Impacts Of Cross Connections In North American Water Supplies
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Impacts Of Cross Connections In North American Water Supplies
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Author : J. Lee
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Impacts Of Cross Connections In North American Water Supplies written by J. Lee and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with Science categories.
For many years, cross-connections and backflow have been well understood. Programs to prevent unhealthy situations from happening have been in place for many years. However, a general and extensive study on their impacts, types of programs, incidents, and financial repercussions has not been conducted. Many computer models for steady state or quasi-steady state simulation exist, but applications for transient state simulation, especially demonstrating backflow incidents, have rarely been done.The first objective of this project was to assess the impacts, financial and otherwise, of cross-connections and cross-connection control in North American water supplies and to North American water purveyors. The project team also planned to create and use a computer model to simulate and demonstrate hydraulic changes in the transient state.Of the over 700 utilities surveyed, 91% were found to have a cross-connection control program. Survey data indicated 65% of cross-connections were indirect and 35% were direct. Sudden changes of water demands in piping networks can cause sub-atmospheric pressures within the systems resulting in backflow incidents. Systems with larger variances in ground elevations have the greater possibility of creating sub-atmospheric pressures as water demands in the systems change.Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003 This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Impacts Of Cross Connections In North American Water Supplies
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Impacts Of Cross Connections In North American Water Supplies written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Cross-connections (Plumbing) categories.
Development Of Distribution System Water Quality Optimization Plans
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Author : Melinda J. Friedman
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2005
Development Of Distribution System Water Quality Optimization Plans written by Melinda J. Friedman and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Water categories.
CD-ROM contains chapter 4 and appendices A & B.
Susceptibility Of Distribution Systems To Negative Pressure Transients
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Author : Kala K. Fleming
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2006
Susceptibility Of Distribution Systems To Negative Pressure Transients written by Kala K. Fleming and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Water categories.
Low or negative pressure transients (also called surge or water hammer) create temporary opportunities for external chemical and microbial contaminants at higher pressure to enter the water distribution system, creating potential health hazard and potential weakening of distribution pipes, leading to failure. This study investigates how such events as power outages, pump shutdowns, valve operations, main flushing, firefighting, and main breaks can create significant rapid, temporary drops in system pressure. The report offers useful recommendations for using surge models to optimally locate pressure monitors and to minimize the occurrence and impact from low- and negative-pressure transients.
Drinking Water Distribution Systems
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2006-12-22
Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-12-22 with Science categories.
Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Application Of Haccp For Distribution System Protection
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Author : Kathy Martel
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 2006
Application Of Haccp For Distribution System Protection written by Kathy Martel and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Science categories.
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, a risk management tool, to better protect water quality in distribution systems. BACKGROUND: HACCP was first conceived in 1959 by the Pillsbury Company to improve food safety for NASA & rsquo;s manned space missions. Since the 1980s, HACCP has been widely adopted by the food and beverage industry worldwide, where it forms an important part of their food safety plans. Since the mid-1990s, HACCP has been applied by a number of individual drinking water systems and has been incorporated into many drinking water regulatory requirements and guidelines around the globe. HIGHLIGHTS: Project pilot studies illustrated that HACCP can be applied to water distribution systems, but time and resource requirements were greater than anticipated. Project case studies showed that most utilities that achieved HACCP certification had first implemented ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 or similar systems to gain management control of people and processes. The case study utilities operated one integrated management system including the ISO systems as well as HACCP to avoid duplication of tasks, reduce staff time and costs, and improve process integration. All case study utilities believed that, overall, the benefits of the HACCP system outweighed the costs.
Cross Connection Control Manual
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1988
Cross Connection Control Manual written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988 with Cross-connections (Plumbing) categories.
Global Issues In Water Sanitation And Health
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-10-25
Global Issues In Water Sanitation And Health written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-25 with Medical categories.
As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.
Impact Of Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems On Drinking Water Quality
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Author : Steven J. Duranceau
language : en
Publisher: American Water Works Association
Release Date : 1998
Impact Of Wet Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems On Drinking Water Quality written by Steven J. Duranceau and has been published by American Water Works Association this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Backsiphonage (Plumbing) categories.
Water Quality Treatment A Handbook On Drinking Water
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Author : American Water Works Association
language : en
Publisher: McGraw Hill Professional
Release Date : 2010-12-06
Water Quality Treatment A Handbook On Drinking Water written by American Water Works Association and has been published by McGraw Hill Professional this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The definitive water quality and treatment resource--fully revised and updated Comprehensive, current, and written by leading experts, Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water, Sixth Edition covers state-of-the-art technologies and methods for water treatment and quality control. Significant revisions and new material in this edition reflect the latest advances and critical topics in water supply and treatment. Presented by the American Water Works Association, this is the leading source of authoritative information on drinking water quality and treatment. NEW CHAPTERS ON: Chemical principles, source water composition, and watershed protection Natural treatment systems Water reuse for drinking water augmentation Ultraviolet light processes Formation and control of disinfection by-products DETAILED COVERAGE OF: Drinking water standards, regulations, goals, and health effects Hydraulic characteristics of water treatment reactors Gas-liquid processes and chemical oxidation Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and flotation Granular media and membrane filtration Ion exchange and adsorption of inorganic contaminants Precipitation, coprecipitation, and precipitative softening Adsorption of organic compounds by activated carbon Chemical disinfection Internal corrosion and deposition control Microbiological quality control in distribution systems Water treatment plant residuals management