Impact Of E Commerce Development On Income Inequality
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Impact Of E Commerce Development On Income Inequality
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Author : Xinxin Ma
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Impact Of E Commerce Development On Income Inequality written by Xinxin Ma and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Three Essays On E Commerce Development And Inequality In China
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Author : Yue Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Three Essays On E Commerce Development And Inequality In China written by Yue Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertations consists three essays on development issues in contemporary China. Two essays focus on the role of e-commerce in China's economic development and the third essay studies the latest trend of Chinese inequality. China has been the world's largest e-commerce market since 2013. E-commerce development in China has been fast but uneven with the rural and inland markets relatively left behind compared with city and coastal markets. Since 2014, the Chinese government has been supporting major e-commerce development in rural and remote areas. Chapter One studies the effect of the national-wide rural e-commerce program on rural residents' labor market outcomes. One likely consequence of the expansion of e-commerce is saving in time cost of shopping for people in remote villages. This paper analyzes the impact of this time saving on labor supply of men and women in rural China. I first uncover the heterogeneity of response in e-commerce use to the government program with a machine learning approach. Then to investigate the causal effect of e-commerce expansion, I exploit an interaction IV strategy making use of the roll-out time of the government program and heterogeneous response of online shopping to the program across distance and age structure, as supported by findings from the machine learning approach. My estimates suggest that e-commerce expansion increases weekly labor supply by 7 hours and the probability of working in the wage sector by 14 percentage points by relaxing the time budget constraint. The result is significant for both men and women, but in a gender differentiated manner. It shifts labor away from self-employed agriculture to the wage sector for men, and from working inside the home to outside the home for women. Chapter Two studies how local e-commerce development affect household consumption growth and its structure. By matching a nationally representative China Family Panel Studies survey with county-level e-commerce information obtained from Alibaba, this chapter examines how e-commerce development has shaped household consumption growth in China. The paper presents three major findings. First, e-commerce development is associated with higher consumption growth. Second, the relationship is stronger for the rural sample, inland regions, and poor households, suggesting that e-commerce development helps reduce spatial inequality in consumption. Third, the consumption of in-style goods and high-income elasticity goods has grown faster than the consumption of local services. Chapter Three investigates the long-term evolution and latest trend of Chinese inequality. The chapter argues that after a quarter century of sharp and sustained increase, Chinese inequality is now plateauing and, according to some measures, even declining. A number of papers have been harbingers of this conclusion, but this paper consolidates the literature indicating a turnaround, and provides empirical foundations for it. The argument is made using a range of data sources and a range of measures and perspectives on inequality. The evolution of inequality is further examined through decomposition by income source and population subgroup. Some preliminary explanations are provided for these trends in terms of shifts in policy and the structural transformation of the Chinese economy. We relate the turnaround to two classic phenomena in the development economics literature-the Lewis turning point and the Kuznets turning point. The plateauing is not yet a full blown decline, and there are short term variations. But the narrative on Chinese inequality now needs to accommodate the possibility of a turnaround in inequality, and to focus on the reasons for this turnaround.
The Economic And Social Impact Of Electronic Commerce
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Author : Andrew Wyckoff
language : en
Publisher: Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development
Release Date : 1999
The Economic And Social Impact Of Electronic Commerce written by Andrew Wyckoff and has been published by Org. for Economic Cooperation & Development this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Business & Economics categories.
Electronic commerce has the potential to radically alter some economic activities and the surrounding social environment. It changes the business environment, accelerates changes under way, increases interactivity, encourages openness, and alters the notion of time.This book examines such issues as the potential for growth of electronic commerce, its impact on the efficiency of the economy, its effects on how business is organized, and on markets, on jobs, and on society. It points out that countries will dismantle barriers to global electronic commerce at different rates, and that this may raise competitive concerns. It also discusses the electronic commerce's impacts on the costs of owning a "store," carrying inventory, conducting sales, placing and processing orders, customer support, and product distribution.
The Economic And Social Impact Of Electronic Commerce Preliminary Findings And Research Agenda
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 1999-02-09
The Economic And Social Impact Of Electronic Commerce Preliminary Findings And Research Agenda written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-09 with categories.
This book provides a ground-breaking assessment of the economic and social impacts of electronic commerce and its effects on jobs by drawing on existing qualitative and quantitative evidence.
Impact Of E Commerce On Consumers And Small Firms
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Author : Dr Colin Gray
language : en
Publisher: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
Release Date : 2012-10-01
Impact Of E Commerce On Consumers And Small Firms written by Dr Colin Gray and has been published by Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The change from old to new technologies has fundamentally changed the relationship between the consumer and the firm. This book is at the frontier of behavioural research into how these new commercial realities are borne out in practice, examining the adoption of e-commerce by small firms and the transactional phenomenon that entails access to the Internet. In analyzing the process of e-commerce adoption and why e-commerce actors behave as they do, its coverage includes the adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) by small firms; the use of ICT applications to support marketing and sales transactions; and the factors that influence consumers' online purchasing decisions.
Comparative Advantage And Heterogeneous Firms
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Author : Andrew B. Bernard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Comparative Advantage And Heterogeneous Firms written by Andrew B. Bernard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Diversification in industry categories.
This paper presents a model of international trade that features heterogeneous firms, relative endowment differences across countries, and consumer taste for variety. The paper demonstrates that firm reactions to trade liberalization generate endogenous Ricardian productivity responses at the industry level that magnify countries' comparative advantage. Focusing on the wide range of firm-level reactions to falling trade costs, the model also shows that, as trade costs fall, firms in comparative advantage industries are more likely to export, that relative firm size and the relative number of firms increases more in comparative advantage industries and that job turnover is higher in comparative advantage industries than in comparative disadvantage industries.
Making A Difference Digitally E Commerce In South Africa
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Author : Felix Deubert
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2014-11-24
Making A Difference Digitally E Commerce In South Africa written by Felix Deubert and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Master's Thesis from the year 2014 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: 1,3, University Witten/Herdecke, language: English, abstract: According to the "South African B2C E-Commerce Report 2012", South Africa was already in 2011 the fifth largest country in Africa in terms of the number of Internet users. Today in 2014, there are approximately 12,5 million South African Internet users . Since several years, the E-Commerce sector is facing a boom in South Africa. However, not everybody seems to profit from or participate in this boom. Economically and socially, South Africa is still deeply divided. The inequality within the population, the distance between rich and poor is extreme: The richest 20 percent of the population account for almost 70 percent of total income, the share of the poorest 20 percent is just under three percent. Almost a third (31.9%) of the population lives on the equivalent of less than 2 Dollars a day . Around seven million people are considered long-term unemployed with no job prospects, especially those living in informal settlements, the so-called „townships“. The social and economic inequality is a big problem for the country of South Africa. E-Commerce has the potential to resolve this problem, as it is booming and companies plan to extend their businesses as well as their employee numbers. The idea is to train people from the townships in order to get them to work in the E-Commerce business. Interesting for this thesis are those E-Commerce companies with big storage halls, as they are the ones who might be in need of untrained employees of the townships. Jobs could be needed in basic positions such as picking and packing, quality control and customer services in big warehouses. Supposed it would be actually possible to use training initiatives and programs in the form of cooperations of E-Commerce companies and township NGO ́s, resulting in dimishing unemployment and leading to permitting more people participate in the boom of E-Commerce, the South African economy and its society as a whole would gain a tremendous benefit. The research question in this master thesis is interlinking the existing economic boom of E-Commerce with the high unemployment rate in the townships: Does the fast-growing E-Commerce in South Africa have an effect on the high unemployment rate in the townships? In the quest for an answer to this question, attention is paid to two related questions as well: Do the lowest social classes feel an improvement in their living standards after being hired by an E-Commerce business?
The Diffusion Of E Commerce In Developing Economies
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Author : Zeinab Karake-Shalhoub
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2007-01-01
The Diffusion Of E Commerce In Developing Economies written by Zeinab Karake-Shalhoub and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Business managers in developing countries would find in this volume a solid background to e-commerce at large, and to its significance within a wider framework of a resource-based view of their business and of the national economic settings within which they operate. The book is of special importance to the academic community of Internet students, as well as for those interested in economic development, by providing a pioneering insight into the issue of e-commerce in developing countries which may emerge strongly in the upcoming years. Aharon Kellerman, Growth and Change Undoubtedly an important contribution. E-commerce is a technology which holds the possibility of levelling the global trading playing field. This book provides a necessary review of current issues in e-commerce in developing economies, and a useful collection of good practice and solid theory for scholars, policymakers and professionals. John Peters, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK This is a road map of some of the challenges governments and companies face, in terms of physical and human infrastructure, as countries wrestle with a rapidly changing commercial environment. As the virtual world conquers ever more of the material world, countries that adapt and adopt to a cyber reality will likely do better. If you are doing business or setting policy in a developing country, you want to understand and address the issues raised in this book. Juan Enriquez, CEO, Biotechonomy, US and author of The Untied States of America and As the Future Catches You The authors of this unique volume provide a timely and valuable perspective on how technology and the Internet revolution are changing business and spurring development across the world, especially in emerging countries. Utilizing a framework grounded in rigorous theory, they provide a fine-grained understanding of electronic commerce adoption processes by public and private sector entities in developing countries. In so doing, they consider how each exchange encounter is shaped by, and in turn shapes, relational characteristics that form the basis for growth and development. Using a resource-based view of economies, the authors hypothesize that differences in the adoption of electronic commerce technologies in developing economies can be attributed to a sense-and-respond capability of governments with respect to new technologies, which they term technological opportunism . One of their main objectives is to establish the distinctiveness of technology opportunities from related constructs, such as innovativeness, and show that it offers a significantly better explanation of technology adoption and diffusion than do existing constructs. The book examines a number of developing countries experiences with electronic government, bringing real life experience to the adoption of an e-government model by looking at the issue from strategic as well as operational perspectives. The volume s ground-breaking research and conclusions will be of great interest to professionals, researchers and students in the areas of e-commerce and economic development; government officials of developing and newly industrialized countries contemplating e-government initiatives; and information technology managers.
International Conference On E Commerce And Contemporary Economic Development
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DEStech Publications, Inc
Release Date : 2014-06-24
International Conference On E Commerce And Contemporary Economic Development written by and has been published by DEStech Publications, Inc this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-24 with Business & Economics categories.
International Conference on E-Commerce and Contemporary Economic Development (ECED 2014) which will be held on June 7–8, 2014. The ECED 2014 aims to bring together researchers, educators and students from around the world in both industry and academia for sharing the state-of-art research results and applications, for exploring new areas of research and development, and for discussing emerging issues on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development fields. 2014 International Conference on E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development [ECED2014], aims to bring together researchers, engineers, and students from around the world in both fields about E-commerce and Contemporary Economic Development for information sharing and cooperation. Researchers and practitioners are invited to submit their contributions to ECED2014.
Global Electronic Commerce
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Author : Catherine L. Mann
language : en
Publisher: Peterson Institute
Release Date : 2000
Global Electronic Commerce written by Catherine L. Mann and has been published by Peterson Institute this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Business & Economics categories.
Economist Mann and scholars of international studies and electronic commerce offer both general analysis and specific examples of government policies to promote international electronic commerce for the greatest gain. They consider telecommunications, finance, domestic distribution, taxation, privacy, and international trade. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR