Important Factors For Accurate Scale Resolving Simulations Of Automotive Aerodynamics
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Important Factors For Accurate Scale Resolving Simulations Of Automotive Aerodynamics
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Author : Petter Ekman
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2020-04-02
Important Factors For Accurate Scale Resolving Simulations Of Automotive Aerodynamics written by Petter Ekman and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-02 with Electronic books categories.
Road transports are responsible for almost 18 % of the greenhouse gas emission in Europe and are today the leading cause of air pollution in cities. Aerodynamic resistance has a significant effect on fuel consumption and hence the emission of vehicles. For electric vehicles, emissions are not affected by the aerodynamics as such but instead have a significant effect on the effective range of the vehicle. In 2017, a new measurement procedure was introduced, Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), for measuring emissions, fuel consumption, and range. This procedure includes a new test cycle with increased average driving speed compared to the former procedure, which thereby increases the importance of the aerodynamic resistance, as it drastically increases with speed. A second effect is that the exact car configuration sold to the customer needs to be certified in terms of fuel consumption and emissions. The result is that every possible combination of optional extras, which might affect the aerodynamic resistance, needs to be aerodynamically analyzed and possibly improved. From 2021, the European Commission will introduce stricter emission regulations for new passenger cars, with the fleet-wide average lowered to 95 grams CO2=km, which puts an even higher demand on achieving efficient aerodynamics. Virtual development of the aerodynamics of road vehicles is today used to a great extent, using Computational Fluid Dynamics, as it enables faster and cheaper development. However, achieving high accuracy for the prediction of the flow field and aerodynamic forces is challenging, especially given the complexity of both the vehicle geometry in itself and the surrounding flow field. Even for a simplified generic bluff body, accurately predicting the flow field and aerodynamic forces is a challenge. The main reason for this challenge of achieving results with high accuracy is the prediction of the complex behavior of turbulence. Scale-resolving simulation (SRS) methods, such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES), where most of the turbulent structures are resolved has in many studies shown high accuracy but unfortunately to a very high computational cost. It is primarily the small turbulent structures within the near-wall region that requires a _ne resolution in both space (the mesh) and in time. This fine resolution is the reason for the very high computational cost and makes LES unfeasible for practical use in industrial aerodynamic development at present and in the near future. By modeling the turbulent structures within the near-wall region using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, and resolving the turbulence outside the region with a LES model, a coarser resolution is possible to use, resulting in significantly lower computational cost. Which used RANS model is of high importance, and especially how much turbulent viscosity the model generates, as too high values can result in suppression of the resolved turbulence. The transitioning between the RANS and LES regions have a significant effect on the results. Faster transition enables more resolved turbulence, favorable for higher accuracy, but needs to be balanced with sufficient shielding of the RANS region. If resolving the turbulence occurs within the near-wall region, and the mesh is not sufficiently fine, it can result in poor accuracy. By increasing the time-step size and disregarding best-practice guides, the computational cost can be significantly reduced. The accuracy is reasonably insensitive to the larger time step sizes until a certain degree, thereby enabling computationally cheaper SRS to achieve high accuracy of aerodynamic predictions needed to meet present and future emission regulations.
Aerodynamics Of Road Vehicles
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Author : Thomas Christian Schuetz
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2015-12-30
Aerodynamics Of Road Vehicles written by Thomas Christian Schuetz and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The detailed presentation of fundamental aerodynamics principles that influence and improve vehicle design have made Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles the engineer’s “source” for information. This fifth edition features updated and expanded information beyond that which was presented in previous releases. Completely new content covers lateral stability, safety and comfort, wind noise, high performance vehicles, helmets, engine cooling, and computational fluid dynamics. A proven, successful engineering design approach is presented that includes: • Fundamentals of fluid mechanics related to vehicle aerodynamics • Essential experimental results that are the ground rules of fluid mechanics • Design strategies for individual experimental results • General design solutions from combined experimental results The aerodynamics of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, motorcycles, sports cars, and race cars is dealt with in detail, inclusive of systems, testing techniques, measuring and numerical aerodynamics methods and simulations that significantly contribute to vehicle development. Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles is an excellent reference tool and an indispensable source for the industry’s vehicle engineers, designers, and researchers, as well as for enthusiasts, students, and those working in academia or government regulatory agencies.
Automotive Aerodynamics
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Author : Joseph Katz
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2016-07-12
Automotive Aerodynamics written by Joseph Katz and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The automobile is an icon of modern technology because it includes most aspects of modern engineering, and it offers an exciting approach to engineering education. Of course there are many existing books on introductory fluid/aero dynamics but the majority of these are too long, focussed on aerospace and don’t adequately cover the basics. Therefore, there is room and a need for a concise, introductory textbook in this area. Automotive Aerodynamics fulfils this need and is an introductory textbook intended as a first course in the complex field of aero/fluid mechanics for engineering students. It introduces basic concepts and fluid properties, and covers fluid dynamic equations. Examples of automotive aerodynamics are included and the principles of computational fluid dynamics are introduced. This text also includes topics such as aeroacoustics and heat transfer which are important to engineering students and are closely related to the main topic of aero/fluid mechanics. This textbook contains complex mathematics, which not only serve as the foundation for future studies but also provide a road map for the present text. As the chapters evolve, focus is placed on more applicable examples, which can be solved in class using elementary algebra. The approach taken is designed to make the mathematics more approachable and easier to understand. Key features: Concise textbook which provides an introduction to fluid mechanics and aerodynamics, with automotive applications Written by a leading author in the field who has experience working with motor sports teams in industry Explains basic concepts and equations before progressing to cover more advanced topics Covers internal and external flows for automotive applications Covers emerging areas of aeroacoustics and heat transfer Automotive Aerodynamics is a must-have textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in automotive and mechanical engineering, and is also a concise reference for engineers in industry.
Aerodynamics Of Road Vehicles
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Author : Wolf-Heinrich Hucho
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Aerodynamics Of Road Vehicles written by Wolf-Heinrich Hucho and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles details the aerodynamics of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, sports cars, and race cars; their external flow field; as well as their internal flow field. The book, after giving an introduction to automobile aerodynamics and some fundamentals of fluid mechanics, covers topics such as the performance and aerodynamics of different kinds of vehicles, as well as test techniques for their aerodynamics. The book also covers other concepts related to automobiles such as cooling systems and ventilations for vehicles. The text is recommended for mechanical engineers and phycisists in the automobile industry who would like to understand more about aerodynamics of motor vehicles and its importance on the field of road safety and automobile production.
Computational Aerodynamic Modeling Of Aerospace Vehicles
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Author : Mehdi Ghoreyshi
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2019-03-08
Computational Aerodynamic Modeling Of Aerospace Vehicles written by Mehdi Ghoreyshi and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Currently, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solutions is considered as the state-of-the-art in the modeling of unsteady nonlinear flow physics and offers an early and improved understanding of air vehicle aerodynamics and stability and control characteristics. This Special Issue covers recent computational efforts on simulation of aerospace vehicles including fighter aircraft, rotorcraft, propeller driven vehicles, unmanned vehicle, projectiles, and air drop configurations. The complex flow physics of these configurations pose significant challenges in CFD modeling. Some of these challenges include prediction of vortical flows and shock waves, rapid maneuvering aircraft with fast moving control surfaces, and interactions between propellers and wing, fluid and structure, boundary layer and shock waves. Additional topic of interest in this Special Issue is the use of CFD tools in aircraft design and flight mechanics. The problem with these applications is the computational cost involved, particularly if this is viewed as a brute-force calculation of vehicle’s aerodynamics through its flight envelope. To make progress in routinely using of CFD in aircraft design, methods based on sampling, model updating and system identification should be considered.
Theory And Applications Of Aerodynamics For Ground Vehicles
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Author : T Yomi Obidi
language : en
Publisher: SAE International
Release Date : 2014-03-20
Theory And Applications Of Aerodynamics For Ground Vehicles written by T Yomi Obidi and has been published by SAE International this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-20 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an introduction to ground vehicle aerodynamics and methodically guides the reader through the various aspects of the subject. Those needing specific information or a refresher can easily jump to the material of interest. There is a particular emphasis on various vehicle types (passenger cars, trucks, trains, motorcycles, race cars, etc.). However, the book is focused on cars and trucks, which are the most common vehicles in the speed range in which the study of ground vehicle aerodynamics is beneficial. Readers will gain a fundamental understanding of the topic, which will help them design vehicles that have improved aerodynamics; this will lead to better fuel efficiency, improved performance, and increased passenger comfort. The author’s basic approach to the presentation of the material is complemented with review questions, application questions, exercises, and suggested projects at the end of most of the chapters, which helps the reader apply the information presented, either in the classroom or for self-study. Aside from offering a solid understanding of ground vehicle aerodynamics, the book also offers more thorough study of several key topics. One such topic is car-truck interaction, when one vehicle (usually the smaller one) is overtaking the other. There is a direct and instant benefit in terms of safety on the highway from understanding the forces at play when one vehicle passes the other in the same direction and sense. Chapters examine: • Drag • Noise and vehicle soiling • Wind tunnels and road/track testing • Numerical methods • Vehicle stability and control • Vehicle sectional design • Large vehicles: trucks, trailers, buses, trains • Severe service and off-road vehicles • Race cars and convertibles • Motorcycles • Concept vehicles
The Aerodynamics Of Heavy Vehicles Trucks Buses And Trains
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Author : Rose McCallen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-07-30
The Aerodynamics Of Heavy Vehicles Trucks Buses And Trains written by Rose McCallen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-07-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
It is our pleasure to present these proceedings from the United Engineering Foundation Conference on The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held December 2-6, 2002, in Monterey, California. This Department of Energy, United Engineering Foundation, and industry sponsored conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers from around the world to discuss the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. Participants from national labs, academia, and industry, including truck manufacturers, discussed how computer simulation and experimental techniques could be used to design more fuel efficient trucks, buses, and trains. Conference topics included comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from the Department of Energy sponsored and other wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry were presented, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices. We would like to thank the UEF conference organizers for their dedication and quick response to sudden deadlines. In addition, we would like to thank all session chairs, the scientific advisory committee, authors, and reviewers for their many hours of dedicated effort that contributed to a successful conference and resulted in this document of the conference proceedings. We also gratefully acknowledge the support received from the United Engineering Foundation, the US Department of Energy, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Volvo Trucks America, International Truck and Engine Corporation, and Freightliner LLC.
Road Vehicle Aerodynamic Design
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Author : R. H. Barnard
language : en
Publisher: Longman Publishing Group
Release Date : 1996
Road Vehicle Aerodynamic Design written by R. H. Barnard and has been published by Longman Publishing Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This text provides a comprehensive introduction to road vehicle aerodynamic design for students, engineers and designers working in the automotive field.
Progress In Vehicle Aerodynamics And Thermal Management
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Author : Jochen Wiedemann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-04
Progress In Vehicle Aerodynamics And Thermal Management written by Jochen Wiedemann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The books presents latest information about new car developments, new or improved testing techniques and new or improved calculation procedures. Presenters are from industry and academia.
Race Car Aerodynamics
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Author : J Katz
language : en
Publisher: Robert Bentley, Incorporated
Release Date : 1996-03-08
Race Car Aerodynamics written by J Katz and has been published by Robert Bentley, Incorporated this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-03-08 with Transportation categories.
The first book to summarize the secrets of the rapidly developing field of high-speed vehicle design. From F1 to Indy Car, Drag and Sedan racing, this book provides clear explanations for engineers who want to improve their design skills and enthusiasts who simply want to understand how their favorite race cars go fast. Explains how aerodynamics win races, why downforce is more important than streamlining and drag reduction, designing wings and venturis, plus wind tunnel designs and more.