Improving Disaster Resilience And Mitigation It Means And Tools
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Improving Disaster Resilience And Mitigation It Means And Tools
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Author : Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-08
Improving Disaster Resilience And Mitigation It Means And Tools written by Horia-Nicolai Teodorescu and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-08 with Computers categories.
The focus of this volume is comprised of the fundamentals, models, and information technologies (IT) methods and tools for disaster prediction and mitigation. A more detailed list of topics includes mathematical and computational modeling of processes leading to or producing disasters, modeling of disaster effects, IT means for disaster mitigation, including data mining tools, knowledge-based and expert systems for use in disaster circumstances, GIS-based systems for disaster prevention and mitigation and equipment for disaster-prone areas. A specific type or class of disasters (natural or human-made), however will not be part of the main focus of this work. Instead, this book was conceived to offer a comprehensive, integrative view on disasters, seeking to determine what various disasters have in common. Because disaster resilience and mitigation involve humans, societies and cultures, not only technologies and economic models, special attention was paid in this volume to gain a comprehensive view on these issues, as a foundation of the IT tool design.
Improving Disaster Resilience And Mitigation New Means And Tools Trends
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014-10-01
Improving Disaster Resilience And Mitigation New Means And Tools Trends written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-10-01 with categories.
The focus of this volume is comprised of the fundamentals, models, and information technologies (IT) methods and tools for disaster prediction and mitigation. A more detailed list of topics includes mathematical and computational modeling of processes leading to or producing disasters, modeling of disaster effects, IT means for disaster mitigation, including data mining tools, knowledge-based and expert systems for use in disaster circumstances, GIS-based systems for disaster prevention and mitigation and equipment for disaster-prone areas. A specific type or class of disasters (natural or human-made), however will not be part of the main focus of this work. Instead, this book was conceived to offer a comprehensive, integrative view on disasters, seeking to determine what various disasters have in common. Because disaster resilience and mitigation involve humans, societies and cultures, not only technologies and economic models, special attention was paid in this volume to gain a comprehensive view on these issues, as a foundation of the IT tool design.
Disaster Resilience
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Author : National Academies
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2012-12-29
Disaster Resilience written by National Academies and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-29 with Science categories.
No person or place is immune from disasters or disaster-related losses. Infectious disease outbreaks, acts of terrorism, social unrest, or financial disasters in addition to natural hazards can all lead to large-scale consequences for the nation and its communities. Communities and the nation thus face difficult fiscal, social, cultural, and environmental choices about the best ways to ensure basic security and quality of life against hazards, deliberate attacks, and disasters. Beyond the unquantifiable costs of injury and loss of life from disasters, statistics for 2011 alone indicate economic damages from natural disasters in the United States exceeded $55 billion, with 14 events costing more than a billion dollars in damages each. One way to reduce the impacts of disasters on the nation and its communities is to invest in enhancing resilience-the ability to prepare and plan for, absorb, recover from and more successfully adapt to adverse events. Disaster Resilience: A National Imperative addresses the broad issue of increasing the nation's resilience to disasters. This book defines "national resilience", describes the state of knowledge about resilience to hazards and disasters, and frames the main issues related to increasing resilience in the United States. It also provide goals, baseline conditions, or performance metrics for national resilience and outlines additional information, data, gaps, and/or obstacles that need to be addressed to increase the nation's resilience to disasters. Additionally, the book's authoring committee makes recommendations about the necessary approaches to elevate national resilience to disasters in the United States. Enhanced resilience allows better anticipation of disasters and better planning to reduce disaster losses-rather than waiting for an event to occur and paying for it afterward. Disaster Resilience confronts the topic of how to increase the nation's resilience to disasters through a vision of the characteristics of a resilient nation in the year 2030. Increasing disaster resilience is an imperative that requires the collective will of the nation and its communities. Although disasters will continue to occur, actions that move the nation from reactive approaches to disasters to a proactive stance where communities actively engage in enhancing resilience will reduce many of the broad societal and economic burdens that disasters can cause.
Emerging Technologies For Disaster Resilience
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Author : Mihoko Sakurai
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-05-06
Emerging Technologies For Disaster Resilience written by Mihoko Sakurai and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05-06 with Nature categories.
Technological advances have helped to enhance disaster resilience through better risk reduction, response, mitigation, rehabilitation and reconstruction. In former times, it was local and traditional knowledge that was mainly relied upon for disaster risk reduction. Much of this local knowledge is still valid in today’s world, even though possibly in different forms and contexts, and local knowledge remains a shared part of life within the communities. In contrast, with the advent of science and technology, scientists and engineers have become owners of advanced technologies, which have contributed significantly to reducing disaster risks across the globe. This book analyses emerging technologies and their effects in enhancing disaster resilience. It also evaluates the gaps, challenges, capacities required and the way forward for future disaster management. A wide variety of technologies are addressed, focusing specifically on new technologies such as cyber physical systems, geotechnology, drone, and virtual reality (VR)/ augmented reality (AR). Other sets of emerging advanced technologies including an early warning system and a decision support system are also reported on. Moreover, the book provides a variety of discussions regarding information management, communication, and community resilience at the time of a disaster. This book’s coverage of different aspects of new technologies makes it a valuable resource for students, researchers, academics, policymakers, and development practitioners.
Investing In Disaster Risk Reduction For Resilience
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Author : A. Nuno Martins
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2022-03-15
Investing In Disaster Risk Reduction For Resilience written by A. Nuno Martins and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-15 with Science categories.
Disaster prevention and the mitigation of climate change effects call for global action. Joint efforts are required among countries, economic sectors, and public and private stakeholders. Not surprisingly, international organizations, such as the United Nations agencies, propose policy frameworks aimed at worldwide influence. The 2015–2030 Sendai Framework seeks to create consensus about the need to act for disaster risk reduction and climate adaptation. A key goal is to promote investments in risk reduction and resilience. But how useful is this policy framework? What does it say, and what does it overlook? How can it be implemented among vulnerable communities, in historic sites, and in other sensitive locations affected by disasters? In this book, prominent scholars and practitioners examine the successes and failures of the Sendai Framework. Their case studies show that, despite its good intentions, the Framework achieves very little. The main reason is that, while avoiding a political engagement, it fails to deal with disasters’ root causes and guide the difficult path of effective implementation.The authors bring a fresh look to international policy and design practices, highlighting cross-disciplinary research avenues, and ideas and methods for low-income communities, cities and heritage sites in Portugal, Haiti, the United States, the Philippines, New Zealand, Sri Lanka, Nigeria, among other countries.Global action requires collaboration between heterogeneous stakeholders, but also the recognition of inequalities, power imbalances, and social and environmental injustices. Analyzes outcomes and drawbacks of implementing the third priority of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction Presents real-life attempts to increase risk resilience and climate-change adaptation, both before and after disasters Addresses design as a means to build resilience in community and heritage interventions Calls for embracing the complexities and dynamic character of DRR and climate-change knowledge, investment, and communication
Handbook Of Disaster Risk Reduction For Resilience
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Author : Saeid Eslamian
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-06-14
Handbook Of Disaster Risk Reduction For Resilience written by Saeid Eslamian and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-14 with Nature categories.
This book is part of a six-volume series on Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience. The series aims to fill in gaps in theory and practice in the Sendai Framework, and provides additional resources, methodologies and communication strategies to enhance the plan for action and targets proposed by the Sendai Framework. The series will appeal to a broad range of researchers, academics, students, policy makers and practitioners in engineering, environmental science and geography, geoscience, emergency management, finance, community adaptation, atmospheric science and information technology. This volume discusses how to measure and build disaster resilience at society’s capacity, drawing upon individual, institutional and collective resources to cope with and adapt to the demands and challenges of natural disaster occurrences. The book will serve as a guide, outlining the key indicators of disaster resilience in urban and rural settings, and the resources and strategies needed to build resilient communities in accordance with the targets of the Sendai Framework. Readers will learn about multi-risk reduction approaches using computational methods, data mining techniques, and System Thinking at various scales, as well as institutional and infrastructure resilience strategies based on several case studies.
Improving Disaster Management
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2007-06-01
Improving Disaster Management written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-01 with Computers categories.
Information technology (IT) has the potential to play a critical role in managing natural and human-made disasters. Damage to communications infrastructure, along with other communications problems exacerbated the difficulties in carrying out response and recovery efforts following Hurricane Katrina. To assist government planning in this area, the Congress, in the E-government Act of 2002, directed the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to request the NRC to conduct a study on the application of IT to disaster management. This report characterizes disaster management providing a framework for considering the range and nature of information and communication needs; presents a vision of the potential for IT to improve disaster management; provides an analysis of structural, organizational, and other non-technical barriers to the acquisition, adoption, and effective use of IT in disaster; and offers an outline of a research program aimed at strengthening IT-enabled capabilities for disaster management.
Urban Resilience For Emergency Response And Recovery
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Author : Gian Paolo Cimellaro
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-06-04
Urban Resilience For Emergency Response And Recovery written by Gian Paolo Cimellaro and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-04 with Science categories.
This book introduces the concepts of Resilience-Based Design (RBD) as an extension of Performance-Based Design. It provides readers with a range of cutting-edge methodologies for evaluating resilience and clarifies the difference between resilience, vulnerability and sustainability. Initially, the book focuses on describing the different types of uncertainty that arise in the context of resilience evaluation. This is followed by an entire chapter dedicated to the analytical and experimental recovery functions. Then, starting from the definition of resilience provided by MCEER, an extension of the methodology is provided that introduces the seven dimensions of Community Resilience, summarized in the acronym PEOPLES. They are: Population and Demographics, Environmental/Ecosystem, Organized Governmental Services, Physical infrastructures, Lifestyle and Community Competence, Economic Development, and Socio-Cultural Capital. For each dimension, components and subcomponents are defined and the related indices are provided. Underlining the importance of the physical infrastructure dimension, the book provides several examples of applications for transportation, hydraulic, gas and power networks. The problem of interdependencies and the domino effect is also taken into account during the analysis. One of the book’s closing chapters focuses on different methodologies for improving disaster preparedness and engineering mitigation strategies, while the last chapter describes the different computer platforms available on the market for evaluating Community Resilience. The book offers readers an extensive introduction to the concept of Resilience-Based Design, together with selected advanced applications for specialists. No prerequisite knowledge is needed in order to understand the book, and the Appendix offers valuable supplemental information on e.g. the probabilistic concepts. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for graduate students, young engineers and researchers who are interested in the topic, and can also be used as a supplementary text in graduate level Disaster Resilience courses.
Applications Of Social Network Analysis For Building Community Disaster Resilience
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-07-23
Applications Of Social Network Analysis For Building Community Disaster Resilience written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-07-23 with Political Science categories.
Social Network Analysis (SNA) is the identification of the relationships and attributes of members, key actors, and groups that social networks comprise. The National Research Council, at the request of the Department of Homeland Security, held a two-day workshop on the use of SNA for the purpose of building community disaster resilience. The workshop, summarized in this volume, was designed to provide guidance to the DHS on a potential research agenda that would increase the effectiveness of SNA for improving community disaster resilience. The workshop explored the state of the art in SNA and its applications in the identification, construction, and strengthening of networks within U.S. communities. Workshop participants discussed current work in SNA focused on characterizing networks; the theories, principles and research applicable to the design or strengthening of networks; the gaps in knowledge that prevent the application of SNA to the construction of networks; and research areas that could fill those gaps. Elements of a research agenda to support the design, development, and implementation of social networks for the specific purpose of strengthening community resilience against natural and human-made disasters were discussed.
Successful Response Starts With A Map
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2007-01-19
Successful Response Starts With A Map written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-19 with Science categories.
In the past few years the United States has experienced a series of disasters, such as Hurricane Katrina in 2005, which have severely taxed and in many cases overwhelmed responding agencies. In all aspects of emergency management, geospatial data and tools have the potential to help save lives, limit damage, and reduce the costs of dealing with emergencies. Great strides have been made in the past four decades in the development of geospatial data and tools that describe locations of objects on the Earth's surface and make it possible for anyone with access to the Internet to witness the magnitude of a disaster. However, the effectiveness of any technology is as much about the human systems in which it is embedded as about the technology itself. Successful Response Starts with a Map assesses the status of the use of geospatial data, tools, and infrastructure in disaster management, and recommends ways to increase and improve their use. This book explores emergency planning and response; how geospatial data and tools are currently being used in this field; the current policies that govern their use; various issues related to data accessibility and security; training; and funding. Successful Response Starts with a Map recommends significant investments be made in training of personnel, coordination among agencies, sharing of data and tools, planning and preparedness, and the tools themselves.