Improved Hydrological Understanding Of A Semi Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques The Incomati River Basin
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Improved Hydrological Understanding Of A Semi Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques The Incomati River Basin
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Author : Saraiva Okello
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2019-05-13
Improved Hydrological Understanding Of A Semi Arid Subtropical Transboundary Basin Using Multiple Techniques The Incomati River Basin written by Saraiva Okello and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-05-13 with Science categories.
This study aims at improving the hydrological process understanding of the semi-arid and transboundary Incomati river basin to enable better water management. Comprehensive statistical and trend analysis of rainfall and streamflow were conducted, and the Indicators of Hydrological Alteration tool was deployed to describe the streamflow regime and trends over time. Land use and land cover change, particularly the conversion of natural vegetation into forest plantation, the expansion of irrigated agriculture and the flow regulation due to dam operation were identified as critical drivers of flow regime alteration. Hydrograph separation using long-term hydrochemical data at seasonal scale, and hydrochemical and isotope data at event scale were performed to quantify runoff components. A novel methodology to calibrate recursive digital filters using routinely collected water quality data was developed and tested in the catchment. This method allows for estimation of daily baseflow from readily available daily streamflow data. Dominant runoff generation zones were mapped using the Height Above Nearest Drainage approach. The hydrological model STREAM was then employed, informed by the runoff generation zones mapping and the process understanding gained in the catchment, as well as remote sensing data. The study provides the basis for better operational water management in the catchment.
Operationalising Hybrid Water Law For Historical Justice
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Author : Mukuyu, Patience
language : en
Publisher: IWMI
Release Date : 2022-11-01
Operationalising Hybrid Water Law For Historical Justice written by Mukuyu, Patience and has been published by IWMI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-11-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Final project report submitted to the Water Research Commission (WRC). Pretoria, South Africa: Water Research Commission (WRC).
Regional State Of The Coast Report
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Author : United Nations Publications
language : en
Publisher: UN
Release Date : 2017-04-03
Regional State Of The Coast Report written by United Nations Publications and has been published by UN this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-04-03 with Political Science categories.
The Regional State of Coast Report for the western Indian Ocean (WIO) is the first comprehensive regional synthesis to provide insights into the enormous economic potential around the WIO, the consequential demand for marine ecosystem goods and services to match the increasing human population, the pace and scale of environmental changes taking place in the region and the opportunities to avoid serious degradation in one of the world's unique and highly biodiverse oceans.
Africa
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Author : United Nations Environment Programme
language : en
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Release Date : 2008
Africa written by United Nations Environment Programme and has been published by UNEP/Earthprint this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Reference categories.
This stunning 400-page Atlas is a unique and powerful publication which brings to light stories of environmental change at more than 100 locations spread across every country in Africa. There are more than 300 satellite images, 300 ground photographs and 150 maps, along with informative graphs and charts that give a vivid visual portrayal of Africa and its changing environment that provide scientific evidence of the impact that natural and human activities have had on the continent's environment over the past several decades. The observations and measurements of environmental change help gauge the extent of progress made by African countries towards reaching the United Nation's Millennium Development Goals. More importantly, this book contributes to the knowledge and understanding that are essential for adaptation and remediation, and should be of immense value to all those who want to know more about Africa and who care about the future of this continent.
Applied Groundwater Studies In Africa
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Author : Segun Adelana
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2008-09-23
Applied Groundwater Studies In Africa written by Segun Adelana and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-23 with Science categories.
Groundwater is Africa‘s most precious natural resource, providing reliable water supplies for many people. Further development of groundwater resources is fundamental to increasing access to safe water across the continent to meet coverage targets and reduce poverty. There is also an increasing interest in the use of groundwater for irrigated
Quantitative Analysis Of Non Cooperative Transboundary River Basins
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Author : Nicolas Avisse
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Quantitative Analysis Of Non Cooperative Transboundary River Basins written by Nicolas Avisse and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Sharing waters in a transboundary river basin is challenging, especially when there is no tradition of cooperation between riparian countries in other, non water-related, issues such as trade. Moreover, as water resources are being developed and climate change is a new source of risk, the lack of shared information on hydrological flows and human/institutional decisions on resources management implies that it is increasingly difficult to distinguish between natural and anthropogenic factors affecting a flow regime. Attempts to retrieve hydrological data in hardly accessible areas have successfully been made using remote sensing. But the use of this technique for water systems modeling efforts, and particularly for characterizing infrastructure or understand water user behaviors, remains challenging as it requires extensive on-the-ground observations and interactions with water resources managers. The scope of most modeling techniques is also limited by their inability to handle the multiplicity of institutions dealing with water, or the impact of their specific and often competing interests on water resources. For decades, this lack of detailed data and suitable modeling techniques has led many studies on non-cooperatively managed international river basins to remain qualitative or conceptual, and has therefore frustrated policy makers for not being able to independently understand and quantify the causes of hydrological changes. In the Yarmouk River basin, for example, which is shared between Syria, Jordan and Israel, the annual outflow now corresponds to less than 15% of that of pre-development era, despite the signature of bilateral agreements between Syria and Jordan (1987), and between Jordan and Israel (1994). This state of affairs has led riparian countries to develop their own, contested, narratives regarding the collapse of the Yarmouk flow. Taking the Yarmouk basin as a case-study, this Ph.D. thesis consequently aims at quantitatively analyzing past hydrological changes in non-cooperatively managed, institutionally complex, over-built, transboundary river basins. This objective goes through two main research activities: (i) the monitoring of small reservoirs' storage in inaccessible areas, as a start to characterize a multi-reservoir system; and (ii) the simulation and analysis of scenarios to quantitatively study changes in a river basin. Results reveal that the contributions of natural and anthropogenic factors to explain the decline of the Yarmouk flows can be identified and then assessed using remote sensing, multi-agent simulation, and scenario analysis.
Transboundary River Basin Management And Sustainable Development
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Author : J. Wessel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Transboundary River Basin Management And Sustainable Development written by J. Wessel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Watershed management categories.
Managing Basin Interdependencies In A Heterogeneous Highly Utilized And Data Scarce River Basin In Semi Arid Africa
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Author : Jeremiah Kipkulei Kiptala
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-04-30
Managing Basin Interdependencies In A Heterogeneous Highly Utilized And Data Scarce River Basin In Semi Arid Africa written by Jeremiah Kipkulei Kiptala and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-04-30 with Nature categories.
For integrated water resources management both blue and green water resources in a river basin and their spatial and temporal distribution have to be considered. This is because green and blue water uses are interdependent. In sub-Saharan Africa, the upper landscapes are often dominated by rainfed and supplementary irrigated agriculture that rely on green water resources. Downstream, most blue water uses are confined to the river channels, mainly for hydropower and the environment. Over time and due to population growth and increased demands for food and energy, water use of both green and blue water has increased. This book provides a quantitative assessment of green-blue water use and their interactions. The book makes a novel contribution by developing a hydrological model that can quantify not only green but also blue water use by many smallholder farmers scattered throughout the landscape. The book provides an innovative framework for mapping ecological productivity where gross returns from water consumed in agricultural and natural vegetation are quantified. The book provides a multi-objective optimization analysis involving green and blue water users, including the environment. The book also assesses the uncertainty levels of using remote sensing data in water resource management at river basin scale.
Ecosystem Services And River Basin Ecohydrology
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Author : Luis Chicharo
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-07-17
Ecosystem Services And River Basin Ecohydrology written by Luis Chicharo and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides an integrated analysis of the methodologies and main processes occurring at the entire river basin, from upstream until the coast, by merging the biological and hydrological processes with the social and economic components, thus providing an integrated framework for river basin management, integrating the ecohydrology approach with the ecosystem services concept.
Integrated Transboundary Water Climate Management Tools
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Author : Nnenesi A. Kgabi
language : en
Publisher: AOSIS
Release Date : 2020-12-31
Integrated Transboundary Water Climate Management Tools written by Nnenesi A. Kgabi and has been published by AOSIS this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-31 with Science categories.
The scholarly theme of the book lends itself to the discipline of earth and atmospheric sciences, with a specific focus on water-climate studies. The book is a scholarly discourse by researchers in the natural sciences, including Hydrologists, Climate Scientists, Environmental Engineers and Water Scientists. The purpose of the book is to address the limited complementarity between the water and climate studies; which is crucial in promoting scientific research that informs policy decisions and implementation of water security plans. The chapters were selected to represent water-climate models and policy research conducted in different river basins in the arid and semi-arid environments. Therefore, the water-climate management tools highlighted in this book include General Circulation Models (GCMs), Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), Africa Flood and Drought Monitor (AFDM), Extreme Precipitation Events (EPEs), R ClimDex, Mixed strategy game models, Standard Precipitation Indices (SPIs), Water Evaluation and Planning System (WEAP), Penman Calculator, and Saturated Volume Fluctuation (SVF).