Immune Interactions With Pathogenic And Commensal Fungi
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Immune Interactions With Pathogenic And Commensal Fungi
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Author : Wanqing Liao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-02-03
Immune Interactions With Pathogenic And Commensal Fungi written by Wanqing Liao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-03 with Medical categories.
Immunity To Human Fungal Pathogens Mechanisms Of Host Recognition Protection Pathology And Fungal Interference
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Author : Steven P. Templeton
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-01-24
Immunity To Human Fungal Pathogens Mechanisms Of Host Recognition Protection Pathology And Fungal Interference written by Steven P. Templeton and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-24 with categories.
Fungi are found in virtually every environment, and comprise a significant portion of the normal microflora of healthy individuals. Some species of fungi are aeroallergen sources capable of inducing sensitization and causing exacerbation of asthma and respiratory allergy. Others are transmissible between hosts and may cause no symptoms in healthy individuals. However, immune suppressed individuals may develop invasive disease marked by tissue invasion with a potential for widespread dissemination. Existing therapies for patients consist of antifungal drugs, yet these require prolonged administration with the possibility of adverse side effects, and may be rendered ineffective by the emergence of antifungal-resistant strains. It is therefore of interest to increase our understanding of host-pathogen interactions in order to facilitate the development of new therapies for individuals suffering from fungal infection and disease. These early interactions are shaped by an array of constituent and secreted factors that stimulate or inhibit host immune responses toward protective or detrimental immunity. Likewise, an array of preformed factors and tissue-resident cells provide early protection from fungal infection and provide extracellular signals that result in localized recruitment of inflammatory cells and determine the character of subsequent adaptive antifungal immunity. This Research Topic explores the host and fungal pathways that program innate and adaptive immunity and the immune cells, molecules, and regulatory pathways that comprise protective or detrimental responses to fungal exposure or infection. Over 200 authors contributed reviews, opinions, or original research focusing on antifungal immunity in humans and in experimental models. We believe that the results of these efforts provide a benchmark for further advances and improved antifungal therapies.
Role Of The Quorum Sensing Molecule Farnesol In Candida Albicans Host Immune Interactions
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Author : Jessica C. Hargarten
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Role Of The Quorum Sensing Molecule Farnesol In Candida Albicans Host Immune Interactions written by Jessica C. Hargarten and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
The commensal fungus, Candida albicans, is a normal and life-long member of the human microbiota where it is found as a commensal primarily in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts and on the skin of healthy individuals without causing significant disease. Although, when normal immune responses are compromised, as is the case with immunocompromised and transplant patients, C. albicans can transition easily from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen and disseminate throughout the body causing life-threatening disease via bloodstream and intra-abdominal infections. These invasive diseases are associated with mortality rates between 40-75%. With the incidence of invasive candidiasis on the rise as a result of increased drug resistance by Candida species and an ever-growing immunocompromised population, it is imperative to develop novel anti-fungal approaches to combat infection. For this reason, a sophisticated and holistic understanding of the interplay between host immune system and opportunistic pathogen during health (commensalism) and disease (virulence) is necessary. Fungal factors known to be important for virulence and commensalism are morphogenesis and secretion of the quorum-sensing molecule, farnesol. It is not known whether these two virulence factors are linked during interactions between the innate immune system and C. albicans, but they have the potential to influence early detection and elimination of pathogenic C. albicans. Here we show that C. albicans links farnesol secretion to the white-opaque switch modulating host-pathogen interactions to promote fungal survival within its host. Specifically, regulation of farnesol secretion by C. albicans stimulates host immune detection and recruitment towards white cells, while promoting host defense evasion by opaque cells. Additionally, in exploring the impact of farnesol on the immune response to C. albicans in the peritoneal cavity (a location often colonized by C. albicans following gastrointestinal tract perforations), we discovered a novel role for farnesol in remodeling the peritoneal cavity immune environment to promote inflammatory responses, which promote C. albicans virulence during intra-abdominal infection. Understanding farnesol's role in modulating the innate immune response may one day lead to the development of an antifungal drug necessary to block systemic candidiasis. Most importantly, what we discover about the way C. albicans interacts with its host through secreted signaling molecules may help broaden our appreciation for small molecules in other opportunistic pathogen-host interactions.
Host Pathogen Interactions
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Author : Ivan M. Dubovskiy
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-09-03
Host Pathogen Interactions written by Ivan M. Dubovskiy and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-03 with Science categories.
Although many insects successfully live in dangerous environments exposed to diverse communities of microbes, they are often exploited and killed by specialist pathogens. In the process of the co-evolution of insects and entomopathogenic microorganisms, they develop various adaptive systems that determine the sustainable existence of dynamic host–parasite interactions at both the organismic and population levels.
Understanding And Exploiting Host Commensal Interactions To Combat Pathogens
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Author : Sudhanshu Shekhar
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-14
Understanding And Exploiting Host Commensal Interactions To Combat Pathogens written by Sudhanshu Shekhar and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-14 with categories.
Trillions of commensal microbes reside on and inside the human body, including the intestinal and respiratory tracts, which encompass various microbial taxa, such as bacteria, fungi, archea and viruses. The close proximity of microbes with the host provides an opportunity to continually interact with each other. Advances in research approaches, including high-throughput sequencing, have allowed us to study host and commensal microbes at the genetic and functional levels. Recent studies suggest that commensal microbes play a crucial role in the development of the host’s immune system and induce innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogens. It is also becoming apparent that the gut commensals are endowed with a capacity to alter immune responses in organs beyond the intestine, such as the lungs, highlighting the significance of the gut commensals in controlling systemic immunity. On the other hand, the host’s immune system possesses the ability to shape the repertoire of commensal microbes and contribute to the establishment of beneficial relationships with them. A better understanding of host-commensal interactions will be important for designing effective vaccines and therapeutics against pathogens. This Research Topic sheds light on our current understanding of the interplay between the host’s immune system and commensal microbes and how this interplay can be exploited for prophylactic and/or therapeutic strategies against pathogens.
Human And Animal Relationships
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Author : Axel A. Brakhage
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2024-09-19
Human And Animal Relationships written by Axel A. Brakhage and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-19 with Science categories.
Estimates based on sequencing data suggest that there are around 5.1 million species of fungi. Yet only a small number of fungi are harmful to animals, including humans. In addition to host-pathogen interactions, there are also mutualistic interactions between fungi and animals. Diseases caused by pathogenic fungi range from allergic reactions and superficial infections to invasive mycoses, and have a significant impact on human and animal life. Fungi are also cultivated by animals as a food source in highly developed relationships or are even involved in gut mutualism. This 3rd edition of Volume 6 of The Mycota highlights exemplary interactions between fungal pathogens and their host(s). The book is organized in three parts: Part 1 summarizes our current understanding of important pathogenic fungi such as Candida species, Malassezia yeasts, Aspergillus fumigatus and fungi of the order Mucorales. Part 2 addresses the characterization of the host response towards pathogenic fungi. It focuses on RNA as a mediator of host-pathogen interactions, the human gut mycobiome, the role of the innate immune system in fighting infections, pattern recognition receptors involved in fungal infections, and a summary of established infection models for studying host-fungal-pathogen interactions. Part 3 provides insights into the impact transcriptomics and proteomics technologies have on the research of human-pathogenic fungi. The up-to-date reviews by experts in the field provide the reader with a comprehensive overview of the various research topics in the field of human and animal relationships with fungi and will hopefully help researchers to find inspiration for their own research.
Fungal Pathogenesis
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Author : Richard Calderone
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2001-10-12
Fungal Pathogenesis written by Richard Calderone and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001-10-12 with Science categories.
Stresses molecular and biochemical studies of opportunistic and frank fungal pathogens! This book gives a comprehensive overview of human pathogenic fungi that offers a current and concise survey of virulence factors, host responses and recognition, treatment and diagnosis of infections, invasive enzymes, intracellular survival, morphogenesis, adaptation, and properties of major fungal pathogens that contribute to disease. Focuses on human fungal infections, including candidiasis, pneumocystosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. With over 3700 references to accommodate continuing study, Fungal Pathogenesis covers natural and acquired immunity, vaccine development, and immune reconstitution outlines rapid identification of major mycoses utilizing antigen capture and molecular assays details signaling and phenotypic switching discusses the value of genomics in validation highlights state-of-the-art molecular methodologies to study disease-causing organisms describes available and potential antifungal drug targets and drug development considers predicting the consequences of drug resistance on patient management presents topical observations on strain typing and variation and more! Containing research into the virulence, immunity, diagnosis, and therapy of most common fungal infections, Fungal Pathogenesis is an unparalleled reference for microbiologists, virologists, pathologists and phytopathologists, infectious disease specialists, molecular and cell biologists, biochemists, immunologists, medical mycologists, biotechnologists, and geneticists, and an exceptional text for upper-level undergraduate, graduate, and medical school students in these disciplines.
Medical Importance Of The Normal Microflora
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Author : Gerald W. Tannock
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Medical Importance Of The Normal Microflora written by Gerald W. Tannock and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
It has been estimated that there are more microbial cells inhabiting the human body than there are eukaryotic cells of which it is made up. This normal microflora usually co-exists relatively peacefully with the host and does not cause infection. The mechanisms by which this co-existence is achieved are still not properly understood and the interaction between the normal microflora and the host is far from simple. For a variety of reasons, however, this interaction can be disturbed and often results in the microflora becoming pathogens. The study of the diseases then caused is important both in terms of treatment and in terms of contributing to our understanding of the mechanisms by which the normal microflora usually interacts with the host. This title brings together an international list of contributors, all of whom have active research interests in the normal microflora. Each of the chapters reviews current knowledge about a specific group or organism within the microflora and the diseases they can cause. Microflora of the skin, respiratory tract, oral cavity, gastrointestinal system and genital tract are all discussed and the impact of molecular methods on our understanding of the normal microflora is emphasised throughout the book. Medical microbiologists, dental specialists, infectious disease specialists, nutritionists and gastroenterologists will all find this book of immense interest and value, as will epidemiologists, dermatologists and general microbiologists.
Nijkamp And Parnham S Principles Of Immunopharmacology
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Author : Michael J. Parnham
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-12-10
Nijkamp And Parnham S Principles Of Immunopharmacology written by Michael J. Parnham and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-10 with Medical categories.
Principles of Immunopharmacology provides a unique source of essential knowledge on the immune response, its diagnosis and its modification by drugs and chemicals. The 4th edition of this internationally recognized textbook has been revised to include recent developments, but continues the established format, dealing with four related fields in a single volume, thus obviating the need to refer to several different textbooks. The first section of the book, providing a basic introduction to immunology and its relevance for human disease, has been updated to accommodate new immunological concepts, particularly the role of epigenetics and the latest understanding of cancer immunology. The second section on immunodiagnostics offers a topical description of widely used molecular techniques and a new chapter on imaging techniques. This is followed by a systematic coverage of drugs affecting the immune system, including natural products. This third section contains 15 updated chapters, covering classical immunopharmacological topics such as anti-asthmatic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressive drugs, but also deals with antibiotics, plant-derived and dietary agents, with new chapters on monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy in sepsis and infection, drugs for soft-tissue autoimmunity and cell therapy. The book concludes with a chapter on immunotoxicology and drug safety tests. Aids to the reader include a two-column format, glossaries of technical terms and appendix reference tables. The emphasis on illustrations is maintained from the first three editions. The book is a valuable single reference for undergraduate and graduate medical and biomedical students, postgraduate chemistry and pharmacy students, researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and the pharmaceutical industry and researchers lacking basic immunological knowledge, who want to understand the actions of drugs on the immune system.
Fungal Extracellular Vesicles
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Author : Marcio Rodrigues
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-01-01
Fungal Extracellular Vesicles written by Marcio Rodrigues and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-01 with Science categories.
This book provides an in-depth overview on the manifold functions of fungal extracellular vesicles (EV) which span from cell-to-cell communication, pathogenicity and stimulation of host’s immunity to export of hundreds of biomolecules. The book summarizes the present knowledge on the impact of extracellular vesicles on fungal biology. Extracellular vesicles participate in fundamental biological processes in all living cells but only during the last 15 years the production and functions of EVs were identified and studied in fungal species too. Up to date more than 50 independent studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are produced by at least 20 fungal species. The book addresses researchers and advanced students in Microbiology, Mycology and Biotechnology.