Identification Of Lichen Substances
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Identification Of Lichen Substances
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Author : Siegfried Huneck
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Identification Of Lichen Substances written by Siegfried Huneck and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This handbook is an indispensable tool for the isolation, identification and structural analysis of the approx. 700 substances currently known to occur in lichens. The first part covers all necessary methods for the analysis of lichen metabolites; the second part gives the analytical and spectroscopical data of all known lichen substances as well as a key to their identification and differentiation. Besides its high value for all chemists working with these substances as a basis for other products, the book serves as a chemotaxonomical key to the identification of lichen species and as a reference for all those who use lichens for the biomonitoring of environmental pollution.
The Lichens
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Author : Vernon Ahmadijian
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
The Lichens written by Vernon Ahmadijian and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Nature categories.
The Lichens covers the structure and development, physiology of the intact thallus, environmental response and effects, secondary metabolic products, and symbiont interactions of lichens. This book is divided into five parts encompassing 19 chapters. It also includes appendices consist of a taxonomic scheme, methods for isolating and culturing lichen symbionts and thalli, and methods for isolating and identifying lichen substances. The first part of this book describes the original fungal cell and its development into specialized cells of which the various tissues and thalli are composed. This is followed by discussions on sexual reproduction of ascolichens and basidiolichens and on systematic criteria for the definition of taxa in different hierarchical steps. This book also explains the types of propagules produced by lichens and the submicroscopical investigations of lichens, including phycobiont and mycobionts' substructure and symbiotic relationship. The second part of this book examines the physiological aspects of lichens. It includes discussions on metal cation uptake and translocation in vascular plants and on lichens' role in rock weathering and soil formation. This part also studies photosynthetic rates and nitrogen absorption and metabolism by the intact thallus of lichens. Succeeding chapters discuss physiological and morphological responses of lichens to the most important environmental factors and the relationship of these factors to lichen distribution. Substrate preferences of lichens and their causes and implications with regard to the ecology, distribution, and taxonomy of lichens are also examined. This text also discusses lichen thalli growth, methods of measurement, and factors influencing growth. Finally, the concluding parts deal with the biosynthesis of lichen substances, secondary metabolic products, and symbiotic relations of lichens to fungi and algae. This multi-authored book is an ideal source of information for researchers, teachers, and students who wish to broaden their knowledge in the diversity of lichenology.
Lichens To Biomonitor The Environment
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Author : Vertika Shukla
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-08-23
Lichens To Biomonitor The Environment written by Vertika Shukla and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-23 with Science categories.
The book embodies the detailed account about unique symbionts i.e. LICHENS in ecosystem monitoring. The first chapter deals with unique characteristics features of lichens which facilitate their survival in extreme climates and makes them an ideal organism for ecosystem monitoring. Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites are known to protect lichens against increasing environmental stresses therefore second chapter provides insight into various chromatographic and modern spectroscopic techniques involved in separation and characterization of lichen substances. The third chapter elaborates the criteria for selection of biomonitoring species and characters of host plant that influences lichen diversity and details about different lichen species utilized for biomonitoring. One can retrieve preliminary information about the air quality based on the lichen community structure and distribution of bioindicator species as lichen communities/indicator species provides valuable information about the natural/anthropogenic induced changes in the microclimate and land-use changes due to human activity. Therefore, for identification of species, a key to genera and species provides concise information to identify the lichen species based on their morphological and anatomical characters and chemicals present. Keys provided in Chapter 4 will help the beginners to identify some common lichen species based on the distribution in different climatic zones of India. The section also provides comprehensive information about the bioindicator communities and bioindicator species from India. Chapter 5 provides the details of factors affecting the ecosystem (natural as well as anthropogenic disturbances) and role of lichens in ecosystem monitoring in India has been discussed in detail. Chapter 6 discusses the need and utility of indicator species especially lichen biomonitoring data in sustainable forest management and conservation. The content about lichens in biomonitoring will be a valuable resource for researchers from different fields and will provide an essential reference for people interested in lichens and its role in ecosystem monitoring. The book will also hopefully popularize lichenological studies in India and will generate more active participation of lichen biomonitoring studies in management and conservation of natural resources in India.
Microchemical Methods For The Identification Of Lichens
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Author : Alan Orange
language : en
Publisher: Twayne Publishers
Release Date : 2001
Microchemical Methods For The Identification Of Lichens written by Alan Orange and has been published by Twayne Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Lichen products categories.
Atlas Of Images Of Thin Layer Chromatograms Of Lichen Substances
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Author : Felix Schumm
language : de
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Atlas Of Images Of Thin Layer Chromatograms Of Lichen Substances written by Felix Schumm and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Lichens categories.
Lichen Secondary Metabolites
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Author : Branislav Ranković
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-07-26
Lichen Secondary Metabolites written by Branislav Ranković and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-26 with Science categories.
This revised and extended edition provides in-depth insights into the benefits and untapped potential of lichen-derived bioactive compounds. The whole spectrum of these compounds’ biological and medical functions, from antibiotic to antiviral and anti-carcinogenic properties, is presented. In addition, a new chapter discusses the anti-neurodegenerative and anti-diabetic activities of lichenic secondary metabolites. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable asset for students and researchers in this field.
Lichens Pb
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Author : Ole William Purvis
language : en
Publisher: Smithsonian Books
Release Date : 2000-09-17
Lichens Pb written by Ole William Purvis and has been published by Smithsonian Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09-17 with Lichen-forming fungi categories.
Reviewing a common but little-understood group, "Lichens" reveals the varied and intriguing world of organisms that are becoming key indicators of the Earth's environmental health. Purvis contends that maintaining lichen biodiversities may lead to the discovery of new medicines and natural remedies. 158 color photos.
Studies In Natural Products Chemistry
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Author : Elfie Stocker-Wörgötter
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Release Date : 2013-03-15
Studies In Natural Products Chemistry written by Elfie Stocker-Wörgötter and has been published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-15 with Science categories.
Lichens are fascinating symbiotic organisms, biosynthesizing a broad spectrum of interesting secondary metabolites and polysaccharides. A considerable number of them have been found to exert biological activities, such as antibiotic, antimycobacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antiproliferative, and cytotoxic effects. Only a very low percentage of “lichen substances” have been actually screened for their biological activities and their potential therapeutic applications in medicine. This is due to difficulties to obtain large quantities of lichens from nature, isolated lichen fungi and algae from cultures for extractions. Ten years ago, we have started to bypass these problems by introducing first traditional and then by exploring novel microbiological techniques and advanced molecular tools for our culture experiments. “Case studies” with selected cultured mycobionts and photobionts, accumulating considerable quantities of a focused compound, have been performed as tests for large-scale culturing, to be able to utilize facilities like phytotrons and bioreactors (small-scale bioreactors) for future approaches. Further studies have focused on the chemical identification of the metabolites from cultures and the genetic characterization of lichen PKS genes (Polyketide synthase genes). Another interesting group of lichen metabolites is cell wall polysaccharides. All lichen species investigated so far produce these polymers in considerable amounts and many of them have been shown to exhibit antitumor, immunostimulating, antiviral as well as other types of biological activity. Lichens polysaccharides are mainly of the following structural types: α-glucans (isolichenan, nigeran, pseudonigeran, and pullulan), β-glucans (lichenan, pustulan, laminaran, and lentinan-type glucan), galactomannans, and complex heteroglycans (galactoglucomannan, galactomannoglucan, rhamnopyranosylgalactofuranan, and glucomannan). Investigations on lichen polysaccharides were carried out using material extracted from the entire thallus with no mention of the origin of component polymers (fungal partner or photobiont). In order to understand the contribution of the symbiotic partners to the polysaccharide present in the lichen thallus, the carbohydrates produced by some aposymbiotically cultured mycobionts and photobionts (Trebouxia, Asterochloris, and Coccomyxa) were analyzed. The studies demonstrated that most of the polysaccharides previously found in the symbiotic thalli were also produced by the aposymbiotically cultivated fungal partner, while there were no similarities between the polysaccharides extracted from the photobiont with those from the respective lichen. Surprisingly, the photobionts synthesized very interesting polysaccharides, such as β-galactofuranan, mannogalactofuranan, rhamnopyranosylgalactofuranan, and an O-methylated mannogalactan. One of them was biologically active, having in vitro activity on murine peritoneal macrophages.
Lichen Dyes
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Author : Karen Diadick Casselman
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2001-01-01
Lichen Dyes written by Karen Diadick Casselman and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-01-01 with Crafts & Hobbies categories.
Noted textile designer and lichen expert explains how to create and use dyes derived from lichens. Text covers history of the use of lichen pigments, safe dyeing methods, ecologically sound dyeing, and use of mordants, lichen identification, and more. Text also offers a fascinating history of Asian and European lichen pigments, Scottish, Irish, and Scandinavian domestic lichen dyes, and others.
Protocols In Lichenology
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Author : Ilse Kranner
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Protocols In Lichenology written by Ilse Kranner and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
As an intricate association between a fungus and one or more green algae or cyanobacteria, lichens are one of the most successful examples of symbiosis. These fascinating organisms survive extreme desiccation and temperatures. They are adapted to a great variety of habitats, from deserts to intertidal zones, from tropical rain forests to the peaks of the Himalayas and to circumpolar ecosystems. Lichens are extremely efficient accumulators of atmospherically deposited pollutants, and are therefore widely used to monitor environmental pollution. Their wide range of secondary products show pharmaceutically interesting fungicidal, antibacterial and antiviral properties. Lichens are extremely difficult to culture. This manual provides well-tested tissue culture protocols, protocols for studying lichen ultrastructure, (eco)physiology, primary and secondary compounds, and for using lichens as bioindicators.