Implicit Yardstick Competition
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Implicit Yardstick Competition
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Author : Petyo Bonev
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Implicit Yardstick Competition written by Petyo Bonev and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Re Examination Of Yardstick Competition
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Author : Joel Sobel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Re Examination Of Yardstick Competition written by Joel Sobel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Yardstick Competition Among Governments
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Author : Pierre Salmon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-10
Yardstick Competition Among Governments written by Pierre Salmon and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Measuring government effectiveness is essential to ensuring accountability, as is an informed public that is willing and able to hold elected officials and policy-makers accountable. There are various forms of measurement, including against prior experience or compared to some ideal. In Yardstick Competition among Governments, Pierre Salmon argues that a more effective and insightful approach is to use common measures across a variety of countries, state, or other relevant political and economic districts. This facilitates and enables citizens comparing policy outputs in their own jurisdictions with those of others. An advantage of this approach is that it reduces information asymmetries between citizens and public officials, decreasing the costs of monitoring by the former of the latter -along the lines of principal-agent theory. These comparisons can have an effect on citizens' support to incumbents and, as a consequence, also on governments' decisions. By increasing transparency, comparisons by common yardsticks can decrease the influence of interest groups and increase the focus on broader concerns, whether economic growth or others. Salmon takes up complicating factors such as federalism and other forms of multi-level governance, where responsibility can become difficult to disentangle and accountability a challenge. Salmon also highlights the importance of publics with heterogeneous preferences, including variations in how voters interpret their roles, functions, or tasks. This results in the coexistence within the same electorate of different types of voting behavior, not all of them forward-looking. In turn, when incumbents face such heterogeneity, they can treat the response to their decisions as an aggregate non-strategic relation between comparative performance and expected electoral support. Combining theoretical, methodological, and empirical research, Salmon demonstrates how yardstick competition among governments, a consequence of the possibility that citizens look across borders, is a very significant, systemic dimension of governance both at the local and at the national levels.
The Theory Of Incentives
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Author : Jean-Jacques Laffont
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2009-12-27
The Theory Of Incentives written by Jean-Jacques Laffont and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-27 with Business & Economics categories.
Economics has much to do with incentives--not least, incentives to work hard, to produce quality products, to study, to invest, and to save. Although Adam Smith amply confirmed this more than two hundred years ago in his analysis of sharecropping contracts, only in recent decades has a theory begun to emerge to place the topic at the heart of economic thinking. In this book, Jean-Jacques Laffont and David Martimort present the most thorough yet accessible introduction to incentives theory to date. Central to this theory is a simple question as pivotal to modern-day management as it is to economics research: What makes people act in a particular way in an economic or business situation? In seeking an answer, the authors provide the methodological tools to design institutions that can ensure good incentives for economic agents. This book focuses on the principal-agent model, the "simple" situation where a principal, or company, delegates a task to a single agent through a contract--the essence of management and contract theory. How does the owner or manager of a firm align the objectives of its various members to maximize profits? Following a brief historical overview showing how the problem of incentives has come to the fore in the past two centuries, the authors devote the bulk of their work to exploring principal-agent models and various extensions thereof in light of three types of information problems: adverse selection, moral hazard, and non-verifiability. Offering an unprecedented look at a subject vital to industrial organization, labor economics, and behavioral economics, this book is set to become the definitive resource for students, researchers, and others who might find themselves pondering what contracts, and the incentives they embody, are really all about.
Public Decision Making Processes And Asymmetry Of Information
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Author : Massimo Marrelli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Public Decision Making Processes And Asymmetry Of Information written by Massimo Marrelli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The problems arising from the existence of asymmetric information in public decision making have been widely explored by economists. Most of the traditional analysis of public sector activities has been reviewed to take accountofthe possible distortions arising from an asymmetric distribution of relevant information among the actors of the public decision-making process. A normative approach has been developed to design incentive schemes which tackle adverse selection and moral hazard problems within public organisations: our understanding of these problems is now much better, and some of the mechanisms designed have had important practical implications. While this analysis is still under way in many fields of public economics, as the papers by Jones and Zanola, and Trimarchi witness, a debate is ongoing on the possible theoretical limitations ofthis approach and on its actual relevance for public sector activities. This book encompasses different contributions to these issues, on both theoretical and practical areas, which were firstly presented at a conference in Catania. The innermost problem in the current discussion arises from the fact that this normative analysis is firmly rooted in the complete contracting framework, with the consequence that, despite the analytical complexities of most models, their results rely on very simplified assumptions. Most complexities of the organisation of public sector, and more generally, of writing "contracts", are therefore swept away.
What Then Must We Do
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Author : Gar Alperovitz
language : en
Publisher: Chelsea Green Publishing
Release Date : 2013
What Then Must We Do written by Gar Alperovitz and has been published by Chelsea Green Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Business & Economics categories.
"Never before have so many Americans been more frustrated with our economic system, more fearful that it is failing, or more open to fresh ideas about a new one. The seeds of a new economy--and, if we act upon it, a new system--are forming. What is that next system? It's not corporate capitalism, not state socialism, but something else--something entirely American. In What Then Must We Do?, Gar Alperovitz speaks directly to the reader about why the time is right for a revolutionary new economy movement, what it means to democratize the ownership of wealth, what it will take to build a new system to replace the decaying one--and how to strengthen our communities through cooperatives, worker-owned companies, neighborhood corporations, small and medium-size independent businesses, and publicly owned enterprises. For the growing group of Americans pacing at the edge of confidence in the old system, or already among its detractors, What Then Must We Do? offers an evolutionary, common-sense solution for moving from despair and anger to strategy and action."--Publisher's website.
Population Ageing A Threat To The Welfare State
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Author : Tommy Bengtsson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-08-02
Population Ageing A Threat To The Welfare State written by Tommy Bengtsson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-08-02 with Political Science categories.
Tommy Bengtsson Population ageing, the shift in age distribution towards older ages, is of immense global concern. It is taking place to a varying degree all over the world, more in Europe and some Asian countries, less on the African continent. The worldwide share of people aged 65 years and above is predicted to increase from 7. 5% in 2005 to 16. 1% in 2050 (UN 2007, p. 11). The corresponding ?gures for developed countries are 15. 5 and 26. 2% and for developing countries 5. 5 and 14. 6%. While population ageing has been going on for some time in the developed world, and will continue to do so, most of the change is yet to come for the developing world. The change in developing countries, however, is going to be much faster than it has been in the developed world. For example, while it took more than 100 years in France and more than 80 years in Sweden for the population group aged 65 and above to increase from 7 to 14% of the population, the same change in Japan took place over a 25-year period (UN 2007, p. 13). The scenario for the future is very similar for most developing countries, including highly populated countries like China, India and Brazil. While the start and the speed differ, the shift in age structure towards older ages is a worldwide phenomenon, stressing the signi?cance of the concept global ageing.
The Political Economy Of Institutional Change In The Electricity Supply Industry
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Author : Carlos Rufin
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2003-01-01
The Political Economy Of Institutional Change In The Electricity Supply Industry written by Carlos Rufin and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Political Science categories.
Through a variety of analytical lenses - formal modeling, econometrics and case study comparisons - Carlos Rufín fills a gap in the political economy of second-wave, or microeconomic, reforms around the world. More specifically, he does so in the context of the electricity supply industry, where such reforms have been as problematic as they have been widespread. The author shows that ideological considerations and bargaining over the distribution of economic rents accruing from certain institutional arrangements are powerful shapers of institutional change. At the same time, the legacy of the past does not appear to have a clear or systematic effect on the direction of second-wave reforms that seek to transform existing economic institutions. If distributional conflicts can be resolved, these conclusions provide grounds for optimism about the ability to create new institutions even in countries where little favorable precedent exists.
Building The Local Economy
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Author : Douglas J. Watson
language : en
Publisher: University of Georgia, Carl Vinson Institute of Government
Release Date : 2008
Building The Local Economy written by Douglas J. Watson and has been published by University of Georgia, Carl Vinson Institute of Government this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Business & Economics categories.
Advances In Taxation
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Author : Toby Stock
language : en
Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing
Release Date : 2012-12-17
Advances In Taxation written by Toby Stock and has been published by Emerald Group Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-17 with Business & Economics categories.
Methodologically, volume 20 features considerable breadth. Two articles support their conclusions with analytical modeling. Two others employ experimental methods using taxpayer/practitioner subjects. In addition, two use quasi-experimental empirical analyses. Of the last two articles, one uses survey methods, and the last is a review article.