Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing
![Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing](https://ardhindie.com/assets/pdf.png)
DOWNLOAD
Download Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing
DOWNLOAD
Author : Marc Bourreau
language : en
Publisher: Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE)
Release Date : 2020-05-26
Implementing Co Investment And Network Sharing written by Marc Bourreau and has been published by Centre on Regulation in Europe asbl (CERRE) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This CERRE report investigates the benefits and drawbacks of telecom infrastructure sharing. The authors have analysed the practice in 12 European countries* and provide recommendations to fairly and efficiently implement co-investment & network sharing agreements in Europe. The new European Electronic Communications Code introduces new regulatory provisions to stimulate investment in next-generation access networks and help to achieve the Gigabit Society targets for the European Union. One of the key new provisions is co-investment for very-high-capacity networks as an alternative to access remedies. As of today, co-investment agreements for the deployment of fast broadband fixed infrastructures have already been implemented in a few European countries. In France, in urban and suburban areas operators are obliged by existing regulations to open to potential co-investors any new fibre infrastructure that they want to roll out, with different modalities for urban and suburban areas. In Portugal, the regulator has not set up similar obligations, but Vodafone and NOS struck a commercial co-investment deal in 2017 to share dark fibre for around 2.6 million homes. Co-investment agreements have also taken place in Italy, Spain and Switzerland. With the new Code, more co-investment agreements are likely to emerge. In mobile markets, network sharing agreements are also very common, both mandated and voluntary, and can take different forms, ranging from sharing of cell sites to sharing of Radio Access Networks (RANs) and spectrum. The deployment of the new 5G mobile technology makes it necessary for operators to share even more of their infrastructure. From a public policy point of view, allowing for infrastructure sharing – where infrastructure sharing encompasses both co-investment and network sharing – involves trade-offs. For example, infrastructure sharing allows operators to share costs – e.g., costs to upgrade or deploy networks, but also operating costs – which may improve their ability to invest, improve coverage and accelerate roll-out – a clear benefit. But, on the other hand, there is the concern that in certain circumstances infrastructure sharing agreements may harm competition, for example, by reducing infrastructure-based competition, and hence investment incentives, or by facilitating collusion between co-investors. The market context (e.g., the market positions of the partners) is a strong determinant of the potential benefits and costs of an agreement. The implementation details of the agreement also matter. The general objective of this report is to discuss the implementation aspects of infrastructure sharing that may affect the trade-off between the benefits of infrastructure sharing, in terms of faster and wider rollout of high-speed networks in particular, and the potential downsides, in terms of reduced investment incentives or softened market competition. We studied the following Implementation aspects: the operational model adopted for infrastructure sharing, whether to regulate or leave the agreement to the market, the interplay between infrastructure sharing and other regulatory provisions, how to price access by late co-investors, and the specificities of infrastructure sharing agreements with business users. Our analysis shows that from a social point of view, infrastructure sharing has the following potential benefits: 1) Sharing of deployment costs, leading to faster and wider coverage and higher quality; 2) Sharing of operational costs, leading to lower prices; 3) Enhanced competition, benefiting consumers in terms of lower prices; 4) Facilitated entry for third-party operators. In the absence of infrastructure sharing, the counterfactual differs depending on the type of technology (fixed or mobile) and the market context (i.e., the dominance of partners). In the fixed market, with SMP operators, but also under the new co-investment provisions in the EECC, the counterfactual involves some access obligations. For fixed infrastructure sharing with non-SMP operators, where sharing occurs on a voluntary basis, the counterfactual would rather involve no access obligation. In the mobile market, the counterfactual situation would involve no access obligation and most (if not all) nationwide networks investing independently to upgrade their networks. The market context and the type of technology deployed (fixed or mobile) will affect the magnitude of potential benefits and drawbacks. The implementation of an infrastructure sharing agreement will also affect the potential benefits and costs of infrastructure sharing. Therefore, we have analysed how an agreement should be implemented to maximize benefits while minimizing potential costs. Finally, in this report, we discussed the experience in various European countries regarding mobile network sharing and fixed co-investment, with a review of the relevant legal cases when available. The legal cases show that infrastructure sharing agreements are generally viewed favourably by competition authorities as fostering faster network roll-out and increased competition, and that there is not one single form of cooperation that is favoured by competition authorities. The cases show that infrastructure sharing transactions, regardless of the form, must take the following anti-competitive effects into account: - The infrastructure sharing involving new network investment should result in more and faster total network roll-out, or more and faster network upgrades, than would otherwise be the case in the absence of cooperation. - As a general matter, infrastructure sharing with limited geographic scope will create fewer competition concerns than sharing covering large parts of a country; sharing in rural areas will create fewer issues than sharing in urban areas. - Sharing of passive network elements will raise fewer competition issues than sharing active network elements, such as RAN sharing. - The pricing of wholesale inputs (passive and active infrastructure, maintenance services) should be analysed both with regard to their impact on the retail pricing strategy of the parties (the risk of price coordination), but also with regard to access prices charged to third party operators (risk of foreclosure). - Where some party’s incentives are not aligned with its contractual investment or maintenance obligations, there is a significant risk of anticompetitive behaviour regardless of what is written in the contract. Therefore, infrastructure sharing deals should be avoided or carefully scrutinized where there is a mismatch in incentives (for example, if one of the parties already has a cable network in a zone covered by the party’s co-investment commitment). - Restrictions to third party access to infrastructure should be eliminated or reduced to the strict minimum necessary for the infrastructure sharing involving new network investment to be viable. - The competitive impact on third party operators of infrastructure sharing will also depend on the existence or not of regulated wholesale access remedies, as well as in co-investment projects the openness to further co-investors. - Information exchange must be limited to what is strictly necessary, including if necessary the organization of internal Chinese walls.
Horizontal Cooperation On Investment
DOWNLOAD
Author : Anca Cojoc
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Horizontal Cooperation On Investment written by Anca Cojoc and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Cooperation categories.
We present a structural model to investigate the effects of horizontal cooperation on investment in the context of telecommunication networks. More specifically, we estimate the effect of network sharing in the mobile telecommunications industry on prices, network quality and consumer welfare. The presented framework allows estimating the effects of different types of sharing agreements including common ownership of shared assets in a joint venture company or collaboration via geographical separation (geo-split principle). The proposed identification strategy relies on differences in the costs of network deployment of shared versus non-shared network infrastructure, with different costs affecting operators' optimal choice of price and network quality. We apply the structural model to estimate the effects of a network sharing agreement in the Czech Republic, using a combination of unique datasets on prices, network quality measured as average download speed and operator's costs of network deployment. The results of our model indicate that horizontal cooperation on investments may be beneficial for consumers. Specifically, the network sharing agreement under study generated cost savings for the sharing parties, which were passed-on to consumers in the form of lower prices and higher average download speed. Our findings are of relevance to the assessment of network sharing agreements, which, considering the substantial investment cost associated with the 5G technology, are likely to play an even greater role in the telecommunications industry in the future. The findings are also of relevance to the general literature on horizontal cooperation on investments.
The Interaction Of Competition Law And Sector Regulation
DOWNLOAD
Author : Pier L. Parcu
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2022-11-04
The Interaction Of Competition Law And Sector Regulation written by Pier L. Parcu and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-04 with Law categories.
This insightful book discusses the interaction of sector-specific regulation and competition policy. In particular, it identifies emerging trends and reflects on the nature of network regulation in the energy and telecom industries.
The Governance Of Telecom Markets
DOWNLOAD
Author : Antonio Manganelli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-11-03
The Governance Of Telecom Markets written by Antonio Manganelli and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-03 with Law categories.
This book provides a critical comprehensive summary of the coevolution of telecom markets, rules and public institutions over the last 25 years, focusing on the challenges that regulators and policy makers have been facing. Even if the perspective of the book is European (as the EU regulatory framework is examined), most of the economic and institutional issues addressed are common to all telecom markets in advanced economies. The book addresses some traditional fundamental topics in the telecom regulation literature, as well as some hot-button topics in the current policy debate, e.g., ultrafast broadband and 5G networks, the relationship between investments and competition, the sector digitalisation and the role of OTTs. All these are relevant to students, researchers, and policy makers interested to get a sound understanding of the sector, its many dimensions and coevolutionary patterns.
Competition And Investment In Telecommunications And Media Markets
DOWNLOAD
Author : Roberto Balmer
language : en
Publisher: Roberto Balmer
Release Date : 2014-01-20
Competition And Investment In Telecommunications And Media Markets written by Roberto Balmer and has been published by Roberto Balmer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-20 with Science categories.
This book reviews the economic literature on cooperative investment in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. It additionally proposes innovative models for estimating the level of competition and investment in the fixed telephony market and the retail market for newspapers. In doing so, it addresses two hotly debated issues in business strategy and economic policy: the determinants of investment and competition and the impacts of innovative investment schemes. The first chapter reviews the literature on new cooperative investment schemes in next generation broadband networks and geographic regulation. The effects on competition, investment and welfare of such schemes crucially depend on the details of the agreements. For instance, in the case of joint-ventures, the manner in which investment costs are shared and internal and external access prices are determined significantly impacts the outcome. In the case of long-term access agreements, it is essential to consider how access tariffs are structured, whether they can adapt to market developments ex-post, and whether contracts are signed before or after the investment takes place. Generally, many of these agreements allow for some extent of risk sharing, offering the possibility of increasing investment incentives when firms are not risk neutral. It is suggested that regulators consider introducing regulated co-investment agreements complementing current regulation, in addition to considering geographically segmented access prices. The second chapter assesses entry and competition in local retail markets for newspapers. It builds on the new empirical industrial organisation (NEIO) literature to estimate sustainable coverage and competitive effects of entry for Swiss newspaper sellers which sell composite goods (newspapers, food and other goods of daily use). An entry threshold ratio methodology is used, allowing for model estimation even when the range of products under examination is not exactly defined and when price and quantity data are not available. It is found that under duopoly prices the market size of a Commune required for single firm entry is about twice as large as under monopoly prices. A clear and quantifiable trade-off between competition and investment therefore exists. Moreover, it is found that while a second entrant in this market strongly increases competition, further entry doesn’t have a significant additional competitive effect. From a welfare perspective, therefore, it can be stated that “two is enough” to ensure competition in this market. In the third chapter, competition and market strategies in the Swiss fixed telephony market are assessed. A market model based on a generalised version of the traditional “dominant firm – competitive fringe” model, is developed. Direct estimation of the incumbent’s intertemporal residual demand function is performed by instrumenting the market price with incumbent-specific cost shifting variables, as well as other variables. The concrete estimates show that residual retail demand for voice traffic is highly inelastic. Such a level of elasticity is only compatible with a profit maximising incumbent in the case of largely competitive conduct. It is therefore found that the Swiss incumbent acted largely competitively, and that current regulated telephony retail price caps could not be justified on the basis of a lack of competition.
Network Policy Making Within The Turkish Health Sector
DOWNLOAD
Author : Julinda Hoxha
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2020-03-13
Network Policy Making Within The Turkish Health Sector written by Julinda Hoxha and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-13 with Political Science categories.
This book presents findings produced by micro- and meso-level analysis of policy networks using the Turkish context as a new case study and demonstrates that networks have become an integral part of the practice of policy making within the Turkish health sector.
Broadband Policies For Latin America And The Caribbean A Digital Economy Toolkit
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2016-06-22
Broadband Policies For Latin America And The Caribbean A Digital Economy Toolkit written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-22 with categories.
This joint initiative by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the OECD seeks to encourage the expansion of broadband networks and services in the region, supporting a coherent and cross-sectorial approach, to maximise their benefits for economic and social development.
Complex Networks Their Applications Vi
DOWNLOAD
Author : Chantal Cherifi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-11-24
Complex Networks Their Applications Vi written by Chantal Cherifi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-24 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book highlights cutting-edge research in the field of network science, offering scientists, researchers, students and practitioners a unique update on the latest advances in theory and a multitude of applications. It presents the peer-reviewed proceedings of the VI International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS 2017), which took place in Lyon on November 29 – December 1, 2017. The carefully selected papers cover a wide range of theoretical topics such as network models and measures; community structure, network dynamics; diffusion, epidemics and spreading processes; resilience and control as well as all the main network applications, including social and political networks; networks in finance and economics; biological and ecological networks and technological networks.
Development Co Operation Report 2021 Shaping A Just Digital Transformation
DOWNLOAD
Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2021-12-21
Development Co Operation Report 2021 Shaping A Just Digital Transformation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-21 with categories.
Digital transformation is revolutionising economies and societies with rapid technological advances in AI, robotics and the Internet of Things. Low and middle-income countries are struggling to gain a foothold in the global digital economy in the face of limited digital capacity, skills, and fragmented global and regional rules.
Cryptocurrency Transaction Analysis From A Network Perspective
DOWNLOAD
Author : Zhong-Yuan Zhang
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-08-19
Cryptocurrency Transaction Analysis From A Network Perspective written by Zhong-Yuan Zhang and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-08-19 with Science categories.