's moral philosophies, the differences between which are prominent in current philosophical accounts. Westphal argues that focussing on these differences, however, occludes a decisive, shared achievement: a distinctive constructivist method to identify basic moral principles and to justify their strict objectivity, without invoking moral realism nor moral anti-realism or irrealism. Their constructivism is based on Hume's key insight that 'though the laws of justice are artificial, they are not arbitrary'. Arbitrariness in basic moral principles is avoided by starting with fundamental problems of social coördination which concern outward behaviour and physiological needs; basic principles of justice are artificial because solving those problems does not require appeal to moral realism (nor to moral anti-realism). Instead, moral cognitivism is preserved by identifying sufficient justifying reasons, which can be addressed to all parties, for the minimum sufficient legitimate principles and institutions required to provide and protect basic forms of social coördination (including verbal behaviour). Hume first develops this kind of constructivism for basic property rights and for government. Kant greatly refines Hume's construction of justice within his 'metaphysical principles of justice', whilst preserving the core model of Hume's innovative constructivism. Hume's and Kant's constructivism avoids the conventionalist and relativist tendencies latent if not explicit in contemporary forms of moral constructivism.

Naturalism Beyond The Limits Of Science

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Author : Emery
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2023-06-27

Naturalism Beyond The Limits Of Science written by Emery and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-27 with Philosophy categories.

Philosophers and scientists both ask questions about what the world is like. How do these fields interact with one another? How should they? Naturalism Beyond the Limits of Science investigates an approach to these questions called methodological naturalism. According to methodological naturalism, when coming up with theories about what the world is like, philosophers should, whenever possible, make use of the same methodology that is deployed by scientists. Although many contemporary philosophers have implicit commitments that lead straightforwardly to methodological naturalism, few have a clear understanding of how widespread and disruptive methodological naturalism promises to be for the field. By way of a series of case studies involving laws of nature, composition, time and modality, and drawing on historical and contemporary scientific developments including the discovery of the neutrino, the introduction of dark energy, and the advent of relativity theory, this book demonstrates the ways in which scientists rely on extra-empirical reasoning and how that very same extra-empirical reasoning can yield surprising results when applied to philosophical debates. Along the way, Nina Emery's investigation illuminates the complex relationship between philosophy and the sciences, and makes the case that philosophers and scientists alike would benefit from a greater understanding of the connections between the two fields.

Agency And Action

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Author : John Hyman
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-11-15

Agency And Action written by John Hyman and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-11-15 with Law categories.

One of the most exciting developments in philosophy in the last fifty years is the resurgence in the philosophy of action. The concept of action now occupies a central place in ethics, metaphysics and jurisprudence. This collection of original essays, by some of the most astute and influential philosophers working in this area, covers the entire range of the philosophy of action. Topics covered include the nature of actions themselves; how the concepts of act, agent, cause and event are related to each other; self-knowledge, emotion, autonomy and freedom in human life; and the place of the concept of action in criminal law. The volume concludes with a major essay by one of America's leading authorities in the philosophy of law on 'the 3.5 billion dollar question': was the destruction of the World Trade Center one event or two?

Understanding Human Agency

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Author : Erasmus Mayr
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2011-09-15

Understanding Human Agency written by Erasmus Mayr and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-15 with Philosophy categories.

Our self-understanding as human agents includes a commitment to three crucial claims about human agency: that agents must be active, that actions are part of the natural order of the universe, and that intentional actions can be explained by the agent's reasons for acting. While all of these claims are indispensable elements of our view of ourselves as human agents, they are in continuous conflict and tension with one another, especially once one adopts the currently predominant view of what the natural order must be like. One of the central tasks of philosophy of action consists in showing how, despite appearances, these conflicts can be resolved and our self-understanding as agents be vindicated. The mainstream of contemporary philosophy of action holds that this task can only be fulfilled by an event-causal reductive view of human agency, paradigmatically embodied in the so-called 'standard model' developed by Donald Davidson. Erasmus Mayr, in contrast, develops a new agent-causal solution to these conflicts and shows why this solution is superior both to event-causalist accounts and to Von Wright's intentionalism about agency. He offers a comprehensive theory of substance-causation on the basis of a realist conception of powers, which allows one to see how the widespread rejection of agent-causation rests on an unfounded 'Humean' view of nature and of causal processes. At the same time, Mayr addresses the question of the nature of reasons for acting and complements its substance-causal account of activity with a non-causal account of acting for reasons in terms of following a standard of success.

Recasting Hume And Early Modern Philosophy

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Author : Paul Russell
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2021-07-13

Recasting Hume And Early Modern Philosophy written by Paul Russell and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-13 with Philosophy categories.

In this collection of essays, philosopher Paul Russell addresses major figures and central topics of the history of early modern philosophy. Most of these essays are studies on the philosophy of David Hume, one of the great figures in the history of philosophy. One central theme, connecting many of the essays, concerns Hume's fundamental irreligious intentions. Russell argues that a proper appreciation of the significance of Hume's irreligious concerns, which runs through his whole philosophy, serves to discredit the deeply entrenched framework for understanding Hume - and much of early modern philosophy - in terms of the idea of "British Empiricism". In a substantive introduction, Russell outlines how his various insights overlap and connect to each other. The volume is organized thematically into five sections: metaphysics, free will, ethics, religion, and general interpretations of Hume's philosophy. The collection also features a previously unpublished essay on Hume's atheism and an essay on Adam Smith's views on religion and ethics that has not been previously published in English. Recasting Hume and Early Modern Philosophy presents the reader with Russell's substantial and significant set of interconnected observations and insights on the matters and figures of the greatest importance in early modern philosophy. These essays not only provide different and original perspectives on the subject, they also show that the various issues addressed are very relevant to each other, as well as to a number of major topics in contemporary philosophy.

The Role Of Customary Law In Sustainable Development

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Author : Peter Orebech
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005

The Role Of Customary Law In Sustainable Development written by Peter Orebech and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Law categories.

For many nations, a key challenge is how to achieve sustainable development without a return to centralized planning. Using case studies from Greenland, Hawaii and northern Norway, this 2006 book examines whether 'bottom-up' systems such as customary law can play a critical role in achieving viable systems for managing natural resources. Customary law consists of underlying social norms that may become the acknowledged law of the land. The key to determining whether a custom constitutes customary law is whether the public acts as if the observance of the custom is legally obligated. While the use of customary law does not always produce sustainability, the study of customary methods of resource management can produce valuable insights into methods of managing resources in a sustainable way.

Initiative Human Agency And Society

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Hoover Press
Release Date :

Initiative Human Agency And Society written by and has been published by Hoover Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Philosophy categories.

If, however, we possess the capacity to take the initiative and determine on our own some of what we do, then we are responsible and often culpable when we act. Consequently, ethics and law become bona fide concerns in our lives, and the implications are everywhere in evidence - in personal relations, politics, criminal law, social work, and public policy.

Agency Freedom And Moral Responsibility

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Author : Andrei Buckareff
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-04-29

Agency Freedom And Moral Responsibility written by Andrei Buckareff and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-29 with Philosophy categories.

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in problems related to human agency and responsibility by philosophers and researchers in cognate disciplines. The present volume brings together original contributions by leading specialists working in this vital field of philosophical inquiry. The contents represent the state of the art of philosophical research on intentional agency, free will, and moral responsibility. The volume begins with chapters on the metaphysics of agency and moves to chapters examining various problems of luck. The final two sections have a normative focus, with the first of the two containing chapters examining issues related to responsible agency and blame and the chapters in the final section examine responsibility and relationships. This book will be of interest to researchers and students interested in both metaphysical and normative issues related to human agency.

Hume And The Politics Of Enlightenment

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Author : Thomas W. Merrill
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-07-23

Hume And The Politics Of Enlightenment written by Thomas W. Merrill and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-23 with History categories.

This work explores Hume's Socratic turn to moral and political philosophy as a response to the crisis of radical questioning.