Hydrothermal Reactions
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Hydrothermal Reactions And Techniques
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Author : Zhan Shi
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003
Hydrothermal Reactions And Techniques written by Zhan Shi and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Hydrothermal techniques have been widely used in the synthesis of advanced materials, the treatment of wastes, and the preparation and extraction of special chemicals. They have also been studied for the mimicking of geothermal processes. Nowadays, hydrothermal techniques and sciences play a very important role both in industry and in academia. This book includes contributions from chemists and chemical engineering scientists worldwide who are active in the field of hydrothermal reactions and techniques. The topics covered range from fundamentals of hydrothermal reactions, modeling of hydrothermal processes, new techniques for hydrothermal treatment, and new materials from hydrothermal systems to supercritical fluid reaction systems.
Hydrothermal Reactions For Materials Science And Engineering
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Author : S. Somiya
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Hydrothermal Reactions For Materials Science And Engineering written by S. Somiya and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
According to the late Professor Emeritus Seitaro Tsuboi,l the word 'hydrothermal' was used as early as 1849 by a British geologist, Sir Roderick Murchison (1792-187 I), in relation to the action of heated water in bringing about change in the earth's crust. The term abounds in later geological literature, and is most frequently met in connection with the processes that take place at a stage near the closing in the course of consolidation of magma. When a cooling magma reaches that stage, the residual liquid contains a large proportion of volatile components, chiefly water, and further cooling results in the formation of minerals of special interest or ore-deposits. A great concern of Tsuboi's as a petrologist was to elucidate the details of the nature of various actions involved in these 'hydrothermal processes', of which little was known. It is remarkable that, in the last few decades, extensive high-temperature and high-pressure experiments, in which water plays an important role, have become practicable in laboratories, owing to the development of new apparatus and new methods. As a result, the knowledge essential to the elucidation of 'hydrothermal processes' has been improved, but is still far from complete.
Hydrothermal Reactions And Techniques Proceedings Of The Seventh International Symposium On Hydrothermal Reactions
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Author : Jiesheng Chen
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2003-11-19
Hydrothermal Reactions And Techniques Proceedings Of The Seventh International Symposium On Hydrothermal Reactions written by Jiesheng Chen and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-11-19 with Science categories.
Hydrothermal techniques have been widely used in the synthesis of advanced materials, the treatment of wastes, and the preparation and extraction of special chemicals. They have also been studied for the mimicking of geothermal processes. Nowadays, hydrothermal techniques and sciences play a very important role both in industry and in academia. This book includes contributions from chemists and chemical engineering scientists worldwide who are active in the field of hydrothermal reactions and techniques. The topics covered range from fundamentals of hydrothermal reactions, modeling of hydrothermal processes, new techniques for hydrothermal treatment, and new materials from hydrothermal systems to supercritical fluid reaction systems.
Application Of Hydrothermal Reactions To Biomass Conversion
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Author : Fangming Jin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-04-11
Application Of Hydrothermal Reactions To Biomass Conversion written by Fangming Jin and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book reviews the recent advances in hydrothermal conversion of biomass into chemicals and fuels, and consists of 15 chapters. It introduces the properties of high-temperature water, the merits of hydrothermal conversion of biomass, and some novel hydrothermal conversion processes, mainly including hydrothermal production of value-added products, hydrothermal gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction and hydrothermal carbonization. This book introduces a new concept for counteracting the imbalance in the carbon cycle, which is caused by the rapid consumption of fossil fuels in anthropogenic activities in combination with the slow formation of fossil fuels. Accordingly, the book is useful in conveying a fundamental understanding of hydrothermal conversion of biomass in the carbon cycle so that a contribution can be made to achieving sustainable energy and environment. It is also interesting to a wide readership in various fields including chemical, geologic and environmental science and engineering. Fangming Jin is a Distinguished Professor at the School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Hydrothermal Reactions For Materials Science And Engineering
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Author : S Somiya
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990-02-28
Hydrothermal Reactions For Materials Science And Engineering written by S Somiya and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-02-28 with categories.
Exploring Hydrothermal Reactions
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Author : Daniel Kopetzki
language : en
Publisher: Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG
Release Date : 2011-09
Exploring Hydrothermal Reactions written by Daniel Kopetzki and has been published by Sudwestdeutscher Verlag Fur Hochschulschriften AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09 with categories.
In this thesis chemical reactions under hydrothermal conditions were explored, whereby emphasis was put on green chemistry. Water at high temperature and pressure acts as a benign solvent. Motivation to work under hydrothermal conditions was well-founded in the tunability of physicochemical properties with temperature, e.g. of dielectric constant, density or ion product, which often resulted in surprising reactivity. Another cornerstone was the implementation of the principles of green chemistry. Besides the use of water as solvent, this included the employment of a sustainable feedstock and the sensible use of resources by minimizing waste and harmful intermediates and additives.To evaluate the feasibility of hydrothermal conditions for chemical synthesis, exemplary reactions were performed. These were carried out in a continuous flow reactor, allowing for precise control of reaction conditions and kinetics measurements. In most experiments a temperature of 200 ʻC in combination with a pressure of 100 bar was chosen. In some cases the temperature was even raised to 300 ʻC.Water in this subcritical range can also be found in nature at hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. On the primitive earth, environments with such conditions were however present in larger numbers. Therefore we tested whether biologically important carbohydrates could be formed at high temperature from the simple, probably prebiotic precursor formaldehyde. Indeed, this formose reaction could be carried out successfully, although the yield was lower compared to the counterpart reaction under ambient conditions. However, striking differences regarding selectivity and necessary catalysts were observed. At moderate temperatures bases and catalytically active cations like Ca2+ are necessary and the main products are hexoses and pentoses, which accumulate due to their higher stability. In contrast, in high-temperature water no catalyst was necessary but a slightly alkaline solution was sufficient. Hexoses were only formed in negligible amounts, whereas pentoses and the shorter carbohydrates accounted for the major fraction. Amongst the pentoses there was some preference for the formation of ribose. Even deoxy sugars could be detected in traces.The observation that catalysts can be avoided was successfully transferred to another reaction. In a green chemistry approach platform chemicals must be produced from sustainable resources. Carbohydrates can for instance be employed as a basis. They can be transformed to levulinic acid and formic acid, which can both react via a transfer hydrogenation to the green solvent and biofuel gamma-valerolactone. This second reaction usually requires catalysis by Ru or Pd, which are neither sustainable nor low-priced. Under hydrothermal conditions these heavy metals could be avoided and replaced by cheap salts, taking advantage of the temperature dependence of the acid dissociation constant. Simple sulfate was recognized as a temperature switchable base. With this additive high yield could be achieved by simultaneous prevention of waste. In contrast to conventional bases, which create salt upon neutralization, a temperature switchable base becomes neutral again when cooled down and thus can be reused. This adds another sustainable feature to the high atom economy of the presented hydrothermal synthesis.In a last study complex decomposition pathways of biomass were investigated. Gas chromatography in conjunction with mass spectroscopy has proven to be a powerful tool for the identification of unknowns. It was observed that several acids were formed when carbohydrates were treated with bases at high temperature. This procedure was also applied to digest wood. Afterwards it was possible to fermentate the solution and a good yield of methane was obtained. This has to be regarded in the light of the fact that wood practically cannot be used as a feedstock in a biogas factory. Thus the hydrothermal pretreatment is an efficient means to employ such materials as well. Also the reaction network of the hydrothermal decomposition of glycine was investigated using isotope-labeled compounds as comparison for the unambiguous identification of unknowns. This refined analysis allowed the identification of several new molecules and pathways, not yet described in literature.In summary several advantages could be taken from synthesis in high-temperature water. Many catalysts, absolutely necessary under ambient conditions, could either be completely avoided or replaced by cheap, sustainable alternatives. In this respect water is not only a green solvent, but helps to prevent waste and preserves resources.
Handbook Of Hydrothermal Technology
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Author : K. Byrappa
language : en
Publisher: William Andrew
Release Date : 2012-12-31
Handbook Of Hydrothermal Technology written by K. Byrappa and has been published by William Andrew this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-31 with Science categories.
Quartz, zeolites, gemstones, perovskite type oxides, ferrite, carbon allotropes, complex coordinated compounds and many more -- all products now being produced using hydrothermal technology. Handbook of Hydrothermal Technology brings together the latest techniques in this rapidly advancing field in one exceptionally useful, long-needed volume.The handbook provides a single source for understanding how aqueous solvents or mineralizers work under temperature and pressure to dissolve and recrystallize normally insoluble materials, and decompose or recycle any waste material. The result, as the authors show in the book, is technologically the most efficient method in crystal growth, materials processing, and waste treatment. The book gives scientists and technologists an overview of the entire subject including: À Evolution of the technology from geology to widespread industrial use. À Descriptions of equipment used in the process and how it works.À Problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, environmental and safety issues.À Analysis of the direction of today's technology. In addition, readers get a close look at the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolites, fluorides, sulfides, tungstates, and molybdates, as well as native elements and simple oxides. Delving into the commercial production of various types, the authors clarify the effects of temperature, pressure, solvents, and various other chemical components on the hydrothermal processes. Gives an overview of the evolution of Hydrothermal Technology from geology to widespread industrial use Describes the equipment used in the process and how it works Discusses problems involved with the growth of crystals, processing of technological materials, and environmental and safety issues
Hydrothermal Chemistry
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Author : Ziming Yang
language : en
Publisher: American Chemical Society
Release Date : 2023-10-23
Hydrothermal Chemistry written by Ziming Yang and has been published by American Chemical Society this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-23 with Science categories.
Hydrothermal chemistry has become a hot topic of research and discussion in recent decades because water at higher temperatures and pressures possesses unique properties that can promote interesting organic and inorganic reactions. Moreover, hydrothermal reactions that use water as a medium and Earth-abundant but non-toxic material as catalysts or reagents meet the requirements of green chemistry and sustainability, which have potential applications in organic synthesis and waste recycling. A substantial amount of work has been conducted in hydrothermal chemistry, with thousands of research articles already published. This primer aims to equip readers with fundamental background information on the topic and prepare the audience to interpret the primary research articles and reviews successfully.
Second International Symposium On Hydrothermal Reactions
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1985
Second International Symposium On Hydrothermal Reactions written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Geothermal resources categories.
Hydrothermal Reactions
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Author : Tōkyō Kōgyō Daigaku
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Hydrothermal Reactions written by Tōkyō Kōgyō Daigaku and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.