Yardstick Competition And Policy Innovation
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Yardstick Competition And Policy Innovation
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Author : Johannes Rincke
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Yardstick Competition And Policy Innovation written by Johannes Rincke and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
A simple model of yardstick competition between jurisdictions is presented. Governments of jurisdictions face the alternative to choose between an old and a new policy with stochastic payoffs. The new policy is superior to the old policy in one state of the world, and inferior in the other. Governments are either benevolent, serving the interest of the voter, or rent-seeking. An equilibrium with yardstick competition is shown to exist where bad governments having a good government in their neighborhood choose the new policy more often compared to an equilibrium without relative performance evaluation. Overall, the probability of policy innovations is increased by yardstick competition. The model has a testable empirical implication saying that policy innovations should show spatial correlation.
Competitive Learning In Yardstick Competition
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Author : Hugh Ward
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Competitive Learning In Yardstick Competition written by Hugh Ward and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Organizations learning from others' successful policies become more competitive not only because their policies improve but also because they avoid the costs of policy innovation. While latecomer advantage has been widely recognized by economists, the policy diffusion literature in political science has tended to neglect the connection between learning and competition. We distinguish competitive learning from learning that is not driven by competitive pressure, or 'pure learning.' We model policy diffusion as a game played on social networks governing competitive pressure and possibilities of information transfer. We develop an empirical test for competitive learning using spatial lags, which is applied to data on the performance of larger English local authorities from 2002 to 2006. We find evidence both for competitive learning and pure learning. The sharper distinction between causal mechanisms governing diffusion and our empirical approach should be widely applicable to diffusion across international boundaries and sub-national units.
Innovation Matters
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Author : Richard J. Gilbert
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-06-07
Innovation Matters written by Richard J. Gilbert and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-07 with Business & Economics categories.
A proposal for moving from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy, reviewing theory and evidence on economic incentives for innovation. Competition policy and antitrust enforcement have traditionally focused on prices rather than innovation. Economic theory shows the ways that price competition benefits consumers, and courts, antitrust agencies, and economists have developed tools for the quantitative evaluation of price impacts. Antitrust law does not preclude interventions to encourage innovation, but over time the interpretation of the laws has raised obstacles to enforcement policies for innovation. In this book, economist Richard Gilbert proposes a shift from price-centric to innovation-centric competition policy. Antitrust enforcement should be concerned with protecting incentives for innovation and preserving opportunities for dynamic, rather than static, competition. In a high-technology economy, Gilbert argues, innovation matters. Gilbert considers both theory and available empirical evidence on the relationships among market structure, firm behavior, and the production of new products and services. He reviews the distinctive features of the high-tech economy and why current analytical tools used by antitrust enforcers aren't up to the task of assessing innovation concerns. He considers, from the perspective of innovation competition, Kenneth Arrow's “replacement effect” and the Schumpeterian theory of market power and appropriation; discusses the effect of mergers on innovation and future price competition; and reviews the empirical literature on competition, mergers, and innovation. He describes examples of merger enforcement by US and European antitrust agencies; examines cases brought against Microsoft and Google; and discusses the risks and benefits of interoperability standards. Finally, he offers recommendations for competition policy. The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
Yardstick Competition Among Governments
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Author : Pierre Salmon
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-05-10
Yardstick Competition Among Governments written by Pierre Salmon and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Measuring government effectiveness is essential to ensuring accountability, as is an informed public that is willing and able to hold elected officials and policy-makers accountable. There are various forms of measurement, including against prior experience or compared to some ideal. In Yardstick Competition among Governments, Pierre Salmon argues that a more effective and insightful approach is to use common measures across a variety of countries, state, or other relevant political and economic districts. This facilitates and enables citizens comparing policy outputs in their own jurisdictions with those of others. An advantage of this approach is that it reduces information asymmetries between citizens and public officials, decreasing the costs of monitoring by the former of the latter -along the lines of principal-agent theory. These comparisons can have an effect on citizens' support to incumbents and, as a consequence, also on governments' decisions. By increasing transparency, comparisons by common yardsticks can decrease the influence of interest groups and increase the focus on broader concerns, whether economic growth or others. Salmon takes up complicating factors such as federalism and other forms of multi-level governance, where responsibility can become difficult to disentangle and accountability a challenge. Salmon also highlights the importance of publics with heterogeneous preferences, including variations in how voters interpret their roles, functions, or tasks. This results in the coexistence within the same electorate of different types of voting behavior, not all of them forward-looking. In turn, when incumbents face such heterogeneity, they can treat the response to their decisions as an aggregate non-strategic relation between comparative performance and expected electoral support. Combining theoretical, methodological, and empirical research, Salmon demonstrates how yardstick competition among governments, a consequence of the possibility that citizens look across borders, is a very significant, systemic dimension of governance both at the local and at the national levels.
Competition Innovation And Antitrust
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Author : Federico Etro
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-09-05
Competition Innovation And Antitrust written by Federico Etro and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-05 with Science categories.
This book reviews recent progress in the theory of oligopoly and market leadership and provides new results on the theory of Stackelberg competition and Nash competition with strategic investment under endogenous entry. These theories are applied to models of competition in quantities, prices and to patent races. The results are used to propose a new approach to competition policy and issues of the abuse of dominance.
Competition Policy And Patent Law Under Uncertainty
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Author : Geoffrey A. Manne
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014-03-06
Competition Policy And Patent Law Under Uncertainty written by Geoffrey A. Manne and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-06 with Business & Economics categories.
The regulation of innovation and the optimal design of legal institutions in an environment of uncertainty are two of the most important policy challenges of the twenty-first century. Innovation is critical to economic growth. Regulatory design decisions, and, in particular, competition policy and intellectual property regimes, can have profound consequences for economic growth. However, remarkably little is known about the relationship between innovation, competition, and regulatory policy. Any legal regime must attempt to assess the tradeoffs associated with rules that will affect incentives to innovate, allocative efficiency, competition, and freedom of economic actors to commercialize the fruits of their innovative labors. The essays in this book approach this critical set of problems from an economic perspective, relying on the tools of microeconomics, quantitative analysis, and comparative institutional analysis to explore and begin to provide answers to the myriad challenges facing policymakers.
Yardstick Competition
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Yardstick Competition written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Organizational effectiveness categories.
Creating Competitiveness
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Author : David B. Audretsch
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2013-02-01
Creating Competitiveness written by David B. Audretsch and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Although competitiveness is typically associated with firms, they are not the only organizational body whose performance is dependent upon competitiveness. This poignant and insightful book focuses on how the varied economic performance of cities and regions, both within nations as well as across nations, during the era of the ÔGreat RecessionÕ also highlights the need for competitiveness. Competitive cities and regions enjoy a superior economic performance, while their less competitive counterparts experience poorer economic growth and increasing unemployment. Using leading frameworks, this study provides applications and case studies about what shapes the competitiveness of places in an international context. Specific policies that enhance local competitiveness are identified and analyzed. Scholars of regional economics, urban economics, urban planning and public policy as well as policymakers will find plenty of invaluable information in this invigorating book.
Institutional Competition
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Author : Andreas Bergh
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2008-01-01
Institutional Competition written by Andreas Bergh and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This book has much to commend it, because of the richness and diversity of the issues addressed. Indira Rajaraman, Tax Justice Focus The volume offers substantial insights into the nature of institutional competition, focusing mostly on governmental institutions, and shows the many subtleties in understanding and analyzing the role of institutions. Institutional competition is a small subset of institutional analysis, but an important one, and while the volume does cover the more familiar tax and expenditure topics, it also delves more deeply into the subject. Randall G. Holcombe, Public Choice While economists typically praise the merits of competition among market-based enterprises, they are not so sure when it comes to competition among institutions, especially governments. I am aware of no better source for thoughtful reflection on competition among institutions than the ten essays presented in this book. Richard E. Wagner, George Mason University, US Why is competition between institutions usually viewed in a negative light, when competition is considered positive in most other economic contexts? The contributors to this volume introduce new perspectives on this issue, analytically and empirically exploring reasons for this perception. Negative assessments of institutional competition emphasize that such competition may lead to a race to the bottom in terms of eroding government revenues, redistributing wealth from workers to capitalists, and limiting democracy by forcing politicians to prioritize international investment capital rather than working for their voters. In this volume, however, many of the essays draw attention to the positive learning and information effects. The contributors conclude that competition may actually lead to institutions becoming more efficient in allocating resources. Students and scholars of economics, political economy, international relations and political science will find the book s non-traditional take on institutional competition a must-read, as will policy analysts and those with an interest in taxation and welfare states.
Innovation Economics
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Author : Robert D. Atkinson
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2012-09-04
Innovation Economics written by Robert D. Atkinson and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This important book delivers a critical wake-up call: a fierce global race for innovation advantage is under way, and while other nations are making support for technology and innovation a central tenet of their economic strategies and policies, America lacks a robust innovation policy. What does this portend? Robert Atkinson and Stephen Ezell, widely respected economic thinkers, report on profound new forces that are shaping the global economy—forces that favor nations with innovation-based economies and innovation policies. Unless the United States enacts public policies to reflect this reality, Americans face the relatively lower standards of living associated with a noncompetitive national economy.The authors explore how a weak innovation economy not only contributed to the Great Recession but is delaying America's recovery from it and how innovation in the United States compares with that in other developed and developing nations. Atkinson and Ezell then lay out a detailed, pragmatic road map for America to regain its global innovation advantage by 2020, as well as maximize the global supply of innovation and promote sustainable globalization.