Improving Democracy Assistance
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Improving Democracy Assistance
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-07-26
Improving Democracy Assistance written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-07-26 with Political Science categories.
Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy. These efforts have created a growing demand to find the most effective means to assist in building and strengthening democratic governance under varied conditions. Since 1990, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported democracy and governance (DG) programs in approximately 120 countries and territories, spending an estimated total of $8.47 billion (in constant 2000 U.S. dollars) between 1990 and 2005. Despite these substantial expenditures, our understanding of the actual impacts of USAID DG assistance on progress toward democracy remains limited-and is the subject of much current debate in the policy and scholarly communities. This book, by the National Research Council, provides a roadmap to enable USAID and its partners to assess what works and what does not, both retrospectively and in the future through improved monitoring and evaluation methods and rebuilding USAID's internal capacity to build, absorb, and act on improved knowledge.
Cuba Democracy Assistance
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Author : David Gootnick
language : en
Publisher: U.S. Government Accountability Office
Release Date : 2013-02-07
Cuba Democracy Assistance written by David Gootnick and has been published by U.S. Government Accountability Office this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-07 with Political Science categories.
The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and Department of State (State) provide democracy assistance for Cuba aimed at developing civil society and promoting freedom of information. Typical program beneficiaries include Cuban community leaders, independent journalists, women, youths, and marginalized groups. USAID receives the majority of funding allocated for this assistance, although State has received 32 percent of funding since 2004. In recent years, both USAID and State have provided more funding for program implementation to for-profit and nongovernmental organizations (NGO) with a worldwide or regional focus than to universities and to NGOs that focus only on Cuba. All types of implementing partners, but worldwide or regional organizations in particular, used subpartners to implement program activities under 21 of the 29 awards and contracts that GAO reviewed. USAID and State legal officials view the Cuba democracy programs authorizing legislation as allowing the agencies discretion in determining the types of activities that can be funded with program assistance. Agency officials added that the agencies ensure that program activities directly relate to democracy promotion as broadly illustrated in related program legislation. The officials stated that organizations are expected to work with agency program officers to determine what activities are permitted or appropriate. In addition, they said that program partners and subpartners are expected to spend U.S. government funds consistent with U.S. laws, and that requirements in primary award agreements generally flow down to any subpartners. USAID has improved its performance and financial monitoring of implementing partners use of program funds by implementing new policies and hiring contractors to improve monitoring and evaluation and to conduct financial internal controls reviews, but GAO found gaps in States financial monitoring. While GAO found some gaps in implementing partners performance planning and reporting, both agencies are taking steps to improve performance monitoring. For financial monitoring, USAID performs financial internal controls reviews of its implementing partners with the assistance of an external auditor. Since 2008, USAID has used a risk-based approach to determine the coverage and frequency of the 30 reviews the auditor has conducted, which have identified weaknesses in implementing partners financial management, procurement, and internal controls. However, because of resource constraints, State did not perform financial internal controls reviews for more than two-thirds of its implementing partners during fiscal years 2010 through 2012. State procured an external financial auditor in September 2012 that plans to review more than half of States implementing partners, and has taken steps toward implementing a risk-based approach for scheduling these reviews. Federal regulations generally require agencies to approve the use of subpartners. GAO found that USAID issued specific guidance in 2011 to its implementing partners on requirements for subpartner approval. While State told GAO it has similar requirements, States requirements are not clearly specified in its written guidance. As a result, State was not provided with the information it would have needed to approve at least 91 subawards and subcontracts that were obligated under eight awards. Why GAO Did This Study: Since 1996, Congress has appropriated $205 million to USAID and State to support democracy assistance for Cuba. Because of Cuban government restrictions, conditions in Cuba pose security risks to the implementing partnersprimarily NGOsand subpartners that provide U.S. assistance. For this report, GAO (1) identified current assistance, implementing partners, subpartners, and beneficiaries; (2) reviewed USAIDs and States efforts to implement the program in accordance with U.S. laws and regulations and to address program risks; and (3) examined USAIDs and States monitoring of the use of program funds. This report is a publicly releasable version of a Sensitive But Unclassified Report that GAO issued in December 2012. What GAO Recommends: GAO is recommending that State take steps to improve its financial monitoring of implementing partners and provide clear guidance for approving subpartners. State concurred with GAOs recommendations and cited steps they are taking to address them.
Democracy Assistance
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Author : David B. Gootnick
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2010-04
Democracy Assistance written by David B. Gootnick and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04 with Political Science categories.
In FY 2006- 2008, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) implemented democracy assistance projects in about 90 countries. The Dept. of State's Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL) and the private, nonprofit National Endowment for Democracy (NED) also fund democracy programs in many of these countries. Partly to lessen the risk of duplicative programs, State recently initiated efforts to reform and consolidate State and USAID foreign assistance processes. This report reviewed: (1) democracy assistance funding provided by USAID, DRL, and NED in FY 2008; (2) USAID, DRL, and NED efforts to coordinate their democracy assistance; and (3) USAID efforts to evaluate the impact of its democracy assistance. Illus.
Cuba Democracy Assistance
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Author : David Gootnick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013-03-08
Cuba Democracy Assistance written by David Gootnick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-08 with Political Science categories.
Improving Democracy Assistance
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2008-06-26
Improving Democracy Assistance written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-06-26 with Political Science categories.
Over the past 25 years, the United States has made support for the spread of democracy to other nations an increasingly important element of its national security policy. These efforts have created a growing demand to find the most effective means to assist in building and strengthening democratic governance under varied conditions. Since 1990, the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has supported democracy and governance (DG) programs in approximately 120 countries and territories, spending an estimated total of $8.47 billion (in constant 2000 U.S. dollars) between 1990 and 2005. Despite these substantial expenditures, our understanding of the actual impacts of USAID DG assistance on progress toward democracy remains limited-and is the subject of much current debate in the policy and scholarly communities. This book, by the National Research Council, provides a roadmap to enable USAID and its partners to assess what works and what does not, both retrospectively and in the future through improved monitoring and evaluation methods and rebuilding USAID's internal capacity to build, absorb, and act on improved knowledge.
Advancing Democracy Abroad
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Author : Michael McFaul
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2009-12-16
Advancing Democracy Abroad written by Michael McFaul and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-12-16 with Political Science categories.
In Advancing Democracy Abroad, McFaul explains how democracy provides a more accountable system of government, greater economic prosperity, and better security compared with other systems of government. He then shows how Americans have benefited from the advance of democracy abroad in the past, and speculates about security, economic, and moral benefits for the United States from potential democratic gains around the world.
Promoting Independent Media
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Author : Krishna Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Promoting Independent Media written by Krishna Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Democracy categories.
Reviews and evaluates international efforts to promote independent media in support of democratization and development.
Evaluating Democracy Assistance
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Author : Krishna Kumar
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Evaluating Democracy Assistance written by Krishna Kumar and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with POLITICAL SCIENCE categories.
A comprehensive, practical guide to the on-the-ground tasks of evaluating and monitoring democracy assistance programs, from planning and implementation to preparing and presenting evaluation reports.
Development Aid Confronts Politics
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Author : Thomas Carothers
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2013-04-01
Development Aid Confronts Politics written by Thomas Carothers and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-01 with Political Science categories.
A new lens on development is changing the world of international aid. The overdue recognition that development in all sectors is an inherently political process is driving aid providers to try to learn how to think and act politically. Major donors are pursuing explicitly political goals alongside their traditional socioeconomic aims and introducing more politically informed methods throughout their work. Yet these changes face an array of external and internal obstacles, from heightened sensitivity on the part of many aid-receiving governments about foreign political interventionism to inflexible aid delivery mechanisms and entrenched technocratic preferences within many aid organizations. This pathbreaking book assesses the progress and pitfalls of the attempted politics revolution in development aid and charts a constructive way forward. Contents: Introduction 1. The New Politics Agenda The Original Framework: 1960s-1980s 2. Apolitical Roots Breaking the Political Taboo: 1990s-2000s 3. The Door Opens to Politics 4. Advancing Political Goals 5. Toward Politically Informed Methods The Way Forward 6. Politically Smart Development Aid 7. The Unresolved Debate on Political Goals 8. The Integration Frontier Conclusion 9. The Long Road to Politics
Transacting Transition
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Author : Keith Brown
language : en
Publisher: Kumarian Press
Release Date : 2006
Transacting Transition written by Keith Brown and has been published by Kumarian Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Civil society categories.
In Transacting Transition, scholars and practitioners with first-hand knowledge of foreign assistance programs, recount what happens when democracy goes local, and principles like transparency, gender equality, interethnic tolerance and cooperation, run up against particular realities-political agendas, self-interest and memories of conflict. Focused on the former Yugoslavia, where the 1990s saw an unprecedented investment of time and energy by a host of international organizations in processes of reconstruction and democracy assistance, the contributors offer description and analysis of diagnostic cases of international intervention to explore how the mission and vision of "democracy promotion" is enacted on the ground. Their experiences reflect wider trends in the evolution of U.S. democracy assistance after the end of the Cold War, which has increasingly focused on locally-oriented development and civic action as a necessary component of democratic transition. In these cases, individuals from outside the region found themselves charged with advancing ambitious agendas of social and political change while dealing with the micropolitics of particular situations-where, for example, village solidarity is fractured by old rivalries, participation in decision-making is habitually restricted by gender or ethnicity, or where donors and implementers disagree on the best way forward. The book includes an overall introduction and eight chapters focusing on case-studies from Kosovo, Serbia and Macedonia. Each case is described by a participant and put in wider context by a short editorial introduction. The book is intended to be broadly accessible to readers and students interested in understanding what is entailed in making grand visions of democratization work. Other Contributors: Jeff S. Merritt, Dennison Lane, Paul J. Nuti, Claire Sneed, Sally Broughton-Micova, Clemson Turregano, and Chip Gagnon.