Yardstick Competition Among Governments
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Yardstick Competition Among Governments
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Author : Pierre Salmon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2019-06-03
Yardstick Competition Among Governments written by Pierre Salmon and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-03 with categories.
Measuring government effectiveness is essential to ensuring accountability, as is an informed public that is willing and able to hold elected officials and policy-makers accountable. There are various forms of measurement, including against prior experience or compared to some ideal. In Yardstick Competition among Governments, Pierre Salmon argues that a more effective and insightful approach is to use common measures across a variety of countries, state, or other relevant political and economic districts. This facilitates and enables citizens comparing policy outputs in their own jurisdictions with those of others. An advantage of this approach is that it reduces information asymmetries between citizens and public officials, decreasing the costs of monitoring by the former of the latter -along the lines of principal-agent theory. These comparisons can have an effect on citizens' support to incumbents and, as a consequence, also on governments' decisions. By increasing transparency, comparisons by common yardsticks can decrease the influence of interest groups and increase the focus on broader concerns, whether economic growth or others. Salmon takes up complicating factors such as federalism and other forms of multi-level governance, where responsibility can become difficult to disentangle and accountability a challenge. Salmon also highlights the importance of publics with heterogeneous preferences, including variations in how voters interpret their roles, functions, or tasks. This results in the coexistence within the same electorate of different types of voting behavior, not all of them forward-looking. In turn, when incumbents face such heterogeneity, they can treat the response to their decisions as an aggregate non-strategic relation between comparative performance and expected electoral support. Combining theoretical, methodological, and empirical research, Salmon demonstrates how yardstick competition among governments, a consequence of the possibility that citizens look across borders, is a very significant, systemic dimension of governance both at the local and at the national levels.
Yardstick Competition Among Governments
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Author : Pierre Salmon (Professor of economics)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Yardstick Competition Among Governments written by Pierre Salmon (Professor of economics) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Finance, Public categories.
When the existence of several jurisdictions (countries, regions, or cities) is acknowledged, the possibility arises that citizens compare what obtains in their own jurisdiction to what obtains in others. These cross-jurisdiction or yardstick comparisons can have an effect on citizens' support of incumbents (yardstick voting) and, as a consequence, an effect on governments' decisions, making them interact (political yardstick competition proper). Both effects have been mainly studied in the context of federalism and decentralization, with the policy variables concerned being mostly fiscal (taxes and expenditures). In that relatively simple setting, the two effects have been confirmed empirically. This text aims to document and analyze that achievement and also to extend the analysis to broader settings in terms of jurisdictions and policy domains.
Political Yardstick Competition And Corporate Governance In The European Union
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Author : Pierre Salmon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Political Yardstick Competition And Corporate Governance In The European Union written by Pierre Salmon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with categories.
The question whether regulatory competition in the area of company law could take place in the European Union (EU) in a way similar to the form it takes in the United States (the Delaware phenomenon) is topical because of some recent judgments of the European Court of Justice and various documents and projects produced by the European Commission. That question is typically discussed, however, as if voters did not count and as if competition among governments was exclusively based on the mobility of firms across jurisdictions. But intergovernmental competition can also take the form of yardstick, or relative performance, competition. Voters and democratic politics then become essential.Voters assess the performance of incumbents by comparing what obtains in their own and in other jurisdictions. The first part of the paper is devoted to spelling out some characteristics of the mechanism. It notes in particular that, depending on circumstances, yardstick competition may provide office-holders with the wrong incentives. This result is important in the EU context. The second part stresses some aspects of the path followed by European integration. One property is that Europe is under construction, entailing a tendency for integration to be monotonous. The process of integration can slow down or stall but seldom if ever regress. Another feature is the enduring reliance on the internal market commitments and their legal implications. Structural characteristics of the integration process such as these have consequences on yardstick competition as well as on the kind of policies to be expected from the EU. The third and fourth parts of the paper are devoted to corporate governance and law making in the EU context and in the light of the foregoing analysis of yardstick competition. Two points are stressed. The nature of yardstick competition among the governments of the member countries may explain that differences in company law and corporate governance can subsist without preventing a strong convergence of economic outcomes. Yardstick competition between the EU as a whole and other parts of the world, however, is likely to start a dynamic process that could lead to the centralization of a large part of company lawmaking at the EU level and the emergence of a distinctive legal environment for firms doing business in Europe.
Yardstick Competition And Policy Innovation
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Author : Johannes Rincke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Yardstick Competition And Policy Innovation written by Johannes Rincke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
A simple model of yardstick competition between jurisdictions is presented. Governments of jurisdictions face the alternative to choose between an old and a new policy with stochastic payoffs. The new policy is superior to the old policy in one state of the world, and inferior in the other. Governments are either benevolent, serving the interest of the voter, or rent-seeking. An equilibrium with yardstick competition is shown to exist where bad governments having a good government in their neighborhood choose the new policy more often compared to an equilibrium without relative performance evaluation. Overall, the probability of policy innovations is increased by yardstick competition. The model has a testable empirical implication saying that policy innovations should show spatial correlation.
Assigning Powers In The European Union In The Light Of Yardstick Competition Among Governments
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Author : Laboratoire d'analyse et de techniques économiques (Dijon).
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Assigning Powers In The European Union In The Light Of Yardstick Competition Among Governments written by Laboratoire d'analyse et de techniques économiques (Dijon). and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Institutional Competition
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Author : Andreas Bergh
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2008-01-01
Institutional Competition written by Andreas Bergh and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book has much to commend it, because of the richness and diversity of the issues addressed. Indira Rajaraman, Tax Justice Focus The volume offers substantial insights into the nature of institutional competition, focusing mostly on governmental institutions, and shows the many subtleties in understanding and analyzing the role of institutions. Institutional competition is a small subset of institutional analysis, but an important one, and while the volume does cover the more familiar tax and expenditure topics, it also delves more deeply into the subject. Randall G. Holcombe, Public Choice While economists typically praise the merits of competition among market-based enterprises, they are not so sure when it comes to competition among institutions, especially governments. I am aware of no better source for thoughtful reflection on competition among institutions than the ten essays presented in this book. Richard E. Wagner, George Mason University, US Why is competition between institutions usually viewed in a negative light, when competition is considered positive in most other economic contexts? The contributors to this volume introduce new perspectives on this issue, analytically and empirically exploring reasons for this perception. Negative assessments of institutional competition emphasize that such competition may lead to a race to the bottom in terms of eroding government revenues, redistributing wealth from workers to capitalists, and limiting democracy by forcing politicians to prioritize international investment capital rather than working for their voters. In this volume, however, many of the essays draw attention to the positive learning and information effects. The contributors conclude that competition may actually lead to institutions becoming more efficient in allocating resources. Students and scholars of economics, political economy, international relations and political science will find the book s non-traditional take on institutional competition a must-read, as will policy analysts and those with an interest in taxation and welfare states.
Perks And Public Provisions
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Author : Joseph J. Capuno
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Perks And Public Provisions written by Joseph J. Capuno and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Using a panel dataset from cities and municipalities in the Philippines in 2001, 2004 and 2007, we investigate whether yardstick competition -- measured here as the average spending and revenues of surrounding jurisdictions in the same province -- influence local government fiscal decisions. For local governments with incumbents facing effective term limits, the effects of the yardstick variables are generally nil. For those with incumbents who are eligible for another term, the average total expenditures of surrounding jurisdictions seem to influence the LGU to re-allocate its budget for social and economic services that directly benefit the constituents towards overhead outlays that benefit more the office holders. Local revenue mobilization is stimulated by greater revenue mobilization and dampened by higher average spending in other localities. Central fiscal transfers increase outlays for overheads and for social and economic services These suggests that while the particular yardstick variables used here may have induced reactions from local governments, the resulting changes in fiscal decisions may not have necessarily improved the constituents' welfare. What seems necessary is comparison on those public provisions that promote welfare rather than just total expenditures or revenues per se. -- Local government spending ; yardstick competition ; Philippines
Yardstick Competition And Public Sector Innovation
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Author : Johannes Rincke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Yardstick Competition And Public Sector Innovation written by Johannes Rincke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
The paper addresses the incentives of the public sector to implement new technologies in public service provision. I focus on the role of local governments under dentralization. Exploiting variation in the level of innovation in a large sample of US school districts, the impact of yardstick competition on the choice of public sector technologies is identified. It is shown that the impact of other districts' innovation activity on a district's innovation score is much stronger in communities where incumbents face a high risk of being elected out of office. This finding suggests that under decentralization, yardstick competition is an important force shaping the decisions of local governments to adopt new technologies.
Decentralization As An Incentive Scheme When Regional Differences Are Large
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Author : Pierre Salmon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Decentralization As An Incentive Scheme When Regional Differences Are Large written by Pierre Salmon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.
It has been suggested that large regional differences could be an obstacle to that part of the political accountability of office-holders which is based on yardstick competition among governments. The paper addresses that question and concludes that the obstacle is not too serious in general. The second part of the paper is devoted to the persistent economic underperformance of some regions in countries such as Germany, Italy and (with regard to regions overseas) France. How is it that the mechanism of yardstick competition induces a convergence of economic performance among European Union member countries, even those particularly poor initially, but fails to induce all the underperforming regions of these countries to catch up? A small model is used to explore that question. In the case of the persistently underperforming regions, it turns out that the degree of regional differentiation is not sufficient for yardstick competition to work and bring about an improvement in performance. The yardstick competition framework remains useful if it helps to understand more clearly why this is so.
Exit And Voice
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Author : Massimo Bordignon
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Exit And Voice written by Massimo Bordignon and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.