Impossible Math Problems
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The Ultimate Challenge
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Author : Jeffrey C. Lagarias
language : en
Publisher: American Mathematical Soc.
Release Date : 2010
The Ultimate Challenge written by Jeffrey C. Lagarias and has been published by American Mathematical Soc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Mathematics categories.
The $3x 1$ problem, or Collatz problem, concerns the following seemingly innocent arithmetic procedure applied to integers: If an integer $x$ is odd then ""multiply by three and add one"", while if it is even then ""divide by two"". The $3x 1$ problem asks whether, starting from any positive integer, repeating this procedure over and over will eventually reach the number 1. Despite its simple appearance, this problem is unsolved. Generalizations of the problem are known to be undecidable, and the problem itself is believed to be extraordinarily difficult. This book reports on what is known on this problem. It consists of a collection of papers, which can be read independently of each other. The book begins with two introductory papers, one giving an overview and current status, and the second giving history and basic results on the problem. These are followed by three survey papers on the problem, relating it to number theory and dynamical systems, to Markov chains and ergodic theory, and to logic and the theory of computation. The next paper presents results on probabilistic models for behavior of the iteration. This is followed by a paper giving the latest computational results on the problem, which verify its truth for $x
Tales Of Impossibility
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Author : David S. Richeson
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2019-10-08
Tales Of Impossibility written by David S. Richeson and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-08 with Mathematics categories.
A comprehensive look at four of the most famous problems in mathematics Tales of Impossibility recounts the intriguing story of the renowned problems of antiquity, four of the most famous and studied questions in the history of mathematics. First posed by the ancient Greeks, these compass and straightedge problems—squaring the circle, trisecting an angle, doubling the cube, and inscribing regular polygons in a circle—have served as ever-present muses for mathematicians for more than two millennia. David Richeson follows the trail of these problems to show that ultimately their proofs—which demonstrated the impossibility of solving them using only a compass and straightedge—depended on and resulted in the growth of mathematics. Richeson investigates how celebrated luminaries, including Euclid, Archimedes, Viète, Descartes, Newton, and Gauss, labored to understand these problems and how many major mathematical discoveries were related to their explorations. Although the problems were based in geometry, their resolutions were not, and had to wait until the nineteenth century, when mathematicians had developed the theory of real and complex numbers, analytic geometry, algebra, and calculus. Pierre Wantzel, a little-known mathematician, and Ferdinand von Lindemann, through his work on pi, finally determined the problems were impossible to solve. Along the way, Richeson provides entertaining anecdotes connected to the problems, such as how the Indiana state legislature passed a bill setting an incorrect value for pi and how Leonardo da Vinci made elegant contributions in his own study of these problems. Taking readers from the classical period to the present, Tales of Impossibility chronicles how four unsolvable problems have captivated mathematical thinking for centuries.
Impossible Math Problems
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Author : Harrison Stewart
language : en
Publisher: Publifye AS
Release Date : 2025-03-31
Impossible Math Problems written by Harrison Stewart and has been published by Publifye AS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-03-31 with Science categories.
Impossible Math Problems tackles some of mathematics' most enduring enigmas, exploring complex equations and unsolved problems that have captivated mathematicians for generations. The book investigates the significance and historical context of these problems, highlighting ongoing attempts at solutions. For instance, the Riemann Hypothesis, a central focus, could unlock secrets about prime number distribution, with implications for cryptography and computer science. Similarly, the Beal Conjecture, a seemingly simple equation, has deep connections to number theory. This book uniquely emphasizes the human side of mathematical discovery, delving into the lives and motivations of mathematicians dedicated to these challenges. Assuming only a basic understanding of high school algebra and geometry, the book introduces more advanced concepts as it progresses. Beginning with core mathematical concepts, each chapter then dedicates itself to a specific problem, outlining its history and significance. Readers will appreciate the book's accessible language, aimed at bridging the gap between technical literature and a general audience. By investigating these challenges, new mathematical tools and insights are revealed, illustrating how the pursuit of 'impossible' problems drives mathematical innovation. The exploration of these unsolved math problems provides a glimpse into the forefront of mathematical research.
The Stanford Mathematics Problem Book
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Author : George Pólya
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 1974-01-01
The Stanford Mathematics Problem Book written by George Pólya and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1974-01-01 with Mathematics categories.
Based on Stanford University's well-known competitive exam, this excellent mathematics workbook offers students at both high school and college levels a complete set of problems, hints, and solutions. 1974 edition.
Solving Mathematical Problems
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Author : Terence Tao
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2006-07-28
Solving Mathematical Problems written by Terence Tao and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-28 with Mathematics categories.
Authored by a leading name in mathematics, this engaging and clearly presented text leads the reader through the tactics involved in solving mathematical problems at the Mathematical Olympiad level. With numerous exercises and assuming only basic mathematics, this text is ideal for students of 14 years and above in pure mathematics.
The Millennium Problems
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Author : Keith J. Devlin
language : en
Publisher: Granta Books
Release Date : 2005
The Millennium Problems written by Keith J. Devlin and has been published by Granta Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Mathematical recreations categories.
In 2000, the Clay Foundation of Cambridge, Massachusetts, announced a historic competition: Whoever could solve any of seven extraordinarily difficult mathematical problems, and have the solution acknowledged as correct by the experts, would receive $1million in prize money. They encompass many of the most fascinating areas of pure and applied mathematics, from topology and number theory to particle physics, cryptography, computing and even aircraft design. Keith Devlin describes here what the seven problems are, how they came about, and what they mean for mathematics and science. In the hands of Devlin, each Millennium Problem becomes a fascinating window onto the deepest questions in the field.
Problems In Algebraic Number Theory
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Author : M. Ram Murty
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005
Problems In Algebraic Number Theory written by M. Ram Murty and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Mathematics categories.
The problems are systematically arranged to reveal the evolution of concepts and ideas of the subject Includes various levels of problems - some are easy and straightforward, while others are more challenging All problems are elegantly solved
Challenging Problems In Algebra
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Author : Alfred S. Posamentier
language : en
Publisher: Courier Corporation
Release Date : 2012-05-04
Challenging Problems In Algebra written by Alfred S. Posamentier and has been published by Courier Corporation this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-04 with Mathematics categories.
Over 300 unusual problems, ranging from easy to difficult, involving equations and inequalities, Diophantine equations, number theory, quadratic equations, logarithms, more. Detailed solutions, as well as brief answers, for all problems are provided.
Unsolved Problems In Number Theory
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Author : Richard Guy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Unsolved Problems In Number Theory written by Richard Guy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Mathematics categories.
To many laymen, mathematicians appear to be problem solvers, people who do "hard sums". Even inside the profession we dassify ouselves as either theorists or problem solvers. Mathematics is kept alive, much more than by the activities of either dass, by the appearance of a succession of unsolved problems, both from within mathematics itself and from the increasing number of disciplines where it is applied. Mathematics often owes more to those who ask questions than to those who answer them. The solution of a problem may stifte interest in the area around it. But "Fermat 's Last Theorem", because it is not yet a theorem, has generated a great deal of "good" mathematics, whether goodness is judged by beauty, by depth or by applicability. To pose good unsolved problems is a difficult art. The balance between triviality and hopeless unsolvability is delicate. There are many simply stated problems which experts tell us are unlikely to be solved in the next generation. But we have seen the Four Color Conjecture settled, even if we don't live long enough to learn the status of the Riemann and Goldbach hypotheses, of twin primes or Mersenne primes, or of odd perfect numbers. On the other hand, "unsolved" problems may not be unsolved at all, or than was at first thought.
Yearning For The Impossible
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Author : John Stillwell
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-05-23
Yearning For The Impossible written by John Stillwell and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-23 with Mathematics categories.
This book explores the history of mathematics from the perspective of the creative tension between common sense and the "impossible" as the author follows the discovery or invention of new concepts that have marked mathematical progress: - Irrational and Imaginary Numbers - The Fourth Dimension - Curved Space - Infinity and others The author puts t