In Defence Of Objective Bayesianism
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In Defence Of Objective Bayesianism
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Author : Jon Williamson
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-05-13
In Defence Of Objective Bayesianism written by Jon Williamson and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-13 with Mathematics categories.
How strongly should you believe the various propositions that you can express? That is the key question facing Bayesian epistemology. Subjective Bayesians hold that it is largely (though not entirely) up to the agent as to which degrees of belief to adopt. Objective Bayesians, on the other hand, maintain that appropriate degrees of belief are largely (though not entirely) determined by the agent's evidence. This book states and defends a version of objective Bayesian epistemology. According to this version, objective Bayesianism is characterized by three norms: · Probability - degrees of belief should be probabilities · Calibration - they should be calibrated with evidence · Equivocation - they should otherwise equivocate between basic outcomes Objective Bayesianism has been challenged on a number of different fronts. For example, some claim it is poorly motivated, or fails to handle qualitative evidence, or yields counter-intuitive degrees of belief after updating, or suffers from a failure to learn from experience. It has also been accused of being computationally intractable, susceptible to paradox, language dependent, and of not being objective enough. Especially suitable for graduates or researchers in philosophy of science, foundations of statistics and artificial intelligence, the book argues that these criticisms can be met and that objective Bayesianism is a promising theory with an exciting agenda for further research.
The Logic Of Objective Bayesianism
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Author : H. L. F. Verbraak
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
The Logic Of Objective Bayesianism written by H. L. F. Verbraak and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Bayesian statistical decision theory categories.
Lectures On Inductive Logic
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Author : Jon Williamson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017-01-19
Lectures On Inductive Logic written by Jon Williamson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-19 with Mathematics categories.
Logic is a field studied mainly by researchers and students of philosophy, mathematics and computing. Inductive logic seeks to determine the extent to which the premisses of an argument entail its conclusion, aiming to provide a theory of how one should reason in the face of uncertainty. It has applications to decision making and artificial intelligence, as well as how scientists should reason when not in possession of the full facts. In this book, Jon Williamson embarks on a quest to find a general, reasonable, applicable inductive logic (GRAIL), all the while examining why pioneers such as Ludwig Wittgenstein and Rudolf Carnap did not entirely succeed in this task. Along the way he presents a general framework for the field, and reaches a new inductive logic, which builds upon recent developments in Bayesian epistemology (a theory about how strongly one should believe the various propositions that one can express). The book explores this logic in detail, discusses some key criticisms, and considers how it might be justified. Is this truly the GRAIL? Although the book presents new research, this material is well suited to being delivered as a series of lectures to students of philosophy, mathematics, or computing and doubles as an introduction to the field of inductive logic
Methods Methodologies And Perspectives In The Humanities And Social Sciences With Particular Reference To Islamic Studies A Critical Rationalist Interpretation
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Author : Ali Paya
language : en
Publisher: ICAS Press
Release Date : 2021-01-01
Methods Methodologies And Perspectives In The Humanities And Social Sciences With Particular Reference To Islamic Studies A Critical Rationalist Interpretation written by Ali Paya and has been published by ICAS Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-01-01 with Social Science categories.
This book presents the first comprehensive introduction to methods and methodologies in the humanities and social sciences in general, and Islamic Studies in particular, from a critical rationalist point of view. The book aims to be a self-sufficient theoretical and practical guide to the topics that it introduces. It contains a large selection of fully worked out review activities and review questions plus topics for further discussion which are devised to assist readers to better understand the issues which are discussed in the book. Last but not least, all efforts have been made to make sure that most (if not all) of the reading materials which are recommended in the book are not only of the highest quality but also freely available on the internet.
Bayesian Philosophy Of Science
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Author : Jan Sprenger
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-23
Bayesian Philosophy Of Science written by Jan Sprenger and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-23 with Philosophy categories.
How should we reason in science? Jan Sprenger and Stephan Hartmann offer a refreshing take on classical topics in philosophy of science, using a single key concept to explain and to elucidate manifold aspects of scientific reasoning. They present good arguments and good inferences as being characterized by their effect on our rational degrees of belief. Refuting the view that there is no place for subjective attitudes in 'objective science', Sprenger and Hartmann explain the value of convincing evidence in terms of a cycle of variations on the theme of representing rational degrees of belief by means of subjective probabilities (and changing them by Bayesian conditionalization). In doing so, they integrate Bayesian inference—the leading theory of rationality in social science—with the practice of 21st century science. Bayesian Philosophy of Science thereby shows how modeling such attitudes improves our understanding of causes, explanations, confirming evidence, and scientific models in general. It combines a scientifically minded and mathematically sophisticated approach with conceptual analysis and attention to methodological problems of modern science, especially in statistical inference, and is therefore a valuable resource for philosophers and scientific practitioners.
The Science Of Conjecture
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Author : James Franklin
language : en
Publisher: JHU Press
Release Date : 2015-08
The Science Of Conjecture written by James Franklin and has been published by JHU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08 with History categories.
The Science of Conjecture provides a history of rational methods of dealing with uncertainty and explores the coming to consciousness of the human understanding of risk.
The Routledge Handbook Of Philosophy Of Information
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Author : Luciano Floridi
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-06-17
The Routledge Handbook Of Philosophy Of Information written by Luciano Floridi and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-17 with Philosophy categories.
Information and communication technology occupies a central place in the modern world, with society becoming increasingly dependent on it every day. It is therefore unsurprising that it has become a growing subject area in contemporary philosophy, which relies heavily on informational concepts. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information is an outstanding reference source to the key topics and debates in this exciting subject and is the first collection of its kind. Comprising over thirty chapters by a team of international contributors the Handbook is divided into four parts: basic ideas quantitative and formal aspects natural and physical aspects human and semantic aspects. Within these sections central issues are examined, including probability, the logic of information, informational metaphysics, the philosophy of data and evidence, and the epistemic value of information. The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information is essential reading for students and researchers in philosophy, computer science and communication studies.
Probabilistic Logics And Probabilistic Networks
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Author : Rolf Haenni
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-11-19
Probabilistic Logics And Probabilistic Networks written by Rolf Haenni and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-19 with Science categories.
While probabilistic logics in principle might be applied to solve a range of problems, in practice they are rarely applied - perhaps because they seem disparate, complicated, and computationally intractable. This programmatic book argues that several approaches to probabilistic logic fit into a simple unifying framework in which logically complex evidence is used to associate probability intervals or probabilities with sentences. Specifically, Part I shows that there is a natural way to present a question posed in probabilistic logic, and that various inferential procedures provide semantics for that question, while Part II shows that there is the potential to develop computationally feasible methods to mesh with this framework. The book is intended for researchers in philosophy, logic, computer science and statistics. A familiarity with mathematical concepts and notation is presumed, but no advanced knowledge of logic or probability theory is required.
Knowing Science
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Author : Alexander Bird
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-10-06
Knowing Science written by Alexander Bird and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-06 with Knowledge, Theory of categories.
In Knowing Science, Alexander Bird presents an epistemology of science that rejects empiricism and gives a central place to the concept of knowledge. Science aims at knowledge and progresses when it adds to the stock of knowledge. That knowledge is social knowing--it is known by thescientific community as a whole. Evidence is that from which knowledge can be obtained by inference. From this, it follows that evidence is knowledge, and is not limited to perception, nor to observation. Observation supplies evidence that is basic relative to a field of enquiry and can be highlynon-perceptual. Theoretical knowledge is typically gained by inference to the only explanation, in which competing plausible hypotheses are falsified by the evidence. In cases where not all competing hypotheses are refuted, scientific hypotheses are not known but instead possess varying degrees ofplausibility. Plausibilities in the light of the evidence are probabilities and link eliminative explanationism to Bayesian conditionalization. Bird argues that scientific realism and anti-realism as global metascientific claims should be rejected-the track record gives us only local metascientificclaims.
Bayesian Psychometric Modeling
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Author : Roy Levy
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-07-28
Bayesian Psychometric Modeling written by Roy Levy and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-28 with Mathematics categories.
A Single Cohesive Framework of Tools and Procedures for Psychometrics and Assessment Bayesian Psychometric Modeling presents a unified Bayesian approach across traditionally separate families of psychometric models. It shows that Bayesian techniques, as alternatives to conventional approaches, offer distinct and profound advantages in achieving many goals of psychometrics. Adopting a Bayesian approach can aid in unifying seemingly disparate—and sometimes conflicting—ideas and activities in psychometrics. This book explains both how to perform psychometrics using Bayesian methods and why many of the activities in psychometrics align with Bayesian thinking. The first part of the book introduces foundational principles and statistical models, including conceptual issues, normal distribution models, Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation, and regression. Focusing more directly on psychometrics, the second part covers popular psychometric models, including classical test theory, factor analysis, item response theory, latent class analysis, and Bayesian networks. Throughout the book, procedures are illustrated using examples primarily from educational assessments. A supplementary website provides the datasets, WinBUGS code, R code, and Netica files used in the examples.