Hypertension And Brain Mechanisms
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Hypertension And Brain Mechanisms
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2011-09-22
Hypertension And Brain Mechanisms written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-09-22 with Medical categories.
Hypertension and Brain Mechanisms
Hypertension And Brain Mechanisms Papers Presented At A Workshop Nederlandse Hartstichting Dutch Heart Foundation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Hypertension And Brain Mechanisms Papers Presented At A Workshop Nederlandse Hartstichting Dutch Heart Foundation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
Hypertension And The Brain As An End Organ Target
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Author : Hélène Girouard
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-01-12
Hypertension And The Brain As An End Organ Target written by Hélène Girouard and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-12 with Medical categories.
The first comprehensive overview of the effects of hypertension on the brain. The book discusses not only the relationship between hypertension and stroke, but also the much less studied relationship between hypertension and cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. It seeks to answer two important questions. First, what are the conditions under which hypertension is associated with stroke, cognitive decline, and neurodegenerative disease? And second, what are the biological mechanisms by which hypertension alters brain homeostasis? By looking at the biological mechanisms of these relationships, this book provides insight to neuroscientists and neurologists regarding why anti-hypertension treatments make a big difference in the case of stroke, but have very little impact on cognitive decline and brain aging.
Essential Hypertension And Its Causes
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Author : Paul I. Korner
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2007-05-11
Essential Hypertension And Its Causes written by Paul I. Korner and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05-11 with Medical categories.
This new account of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH) represents a detailed analysis of the main components of the circulatory control system. The latter's properties resemble those of man-made adaptive control systems in which regulatory parameters are altered when operating conditions exceed certain limits, often through neural mechanisms. Inheritance of EH depends on both genes and environment. The high blood pressure (BP) genes have not yet been definitively identified, whilst the main environmental causes are mental stress, high dietary salt intake and obesity. EH occurs as two major syndromes, each initiated by chronic stress: 1) Stress-and-salt related EH, and 2) Hypertensive obesity. Stress is perceived by the cortex, from which increased dopaminergic (DA) neuron activity stimulates the hypothalamic defense area, raising sympathetic neural activity (SNA) and BP. Normally these subside quickly when the stress is over, but in those susceptible to EH the DA synapses become sensitized so that the defense response is evoked by ever lower levels of stress. Sensitization is common in memory circuits, but not in autonomic neurons, so that this property in EH may be genetically determined. Stress-related hypertension increases hypothalamic responsiveness to high salt, resulting in further rises in SNA and BP. Later, non-neural functional changes (e.g. reduction in nitric oxide) and the structural remodeling of resistance vessels further enhance the vasoconstriction. In contrast, in those developing hypertensive obesity food consumption is excessive, which transiently alleviates stress-related anxiety. The brain ignores the leptin-mediated signals that normally curb appetite, contrasting with normal energy regulation in SSR-EH. In hypertensive obesity, the SNA pattern is similar to that in SSR-EH, but vasoconstriction is masked by vasodilatation and fluid retention due to hyperinsulinemia. This syndrome is a volume overload hypertension, where high cardiac output, renal impairment and other non-neural factors contribute to the elevation of BP. Other topics include the role of various transmitters in autonomic regulation; the place of baroreflexes in the intact organism; why exercise training lowers resting BP; obstructive sleep apnea; non-pharmacological and drug treatment of EH; the role of the kidney in EH and in different types of renal hypertension and the pathogenesis of the Japanese spontaneously hypertensive rat, which provides a valuable animal model for EH. The work suggests that physiological systems analysis in a complex disorder like EH is a valuable tool for using the great advances in molecular biology to best advantage.
Brain Neurotransmitter Mechanism And Hypertension
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987*
Brain Neurotransmitter Mechanism And Hypertension written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987* with categories.
The Cerebral Circulation
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Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2016-07-28
The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-28 with Medical categories.
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
Cerebral Blood Flow
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1972-01-01
Cerebral Blood Flow written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972-01-01 with Medical categories.
Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience. The serial is well-established as an extensive documentation of contemporary advances in the field. The volumes contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry and the behavioral sciences.
Central Neural Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Regulation
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Author : KUNOS
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Central Neural Mechanisms Of Cardiovascular Regulation written by KUNOS and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
With the help of recent technological advances in the study of cen tral nervous system function, important strides have been made in our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of high blood pres sure. The understanding of neural mechanisms involved in the reg ulation of the cardiovascular system is of critical importance to the development of rational approaches to both the treatment and pre vention of this disease. It was in this spirit that a satellite symposium of the 13th Scientific Meeting of the International Society of Hyper tension was held in June 1990, in Bethesda, Maryland. The chapters, in this first of two volumes on the same general theme, are based on lectures presented at the symposium and it is hoped that these sum maries of recent research findings from prominent laboratories around the world will provide a stimulus for future research. The symposium would not have been possible without generous support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Merck Frosst Canada, G.D. Searle Co., Squibb Institute of Medical Research, Smith, Kline & Beecham Co., Pfizer Co., E.I. Dupont de Nemours Co., Merck, Sharp & Dohme Co., The UpJohn Co., and Wyeth-Ayerst Co. While this volume was being prepared for publication, one of its contributors, Dr. Michael J. Brody, died suddenly. It is with deep sorrow and sympathy that we mourn the loss of our colleague. Dr.
Engineering Systems Neuroscience Modeling Of A Key Adaptive Brain Control System Involved In Hypertension
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Author : Rishi Lee Khan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Engineering Systems Neuroscience Modeling Of A Key Adaptive Brain Control System Involved In Hypertension written by Rishi Lee Khan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Brain categories.
Ethanol adaptation was used as a case study to determine the number of animal replicates to achieve 85% sensitivity with 20% false discovery rate, tissue source, and number of time points, as well as the applicability of various statistical methods and enrichment analysis methods.
Brain Mechanisms In Coronary Disease
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Author : Naum Efimowitsch Ischlondsky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1952
Brain Mechanisms In Coronary Disease written by Naum Efimowitsch Ischlondsky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1952 with Brain categories.