Implicit And Explicit Attitudes Define Human Behavior
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Implicit And Explicit Attitudes Define Human Behavior
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Author : Patrick Kimuyu
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2018-04-24
Implicit And Explicit Attitudes Define Human Behavior written by Patrick Kimuyu and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-24 with Medical categories.
Polemic Paper from the year 2018 in the subject Medicine - Neurology, Psychiatry, Addiction, grade: 1, Egerton University, language: English, abstract: In the recent years, extensive research has been going on to investigate attitudes and social cognition. From a psychological perspective, these two aspects are of paramount significance to humans because they explain how individuals view the world and life events. It is apparent that individuals possess diverse opinions over different issues, and they express their attitudes on day-to-day life. Ideally, attitudes exhibit behavioral, cognitive and affective elements; thus attitudes determine the way people make choices, as well as determining the way people live. However, the ways attitudes are formed vary significantly so their expressions are relatively divergent. In theory, attitudes exist in two distinct forms: explicit attitudes and implicit attitudes. Therefore, it is logical to understand how these two levels of attitudes are formed. It is apparent that these attitudes have been investigated to design appropriate measures, although implicit attitudes seem to have attracted immense focus in the recent years. Explicit attitudes occur at the conscious level; thus they exert intense effects on decisions and behavior. This is why they can be described as deliberately formed attitudes, and they are characterized by the ease in self-reporting. On the other hand, implicit attitudes occur at an unconscious level. These attitudes are formed involuntarily because they lack conscious access; thus their formation cannot be controlled. However, it is worth noting that implicit attitudes have a significant influence on behavior and decisions. Despite the extensive research on attitudes, processes that guide the formation and operation of both explicit and implicit attitudes have not yet been unraveled. Therefore, this essay will provide an overview of explicit and implicit attitudes. It will compare and contrast explicit and implicit attitudes, and explain reasons for their weak correlation.
Implicit Measures Of Attitudes
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Author : Bernd Wittenbrink
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2007-01-05
Implicit Measures Of Attitudes written by Bernd Wittenbrink and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-05 with Psychology categories.
Increasingly used in social and behavioral science research, implicit measures aim to assess attitudes that respondents may not be willing to report directly, or of which they may not even be aware. This timely book brings together leading investigators to review currently available procedures and offer practical recommendations for their implementation and interpretation. The theoretical bases of the various approaches are explored and their respective strengths and limitations are critically examined. The volume also discusses current controversies facing the field and highlights promising avenues for future research.
The Sense Of Agency
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Author : Patrick Haggard
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2015-08-27
The Sense Of Agency written by Patrick Haggard and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-27 with Psychology categories.
Agency has two meanings in psychology and neuroscience. It can refer to one's capacity to affect the world and act in line with one's goals and desires--this is the objective aspect of agency. But agency can also refer to the subjective experience of controlling one's actions, or how it feels to achieve one's goals or affect the world. This subjective aspect is known as the sense of agency, and it is an important part of what makes us human. Interest in the sense of agency has exploded since the early 2000s, largely because scientists have learned that it can be studied objectively through analyses of human judgment, behavior, and the brain. This book brings together some of the world's leading researchers to give structure to this nascent but rapidly growing field. The contributors address questions such as: What role does agency play in the sense of self? Is agency based on predicting outcomes of actions? And what are the links between agency and motivation? Recent work on the sense of agency has been markedly interdisciplinary. The chapters collected here combine ideas and methods from fields as diverse as engineering, psychology, neurology, neuroscience, and philosophy of mind, making the book a valuable resource for any student or researcher interested in action, volition, and exploring how mind and brain are organized.
Encyclopedia Of Human Behavior
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-01-31
Encyclopedia Of Human Behavior written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-31 with Psychology categories.
The Encyclopedia of Human Behavior, Second Edition, Three Voluime Set is an award-winning three-volume reference on human action and reaction, and the thoughts, feelings, and physiological functions behind those actions. Presented alphabetically by title, 300 articles probe both enduring and exciting new topics in physiological psychology, perception, personality, abnormal and clinical psychology, cognition and learning, social psychology, developmental psychology, language, and applied contexts. Written by leading scientists in these disciplines, every article has been peer-reviewed to establish clarity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness. The most comprehensive reference source to provide both depth and breadth to the study of human behavior, the encyclopedia will again be a much-used reference source. This set appeals to public, corporate, university and college libraries, libraries in two-year colleges, and some secondary schools. Carefully crafted, well written, and thoroughly indexed, the encyclopedia helps users—whether they are students just beginning formal study of the broad field or specialists in a branch of psychology—understand the field and how and why humans behave as we do. Named a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title by the American Library Association's Choice publication Concise entries (ten pages on average) provide foundational knowledge of the field Each article features suggested further readings, a list of related websites, a 5-10 word glossary and a definition paragraph, and cross-references to related articles in the encyclopedi Newly expanded editorial board and a host of international contributors from the United States, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom
The Handbook Of Attitudes
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Author : Dolores Albarracin
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-04-04
The Handbook Of Attitudes written by Dolores Albarracin and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This new handbook presents, synthesizes, and integrates the existing knowledge of methods, theories, and data in attitudes. The editors' goal is to promote an understanding of the broader principles underlying attitudes across several disciplines. Divided into three parts: one on definitions and methods; another on the relations of attitudes with beliefs, behavior, and affect; and a final one that integrates these relations into the broader areas of cognitive processes, communication and persuasion, social influence, and applications, the handbook also features an innovative chapter on implicit versus explicit attitudes. With contributions from the top specialists, this handbook features unique collaborations between researchers, some who have never before worked together. Every writer was encouraged to work from as unbiased a perspective as possible. A "must have" for researchers in the areas of social, political, health, clinical, counseling, and consumer psychology, marketing, and communication, the handbook will also serve as an excellent reference for advanced courses on attitudes in a variety of departments.
Implicit Attitude Measures
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Author : Melanie C. Steffens
language : en
Publisher: Hogrefe & Huber Publishing
Release Date : 2010
Implicit Attitude Measures written by Melanie C. Steffens and has been published by Hogrefe & Huber Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Psychology categories.
The development and application of implicit attitude measures has been one of the most thriving research areas in psychology over the last few decades. This field is united by a shared excitement about the discoveries enabled by these measures, be they related to social attitudes and behavior, clinical disorders, consumer decisions, or self-representations, among others. These approaches bridge subdisciplines of psychology traditionally characterized by little cross-talk. The variety of implicit meadures used is already broad and still growing, given variants and implementations of these implicit measures in different samples and research approaches. This compilation brings together contributions that focus either on the comparison of different implicit measures or on the mechanisms underlying individual ones, to provide an overview of virtues and weaknesses of different approaches.
Handbook Of Implicit Social Cognition
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Author : Bertram Gawronski
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Press
Release Date : 2011-07-06
Handbook Of Implicit Social Cognition written by Bertram Gawronski and has been published by Guilford Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-06 with Psychology categories.
Virtually every question in social psychology is currently being shaped by the concepts and methods of implicit social cognition. This tightly edited volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the field. Foremost authorities synthesize the latest findings on how automatic, implicit, and unconscious cognitive processes influence social judgments and behavior. Cutting-edge theories and data are presented in such crucial areas as attitudes, prejudice and stereotyping, self-esteem, self-concepts, close relationships, and morality. Describing state-of-the-art measurement procedures and research designs, the book discusses promising applications in clinical, forensic, and other real-world contexts. Each chapter both sums up what is known and identifies key directions for future research.
Attitude Strength
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Author : Richard E. Petty
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-01-14
Attitude Strength written by Richard E. Petty and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-14 with Psychology categories.
Social psychologists have long recognized the possibility that attitudes might differ from one another in terms of their strength, but only recently had the profound implications of this view been explored. Yet because investigators in the area were pursuing interesting but independent programs of research exploring different aspects of strength, there was little articulation of assumptions underlying the work, and little effort to establish a common research agenda. The goals of this book are to highlight these assumptions, to review the discoveries this work has produced, and to suggest directions for future work in the area. The chapter authors include individuals who have made significant contributions to the published literature and represent a diversity of perspectives on the topic. In addition to providing an overview of the broad area of attitude strength, particular chapters deal in depth with specific features of attitudes related to strength and integrate the diverse bodies of relevant theory and empirical evidence. The book will be of interest to graduate students initiating work on attitudes as well as to longstanding scholars in the field. Because of the many potential directions for application of work on attitude strength to amelioration of social problems, the book will be valuable to scholars in various applied disciplines such as political science, marketing, sociology, public opinion, and others studying attitudinal phenomena.
Contemporary Perspectives On The Psychology Of Attitudes
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Author : Geoffrey Haddock
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2004-09
Contemporary Perspectives On The Psychology Of Attitudes written by Geoffrey Haddock and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09 with Psychology categories.
Empirically supported throughout, this collection represents a timely integration of the burgeoning range of approaches to attitude research by expert contributors to the field.
Stereotypes
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Author : Joel T. Nadler
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2020-01-23
Stereotypes written by Joel T. Nadler and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-23 with Social Science categories.
Provides an invaluable primer on how culturally accepted stereotypes are impacting people throughout the United States. Stereotypes—both intentional and unconscious—and the harms they cause are increasingly featuring in the news. Here a team of top researchers examines current and emerging research on how stereotypes begin, grow, and harm the members of society—and what can be done to stop them. The authors explain what actions lead to the development and manifestation of stereotypes against groups ranging from racial, ethnic, sexual, and religious minorities to men, women, immigrants, the disabled, and more. They detail the newest studies to help us understand the psychological and social processes that spur and sustain stereotypes, how those affect behavior and decision-making, and how the targeted groups are affected by micro-aggressions and nonverbal behaviors. This volume will interest students of psychology, counseling, social work, law enforcement and legal studies, race and ethnicity, LGBTQ studies, gender studies, public policy, and politics.