Important Factors For Accurate Scale Resolving Simulations Of Automotive Aerodynamics
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Important Factors For Accurate Scale Resolving Simulations Of Automotive Aerodynamics
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Author : Petter Ekman
language : en
Publisher: Linköping University Electronic Press
Release Date : 2020-04-02
Important Factors For Accurate Scale Resolving Simulations Of Automotive Aerodynamics written by Petter Ekman and has been published by Linköping University Electronic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-02 with categories.
Road transports are responsible for almost 18 % of the greenhouse gas emission in Europe and are today the leading cause of air pollution in cities. Aerodynamic resistance has a significant effect on fuel consumption and hence the emission of vehicles. For electric vehicles, emissions are not affected by the aerodynamics as such but instead have a significant effect on the effective range of the vehicle. In 2017, a new measurement procedure was introduced, Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP), for measuring emissions, fuel consumption, and range. This procedure includes a new test cycle with increased average driving speed compared to the former procedure, which thereby increases the importance of the aerodynamic resistance, as it drastically increases with speed. A second effect is that the exact car configuration sold to the customer needs to be certified in terms of fuel consumption and emissions. The result is that every possible combination of optional extras, which might affect the aerodynamic resistance, needs to be aerodynamically analyzed and possibly improved. From 2021, the European Commission will introduce stricter emission regulations for new passenger cars, with the fleet-wide average lowered to 95 grams CO2=km, which puts an even higher demand on achieving efficient aerodynamics. Virtual development of the aerodynamics of road vehicles is today used to a great extent, using Computational Fluid Dynamics, as it enables faster and cheaper development. However, achieving high accuracy for the prediction of the flow field and aerodynamic forces is challenging, especially given the complexity of both the vehicle geometry in itself and the surrounding flow field. Even for a simplified generic bluff body, accurately predicting the flow field and aerodynamic forces is a challenge. The main reason for this challenge of achieving results with high accuracy is the prediction of the complex behavior of turbulence. Scale-resolving simulation (SRS) methods, such as Large Eddy Simulation (LES), where most of the turbulent structures are resolved has in many studies shown high accuracy but unfortunately to a very high computational cost. It is primarily the small turbulent structures within the near-wall region that requires a _ne resolution in both space (the mesh) and in time. This fine resolution is the reason for the very high computational cost and makes LES unfeasible for practical use in industrial aerodynamic development at present and in the near future. By modeling the turbulent structures within the near-wall region using a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model, and resolving the turbulence outside the region with a LES model, a coarser resolution is possible to use, resulting in significantly lower computational cost. Which used RANS model is of high importance, and especially how much turbulent viscosity the model generates, as too high values can result in suppression of the resolved turbulence. The transitioning between the RANS and LES regions have a significant effect on the results. Faster transition enables more resolved turbulence, favorable for higher accuracy, but needs to be balanced with sufficient shielding of the RANS region. If resolving the turbulence occurs within the near-wall region, and the mesh is not sufficiently fine, it can result in poor accuracy. By increasing the time-step size and disregarding best-practice guides, the computational cost can be significantly reduced. The accuracy is reasonably insensitive to the larger time step sizes until a certain degree, thereby enabling computationally cheaper SRS to achieve high accuracy of aerodynamic predictions needed to meet present and future emission regulations.
Aerodynamics Of Road Vehicles
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Author : Wolf-Heinrich Hucho
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2013-10-22
Aerodynamics Of Road Vehicles written by Wolf-Heinrich Hucho and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aerodynamics of Road Vehicles details the aerodynamics of passenger cars, commercial vehicles, sports cars, and race cars; their external flow field; as well as their internal flow field. The book, after giving an introduction to automobile aerodynamics and some fundamentals of fluid mechanics, covers topics such as the performance and aerodynamics of different kinds of vehicles, as well as test techniques for their aerodynamics. The book also covers other concepts related to automobiles such as cooling systems and ventilations for vehicles. The text is recommended for mechanical engineers and phycisists in the automobile industry who would like to understand more about aerodynamics of motor vehicles and its importance on the field of road safety and automobile production.
The Aerodynamics Of Heavy Vehicles Iii
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Author : Andreas Dillmann
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-08-19
The Aerodynamics Of Heavy Vehicles Iii written by Andreas Dillmann and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-19 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This volume contains papers presented at the International conference “The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles III: Trucks, Buses and Trains” held in Potsdam, Germany, September 12-17, 2010 by Engineering Conferences International (ECI). Leading scientists and engineers from industry, universities and research laboratories, including truck and high-speed train manufacturers and operators were brought together to discuss computer simulation and experimental techniques to be applied for the design of more efficient trucks, buses and high-speed trains in the future. This conference was the third in the series after Monterey-Pacific Groove in 2002 and Lake Tahoe in 2007.The presentations address different aspects of train aerodynamics (cross wind effects, underbody flow, tunnel aerodynamics and aeroacoustics, experimental techniques), truck aerodynamics (drag reduction, flow control, experimental and computational techniques) as well as computational fluid dynamics and bluff body, wake and jet flows.
The International Vehicle Aerodynamics Conference
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Author : IMechE
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2014-11-12
The International Vehicle Aerodynamics Conference written by IMechE and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-12 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aerodynamics has never been more central to the development of cars, commercial vehicles, motorbikes, trains and human powered vehicles, driven by the need for efficiency: reducing carbon dioxide emissions, reducing fuel consumption, increasing range and alleviating problems associated with traffic congestion. Reducing vehicle weight makes it more challenging to ensure that they are stable and handle well over a wide range of environmental conditions. Lighter structures are also more vulnerable to aerodynamically induced vibration. Alongside this, customers demand an environment that is quiet, comfortable and maintains their vision of the world around them in all weathers. These aims must be met by designing vehicles that engage customers emotionally, promoting the brand values of manufacturers and operators. This can only be done by collaboration between designers and aerodynamicists. - Examine the latest developments in vehicle aerodynamic development - Explore opportunities to network and share experiences around different areas - Focus on future challenges and the engineering knowledge and technology required to resolve them - Discuss other areas of development including handling and stability, tyre aerodynamics and modelling, aeroacoustics and fluid structure interaction
Annual Report Of The Earth Simulator Center
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Author : Kaiyō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan). Chikyū Shimurēta Sentā
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
Annual Report Of The Earth Simulator Center written by Kaiyō Kenkyū Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan). Chikyū Shimurēta Sentā and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Climatic changes categories.
Multiscale And Multiresolution Approaches In Turbulence
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Author : Pierre Sagaut
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2013
Multiscale And Multiresolution Approaches In Turbulence written by Pierre Sagaut and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with Science categories.
The book aims to provide the reader with an updated general presentation of multiscale/multiresolution approaches in turbulent flow simulations. All modern approaches (LES, hybrid RANS/LES, DES, SAS) are discussed and recast in a global comprehensive framework. Both theoretical features and practical implementation details are addressed. Some full scale applications are described, to provide the reader with relevant guidelines to facilitate a future use of these methods.
Mathematics Of Large Eddy Simulation Of Turbulent Flows
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Author : Luigi Carlo Berselli
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006
Mathematics Of Large Eddy Simulation Of Turbulent Flows written by Luigi Carlo Berselli and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Computers categories.
The LES-method is rapidly developing in many practical applications in engineering The mathematical background is presented here for the first time in book form by one of the leaders in the field
Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing
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Author : Jewel B. Barlow
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1999-02-22
Low Speed Wind Tunnel Testing written by Jewel B. Barlow and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-02-22 with Technology & Engineering categories.
A brand-new edition of the classic guide on low-speed wind tunnel testing While great advances in theoretical and computational methods have been made in recent years, low-speed wind tunnel testing remains essential for obtaining the full range of data needed to guide detailed design decisions for many practical engineering problems. This long-awaited Third Edition of William H. Rae, Jr.'s landmark reference brings together essential information on all aspects of low-speed wind tunnel design, analysis, testing, and instrumentation in one easy-to-use resource. Written by authors who are among the most respected wind tunnel engineers in the world, this edition has been updated to address current topics and applications, and includes coverage of digital electronics, new instrumentation, video and photographic methods, pressure-sensitive paint, and liquid crystal-based measurement methods. The book is organized for quick access to topics of interest, and examines basic test techniques and objectives of modeling and testing aircraft designs in low-speed wind tunnels, as well as applications to fluid motion analysis, automobiles, marine vessels, buildings, bridges, and other structures subject to wind loading. Supplemented with real-world examples throughout, Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Testing, Third Edition is an indispensable resource for aerospace engineering students and professionals, engineers and researchers in the automotive industries, wind tunnel designers, architects, and others who need to get the most from low-speed wind tunnel technology and experiments in their work.
The International Vehicle Aerodynamics Conference
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Author : IMechE
language : en
Publisher: Woodhead Publishing
Release Date : 2014-11-03
The International Vehicle Aerodynamics Conference written by IMechE and has been published by Woodhead Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-11-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aerodynamics has never been more central to the development of cars, commercial vehicles, motorbikes, trains and human powered vehicles, driven by the need for efficiency: reducing carbon dioxide emissions, reducing fuel consumption, increasing range and alleviating problems associated with traffic congestion. Reducing vehicle weight makes it more challenging to ensure that they are stable and handle well over a wide range of environmental conditions. Lighter structures are also more vulnerable to aerodynamically induced vibration. Alongside this, customers demand an environment that is quiet, comfortable and maintains their vision of the world around them in all weathers. These aims must be met by designing vehicles that engage customers emotionally, promoting the brand values of manufacturers and operators. This can only be done by collaboration between designers and aerodynamicists. Examine the latest developments in vehicle aerodynamic development Explore opportunities to network and share experiences around different areas Focus on future challenges and the engineering knowledge and technology required to resolve them Discuss other areas of development including handling and stability, tyre aerodynamics and modelling, aeroacoustics and fluid structure interaction
The Aerodynamics Of Heavy Vehicles Trucks Buses And Trains
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Author : Rose McCallen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2004-09
The Aerodynamics Of Heavy Vehicles Trucks Buses And Trains written by Rose McCallen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09 with Computers categories.
This book includes the carefully edited contributions to the United Engineering Foundation Conference: The Aerodynamics of Heavy Vehicles: Trucks, Buses and Trains held in Monterey, California from December 2-6, 2002. This conference brought together 90 leading engineering researchers discussing the aerodynamic drag of heavy vehicles. The book topics include a comparison of computational fluid dynamics calculations using both steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, large-eddy simulation, and hybrid turbulence models and experimental data obtained from wind tunnel experiments. Advanced experimental techniques including three-dimensional particle image velocimetry are presented as well, along with their use in evaluating drag reduction devices.