Identifying Exclusionary Abuses By Dominant Undertakings Under Eu Competition Law
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Identifying Exclusionary Abuses By Dominant Undertakings Under Eu Competition Law
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Author : Eirik Østerud
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Identifying Exclusionary Abuses By Dominant Undertakings Under Eu Competition Law written by Eirik Østerud and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Law categories.
The author also contrasts the Commission's decisional practice with the case law, assesses approaches under U.S. antitrust law to similar forms of conduct, and incorporates insights from economic theory. --
An Introduction To Eu Competition Law
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Author : Moritz Lorenz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-04-25
An Introduction To Eu Competition Law written by Moritz Lorenz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-25 with Law categories.
Succinct and concise, covering all key substantive and procedural aspects of the subject, this textbook is required reading for students of EU competition law. The author's clarity of expression and wealth of worked examples, makes this sometimes complex subject accessible. This refreshing uncluttered approach guarantees the students' understanding and engagement.
The Concept Of Abuse In Eu Competition Law
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Author : Pinar Akman
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2012-02-03
The Concept Of Abuse In Eu Competition Law written by Pinar Akman and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-02-03 with Law categories.
The objective(s) of Article 102 TFEU, what exactly makes a practice abusive and the standard of harm under Article 102 TFEU have not yet been settled. This lack of clarity creates uncertainty for businesses and, coupled with the current state of economics in this area, raises an important question of legitimacy. Using law and economic approaches, this book inquires into the possible objectives of Article 102 TFEU and proposes a modern approach to interpreting 'abuse'. In doing so, this book establishes an overarching concept of 'abuse' that conforms to the historical roots of the provision, to the text of the provision itself, and to modern economic thinking on unilateral conduct. This book therefore inquires into what Article 102 TFEU is about, what it can be about and what it should be about regarding both objectives and scope. The book demonstrates that the separation of exploitative abuse from exclusionary abuse is artificial and unsound. It examines the roots of Article 102 TFEU and the historical context of the adoption of the Treaty, the case law, policy and literature on exploitative abuses and, where relevant, on exclusionary abuses. The book investigates potential objectives, such as fairness and welfare, as well as the potential conflict between such objectives. Finally, it critically assesses the European Commission's modernisation of Article 102 TFEU, before proposing a reformed approach to 'abuse' which is centred on three necessary and sufficient conditions: exploitation, exclusion and a lack of an increase in efficiency.
Directory Of Eu Case Law On State Aids
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Author : René Barents
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2016-06-01
Directory Of Eu Case Law On State Aids written by René Barents and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-01 with Law categories.
Since the first edition of this immensely useful book – which coincided with the start of the global financial crisis in 2008 – there have been numerous high-profile cases on State aid. This new edition, which follows the same proven format as its predecessor, updates its analysis of case law with hundreds of new decisions by the EU courts, and thus remains the quickest source of reference for practitioners working with EU State aid matters. Following a highly organized sequence of subject headings, it presents extracts from all judgments and orders of both the Court of Justice and the General Court of the EU on the TFEU rules on State aids (Articles 107–109). Each subject heading starts with extracts having a more general meaning, followed by extracts relating to specific points or situations. Under each extract or summary, the judgments and orders are referred to by case number in ascending order. The book covers all the case law of both courts until the end of 2015. With this book practitioners will quickly find relevant paragraphs and full citations regarding all issues raised by Articles 107–109 TFEU, including the following and much more: - territorial scope of State aids; - Article 107(1) EC and WTO Agreements; - conditions for categorizing a national measure as State aid; - free movement of goods; - undertakings; - private versus public investment; - justification of selective measures; - interstate trade and competition; - the Altmark conditions for public service aid; - restructuring aids; - procedural aspects; - locus standi of trade associations; and - existing aids and new aids. In many areas, the extracts of this book relate to points of the judgments which are not or only partially covered in official summaries. For accessibility of this case law, this book has no peers. As with the first edition, practitioners in the field of EU State aid law will find it indispensable.
Landmark Cases In Competition Law
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Author : Barry Rodger
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2012-12-01
Landmark Cases In Competition Law written by Barry Rodger and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-01 with Law categories.
It is the thesis of this fascinating and highly instructive book on competition law that an examination of one landmark case, scenario, or 'saga' each from a range of legal systems leads to a thorough understanding of the issues informing and arising from competition policy, law, and legal practice. To that end, leading scholars from 14 jurisdictions enhance their academic authority and rigour with an element of panache to describe a particularly salient case in each of their countries, commenting in depth on the contribution of the case to the development of their particular competition law culture and to the case’s enduring significance for competition law and its enforcement from a global perspective. There are chapters for each of thirteen countries as well as the European Union, preceded by an informative and thoughtful introduction. For each landmark case selected, the legislative background, the case facts, and the legal ruling and reasoning are all minutely described, along with commentary, critique, and assessment of the case’s impact and contemporary significance. The cases cover vast swathes of the competition law territory in terms of substance and procedure, dealing with cartels, abuse of dominance, mergers, and vertical restraints, and involving diverse forms of public and private enforcement processes. Aspects covered include the following: the public interest test; bid-rigging in public procurement; the entitlement of dominant companies to compete on a level footing with other companies; the hard-to-draw line between legitimate competition and unlawful monopolizing conduct; the dangers of eclectic borrowing in the development and interpretation of competition law rules; horizontal price-fixing collusion ‘hub and spoke’ cartels; resale price maintenance agreements and the U.S. ‘rule of reason’; the increasing use of private enforcement and the right for victims of a competition law infringement to seek compensation; merger control in energy markets and the political use of merger review rules to benefit domestic firms; cooperation with criminal enforcement agencies and prosecutors; the role courts play in undertaking adequate legal supervision of competition authorities; leniency processes and obtaining access to ‘confidential’ whistleblowing documentation; imposition of administrative fines and other deterrence-based sanctions; and how the ‘consumer welfare’ standard is interpreted. More than a set of landmark case descriptions, this book, in which many chapters reflect upon recent and consider further future significant reforms, demonstrates that competition law and its enforcement processes form part of a chronological narrative, and that it is important to understand the broader legal, social, and economic context within which competition law and policy develop. This wider perspective will prove immeasurably valuable to the many practitioners, business people, jurists, and policy makers engaged in the shaping of competition law in any jurisdiction, and will moreover be essential reading for postgraduate students studying any aspects of comparative competition law enforcement.
The Interface Between Competition And The Internal Market
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Author : Vasiliki Brisimi
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2014-12-01
The Interface Between Competition And The Internal Market written by Vasiliki Brisimi and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-01 with Law categories.
This book explores the interface between competition law and market integration in the application of Article 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), focusing on the notion of 'market separation'-namely conduct that may hinder cross-border trade. The discussion reviews, among other things, the treatment of geographic price discrimination and exclusionary abuse, by which out-of-state competitors are affected. 'Market separation' cases are treated in the book as a case study for appraising the interface between competition and the Internal Market. On this basis, the book provides a comparative analysis of the Treaty requirements under Article 102 TFEU when applied in 'market separation' cases and the Treaty requirements under the free movement provisions. In addition, it utilises 'market separation' cases as a springboard for advancing an informed reformulation of the application of Article 102 TFEU when state action comes into play. All in all, the analysis presented in the book deconstructs the elements for establishing 'market separation' as an abuse of the dominant position. It shows that there is nothing that would justify a distinctive treatment of 'market separation' under Article 102 TFEU, other than a principled understanding of Internal Market law as a whole: whatever understanding one reaches about the proper shape of the Internal Market, interrogation of the proper application of competition law comes after that and thus should be informed by this understanding.
Antitrust Law In Brazil
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Author : Eduardo Molan Gaban
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2011-12-05
Antitrust Law In Brazil written by Eduardo Molan Gaban and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-05 with Law categories.
This book highlights the case of Brazil, a major economic player among developing countries. In seventeen years of enforcing the Brazilian Antitrust Law, Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defence (CADE) has achieved outstanding results and has been recognized as the most effective antitrust enforcement agency in the developing world. This book is the first to describe and analyse the workings and case law of the CADE, emphasizing the agency’s fundamental methodology and focusing on the contributory roles of such factors as the following: mechanisms and procedures of enforcement of the Antitrust Law in Brazil; methodologies (tests) used for antitrust assessment (for merger and conduct controls); evaluation of barriers to entry and rivalry in analysed markets; assessment of proof and circumstantial evidence within CADE case law and court decisions; examination of rational justifications for practices under investigation; legality of exchange of information; leniency agreements; cease and desist agreements; cultural issues and modifications; civil and criminal enforcement; private damages considerations; and the role of international and regional competition law regimes (OECD, UNCTAD, WTO, ICN, Mercosur). The book’s consolidated research on Brazil’s cartel investigations clearly describes the main defence theories and the courts’ decisions. The authors also explore the relationship of Brazil’s antitrust law to the country’s public policies in the areas of consumer rights, public procurement, and measures against corruption, with special emphasis on the synergies arising from antitrust law and consumer protection. It is worth noting that the studies carried out in this book discussed Law No. 8884/94 (Brazilian Antitrust Law) and the New Brazilian Antitrust Law, which was passed on 5 October 2011 and which will be enforced in 2012. With its unique synthesis of constitutional law, comparative antitrust law, and CADE’s case law, this book will be welcomed by competition lawyers and other parties interested in methods and procedures used in merger and conduct control, and especially in anti-cartel enforcement, in developing countries.
Economic Efficiency
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Author : Ben Van Rompuy
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2012-08-01
Economic Efficiency written by Ben Van Rompuy and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-01 with Law categories.
Over the past decade, we have witnessed an apparent convergence of views among competition agency officials in the European Union and the United States on the appropriate goals of competition law enforcement. Antitrust policy, it is now suggested, should focus on enhancing economic efficiency, which we are to believe will promote consumer welfare. Recent EU Commission Guidelines on the application of Article 101 TFEU appear to banish considerations that cannot be construed as having an economic efficiency value – such as the environment, cultural policy, employment, public health, and consumer protection – from the application of Article 101 TFEU. Arguing that the professed adoption of an exclusive efficiency approach to Article 101 TFEU does not preclude, but rather obfuscates the role of non-efficiency considerations, the author of this timely contribution accomplishes the following objectives: traces the genesis of the shift to an efficiency orientation in EU and US antitrust policy and dispels several ingrained misconceptions that underpin it; demonstrates the close interrelationship between evolving images of the purpose of antitrust, the development of related enforcement norms, and enforcement output; provides in-depth analyses of a number of analytically rich cases in the audiovisual sector (and particularly those related to sports rights); and explores what the role of non-efficiency considerations in the application of Article 101 TFEU could and should be under the modernized enforcement regime.
Environmental Integration In Competition And Free Movement Laws
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Author : Julian Nowag
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-11-17
Environmental Integration In Competition And Free Movement Laws written by Julian Nowag and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-17 with Law categories.
Environmental Integration in Competition and Free-Movement Laws engages in a comprehensive analysis of the obligation of Article 11 TFEU (integration of environmental protection requirements) in the three core areas of EU internal market law: competition, state aid, and free movement. It develops a theoretical framework for integrating environmental and other policies and compares how environmental integration takes place within competition, state aid, and free movement law. In turn, it paves a way for a more transparent and consistent integration of environment protection in these three core areas of law. Structured in three parts, this volume (I) offers a detailed analysis of the historical development of environmental integration including discussions of the various intergovernmental conferences which led to a number of Treaty changes, shaping the obligation itself. (II) It investigates which provisions and concepts within competition law, state aid law, and the market freedoms can be interpreted in order to provide a clear demarcation of environmental protection and these areas of law. (III) It analyses how competition, state aid, and free movement law allow for a balancing of the environment against restrictions in cases of conflict.
Trademarks And Brands In Merger Control
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Author : Damiano Canapa
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2016-06-23
Trademarks And Brands In Merger Control written by Damiano Canapa and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-23 with Law categories.
The role of intellectual property rights in merger control procedures has not received the attention it warrants. Most research has focused on the assessment of intellectual property rights in anticompetitive conducts rather than on how a firm can monopolise a market by accumulating such assets. This is despite the fact that access to such assets, whether used or unused, is often a key factor, if not the only one, motivating mergers. This book, the first to address trademarks and brands from the perspective of merger control procedure, studies the legal issues of the topic. It provides a comprehensive response to the question of how European and Swiss competition authorities should consider trademarks and brands when assessing a merger. The author's thorough and critical approach addresses topics such as: - the in-depth assessment of the legal and economic foundations of both trademarks and brands, and merger control; - why trademarks and brands may be relevant to the assessment of mergers, including the distinction between trademarks and brands, the origin of the brands' strength according to marketing sciences, and how and why brands may provide market power to their holder; - the conditions under which the assignment or licence of a trademark may qualify as a concentration under the definition of the European Union Merger Regulation or of the Swiss Cartel Act; - the role played by trademarks and brands in the substantive assessment of a merger, including the definition of the relevant markets, different types of mergers, and the invocation of the failing firm defence; - the provision of detailed guidelines describing the possible influence of trademarks and brands on the outcome of the merger assessment; and - the importance of trademarks and brands in the design and assessment of remedies. At every stage of the study, special attention is given to the decisions of both the European Commission and the Swiss Competition Commission. As the first detailed analysis of the role of trademarks and brands in the assessment of mergers, this book constitutes a deep and illuminating answer to the uncertainties regarding the outcomes of the assessment of mergers that derive from the 'more economic approach' prevailing in European Union Law. It cannot fail but capture the interest of practitioners, businesspeople and academics whose work involves competition and intellectual property.