Hypothalamic Integration Of Circadian Rhythms
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Hypothalamic Integration Of Circadian Rhythms
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Author : R.M. Buijs
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1996-12-03
Hypothalamic Integration Of Circadian Rhythms written by R.M. Buijs and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-12-03 with Science categories.
The International Summer School of Brain Research, on which this book is based, was organized by the Netherlands Institute for Brain research (NIBR), which has a rich history dating back to the beginning of the century. The focus of interest in this present volume of Progress in Brain Research are the few thousand neurons at the base of the hypothalamus that form the biological clock. Attention is focused on the mechanisms underlying the generation of circadian rhythmicity within our biological clock, which is still far from understood. Contributions originating from many disciplines give updates on the latest theories on the molecular and electrophysiological basis of the pacemaker mechanism, and the various approaches used in different species. Attention is also paid to the way the signal of the biological clock is transferred to the rest of the central nervous system. New data on the role of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and its impact on the functioning of the human being is presented. Altogether an excellent volume which will further the understanding of this elusive material.
Hypothalamic Integration Of Circadian Rhythms
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Hypothalamic Integration Of Circadian Rhythms written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Circadian rhythms categories.
Hypothalamic Integration Of Energy Metabolism
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Author : A. Kalsbeek
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-08-21
Hypothalamic Integration Of Energy Metabolism written by A. Kalsbeek and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-21 with Science categories.
The prevalence of obesity in developed countries is fast becoming a health issue on par with infectious diseases and malnutrition. Research in this area has grown substantially and includes the neurochemical pathways of the hypothalamus and its role in regulating energy expenditures in the body. This volume in the Progress in Brain Research series examines the emerging role of the hypothalamus as a crucial link between the sensing of nutrients and the control of insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and glucose production, the integrative role of the hypothalamus in thyroid and bone metabolism, the interaction between circadian information and energy metabolism, and the important interplay between the immune system and energy metabolism. · All contributors are recognized experts in their respective specialities · Provides expanded coverage of hypothalamic mechanisms involved in energy metabolism · Includes many outstanding full-colour illustrations · Contains special sections on circadian rhythms, immune system, thyroid and bone metabolism
Autonomic Nervous System
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Author : Ruud M. Buijs
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Autonomic Nervous System written by Ruud M. Buijs and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
Our biological clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), sets the pace of our life: it provides a rhythmic function to our sleep–wake cycle. In order to do so properly the SCN synchronizes our physiology to behavioral patterns by directing the autonomic and hormonal output of the hypothalamus to the different organs of the body that require a different setting – activity or inactivity – during particular phases of the day or night. In this chapter we show that this delicate balance requires that the SCN should not only provide an output to these organs but also be informed about the physiological state of the organs in order to adapt its output. This occurs via a hypothalamic neuronal network that provides the necessary input to the SCN. We argue that the feedback that the SCN receives from its hypothalamic target structures is essential to maintain a balance in our physiological functions, which fluctuate during the sleep–wake cycle. We propose that this crucial role of the hypothalamus in the homeostatic response is the reason why, e.g., in aging or depression, changes in the functioning of the biological clock, the SCN, lead to the development of pathology. In addition, if this balance is not adequately organized, for example, if the signals of the biological clock are violated by being active and eating during the night, as in shift work, one will be more susceptible to diseases such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.
Biological Clocks And Circadian Rhythms And Physiological Integration And Control
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1975
Biological Clocks And Circadian Rhythms And Physiological Integration And Control written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1975 with Circadian rhythms categories.
The Human Hypothalamus
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Author : Dick F. Swaab
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-06-15
The Human Hypothalamus written by Dick F. Swaab and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-15 with Science categories.
The Hypothalamus is an important area of the brain for understanding a variety of neurological disorders. This volume summarizes for readers the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus, to better understand pathology and treatment of hypothalamus related disorders. In addition to anatomy and physiology in humans, cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture in rodents is provided. The volume explores the role of the hypothalamus in disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood, as well as its role in sexual behavior and gender identity. Coverage includes how Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus. Reviews the anatomy and physiology of the anterior hypothalamus Provides cytoarchitecture and chemoarchitecture from rodents Discusses hypothalamic related disorders of eating, sleeping, anxiety, and mood Covers how Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and other neurological disorders relate to the hypothalamus Explores the role of the hypothalamus in sexual behavior and gender identity
New Functional Aspects Of The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus
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Author : Hachiro Nakagawa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
New Functional Aspects Of The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus written by Hachiro Nakagawa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Circadian rhythms categories.
The Circadian Clock
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Author : Urs Albrecht
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-01-23
The Circadian Clock written by Urs Albrecht and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-23 with Science categories.
With the invitation to edit this volume, I wanted to take the opportunity to assemble reviews on different aspects of circadian clocks and rhythms. Although most c- tributions in this volume focus on mammalian circadian clocks, the historical int- duction and comparative clocks section illustrate the importance of various other organisms in deciphering the mechanisms and principles of circadian biology. Circadian rhythms have been studied for centuries, but only recently, a mole- lar understanding of this process has emerged. This has taken research on circadian clocks from mystic phenomenology to a mechanistic level; chains of molecular events can describe phenomena with remarkable accuracy. Nevertheless, current models of the functioning of circadian clocks are still rudimentary. This is not due to the faultiness of discovered mechanisms, but due to the lack of undiscovered processes involved in contributing to circadian rhythmicity. We know for example, that the general circadian mechanism is not regulated equally in all tissues of m- mals. Hence, a lot still needs to be discovered to get a full understanding of cir- dian rhythms at the systems level. In this respect, technology has advanced at high speed in the last years and provided us with data illustrating the sheer complexity of regulation of physiological processes in organisms. To handle this information, computer aided integration of the results is of utmost importance in order to d- cover novel concepts that ultimately need to be tested experimentally.
Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism
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Author : Etienne Challet
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-09-18
Circadian Rhythms And Metabolism written by Etienne Challet and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-18 with Electronic book categories.
One of the major breakthroughs of the last decade in the understanding of energy homeostasis is the identification of a reciprocal control between circadian rhythmicity and cellular metabolism. Circadian rhythmicity is a fundamental endogenous process of almost every organism living on Earth. For instance, the alternation of hunger and satiety is not continuous over 24 h, but is instead structured in time along the light/dark cycle. In mammals, the temporal organization of metabolism, physiology and behavior around 24 h is controlled by a network of multiple cellular clocks, synchronized via neuronal and hormonal signals by a master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. This central circadian conductor in the brain is mainly reset by ambient light perceived by the retina, while secondary circadian clocks in other brain areas and peripheral organs can be reset by meal timing. Chronic disruption of circadian rhythms, as seen in human shift-workers (up to 20% of the active population), has been associated with the development of a number of adverse mental and metabolic conditions. Understanding of the functional links between circadian desynchronization and overall health in animal models and humans, however, is still scarce. Interactions between circadian clocks and metabolism can occur at different levels: the molecular clockwork, internal synchronization via neuro-hormonal signals, or external synchronization via photic or feeding cues. This Research Topic comprises a number of reviews as well as research and methods articles that feature recent advancements in the mechanisms linking circadian clocks with energy metabolism, and the pathophysiological implications of these interactions for metabolic health.
Molecular Approach To Hypothalamic Rhythms
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Molecular Approach To Hypothalamic Rhythms written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is the anatomical seat or the mammalian endogenous biological clock which regulates the temporal expression of hormonal and behavioral circadian rhythms. Light, serotonin and melatonin are the dominant stimuli that affect the phase of the endogenous clock. The grantee has devised strategies to identify molecules that mediate the action of these stimuli within the SCN. The grantee has identified a novel receptor for serotonin, the 5-HT7 receptor, and determined its aminoacid structure. Its pharmacological ligand binding properties ahve been measured and a unique profile of agonists and antagonists defined. These allowed demonstration that the 5-HT7 receptor mediated circadian activity of cultured SCN. The receptor has been shown to couple to activation on adenylyl cyclase and to be synthesized by neurons of the subparaventricular zone immediately dorsal to the SCN. Molecules whose expression within the sCN is activated by light entraining cues have also been identified and their characterization is under way.