In Situ Bioremediation Of Perchlorate In Groundwater

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In Situ Bioremediation Of Perchlorate In Groundwater

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Author : Hans F. Stroo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-12-02

In Situ Bioremediation Of Perchlorate In Groundwater written by Hans F. Stroo and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Superfund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid 1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action”, our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing technologies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Optimizing Of In Situ Bioremediation Technology To Manage Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater

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Author : Mark R. Knarr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003-03-01

Optimizing Of In Situ Bioremediation Technology To Manage Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater written by Mark R. Knarr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-03-01 with Bioremediation categories.

Combining horizontal flow treatment wells (HFTWs) with in situ biodegradation is an innovative approach with the potential to remediate perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. A technology model was recently developed that combines the groundwater flow induced by HFTWs with in situ biodegradation processes that result from using the HFTWs to mix electron donor into perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. A field demonstration of this approach is planned to begin this year. In order to apply the technology in the field, project managers need to understand how contaminated site conditions and technology design parameters impact technology performance. One way to gain this understanding is to use the technology model to select engineering design parameters that optimize performance under given site conditions. In particular, a project manager desires to design a system that: 1) maximizes perchlorate destruction; 2) minimizes treatment expense; and 3) attains regulatory limits on down gradient contaminant concentrations. Unfortunately, for a relatively complex technology with a number of engineering design parameters to determine, as well as multiple objectives, system optimization is not straightforward. In this study, a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) is used to determine design parameter values (flow rate, well spacing, concentration of injected electron donor, and injection schedule) that optimize the first two objectives noted; to maximize perchlorate destruction while minimizing cost. Four optimization runs are performed, using two different remediation time spans (300 and 600 days) for two different sets of site conditions. Results from all four optimization runs indicate that the relationship between perchlorate mass removal and operating cost is positively correlated and nonlinear.

Modeling A Field Application Of In Situ Bioremediation Of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater Using Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells Hftws

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Author : Peter G. Chosa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-03-01

Modeling A Field Application Of In Situ Bioremediation Of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater Using Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells Hftws written by Peter G. Chosa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-01 with Bioremediation categories.

Perchlorate contaminated groundwater is rapidly becoming a significant environmental remediation issue for the Department of Defense. In this study, an existing numerical model that simulates the operation of a Horizontal Flow Treatment Well (HFTW) system to effect the in situ biodegradation of perchlorate through the addition of an electron donor is modified to include a submodel that describes bioclogging. Bioclogging restricts flow out of the HFTW due to the accumulation of biomass directly adjacent to the well. The modified model is then applied to an existing perchlorate contaminated site that will be used for an evaluation of the HFTW technology. Simulations were conducted to determine the impact of altering various engineered parameters on HFTW performance. Simulation results indicate that higher time averaged electron donor concentrations and HFTW pumping rates lead to more perchlorate degradation in terms of total mass of perchlorate removed. Simulation results also indicate that varying the electron donor addition schedule has little impact on HFTW performance. The simulations conducted in this study show that, regardless of the engineered parameter values, bioclogging does not impact the ability of the HFTW technology to effect in situ biodegradation of perchlorate at the evaluation site.

Field Demonstration Of In Situ Perchlorate Bioremediation At Building 1419

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Author : Randall J. Cramer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004-01-01

Field Demonstration Of In Situ Perchlorate Bioremediation At Building 1419 written by Randall J. Cramer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with categories.

The Applied Technology Department at the Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center and Shaw Environmental, Inc., have just successfully completed a field demonstration of in situ bioremediation of a groundwater aquifer contaminated with perchlorate. Using a recirculation cell design, naturally occurring microorganisms were stimulated to degrade perchlorate by injecting a food source (lactate) and neutralizing the groundwater acidity with a carbonate buffer. Starting with perchlorate concentrations in excess of 210 mg/L, perchlorate levels were reduced by more than 95% in eight of the nine test plot monitoring wells over the 5 months of sampling. In two of the monitoring wells, the perchlorate levels were lowered to less than 5 ppb. In addition to the perchlorate levels and the pH, alkalinity, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations were measured. In situ bioremediation techniques are much less expensive and significantly lower in maintenance than traditional ex situ pump- and-treat systems. This is the first field trial conducted on the east coast of the United States, the first trial performed in an acidic aquifer, and the first demonstration of treating in situ perchlorate levels in excess of 200 mg/L. This project provides new and valuable information concerning the application of bioremediation for in situ perchlorate treatment.

Field Demonstration Of In Situ Perchlorate Bioremediation At Building 1419

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Field Demonstration Of In Situ Perchlorate Bioremediation At Building 1419 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.

The Applied Technology Department at the Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center and Shaw Environmental, Inc., have just successfully completed a field demonstration of in situ bioremediation of a groundwater aquifer contaminated with perchlorate. Using a recirculation cell design, naturally occurring microorganisms were stimulated to degrade perchlorate by injecting a food source (lactate) and neutralizing the groundwater acidity with a carbonate buffer. Starting with perchlorate concentrations in excess of 210 mg/L, perchlorate levels were reduced by more than 95% in eight of the nine test plot monitoring wells over the 5 months of sampling. In two of the monitoring wells, the perchlorate levels were lowered to less than 5 ppb. In addition to the perchlorate levels and the pH, alkalinity, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations were measured. In situ bioremediation techniques are much less expensive and significantly lower in maintenance than traditional ex situ pump-and-treat systems. This is the first field trial conducted on the east coast of the United States, the first trial performed in an acidic aquifer, and the first demonstration of treating in situ perchlorate levels in excess of 200 mg/L. This project provides new and valuable information concerning the application of bioremediation for in situ perchlorate treatment.

Perchlorate In The Environment

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Author : Edward Todd Urbansky
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Perchlorate In The Environment written by Edward Todd Urbansky and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Based on a symposium sponsored by the Environmental Division of the American Chemical Society, Perchlorate in the Environment is the first comprehensive book to address perchlorate as a potable water contaminant. The two main topics are: analytical chemistry (focusing on ion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry), and treatment or remediation. Also included are topics such as ion exchange, phytoremediation, bacterial reduction of perchlorate, bioreactors, and in situ bioremediation. To provide complete coverage, background chapters on fundamental chemistry, toxicology, and reulatory issues are also included. The authors are environmental consultants, government researchers, industry experts, and university professors from a wide array of disciplines.

Application Of Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells For In Situ Treatment Of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater

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Author : Jeffrey C. Parr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002-03-01

Application Of Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells For In Situ Treatment Of Perchlorate Contaminated Groundwater written by Jeffrey C. Parr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-01 with Groundwater categories.

Groundwater contamination by perchlorate has recently been recognized as a significant environmental problem across the United States, and especially at Department of Defense facilities. In this study, a model is used to evaluate the potential of a innovative in situ bioremediation technology using Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells (HFTWs) to manage perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. The technology uses HFTWs to mix an electron donor into perchlorate-contaminated groundwater in order to promote reduction of the perchlorate by indigenous microorganisms in bioactive zones within the aquifer, as well as recirculate the contaminated water between treatment well pairs to achieve multiple passes of contaminated water through the bioactive zones. The model used in this study couples a three-dimensional fate and transport model, which simulates advective/ dispersive transport of solutes induced by regional groundwater flow and operation of the HFTW's, with a biodegradation model that simulates perchlorate reduction, as well as reduction of competing electron acceptors in the groundwater, by indigenous microorganisms. The model was applied to an example site to demonstrate how in situ perchlorate treatment might be implemented. A sensitivity analysis using the model is also conducted to evaluate which engineered and environmental parameters most affect technology performance. Model simulation results demonstrate that this technology may be effective in managing perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. The recirculation induced by the HFTW system results in increased treatment efficiency, as compared to treatment that would be achieved by a single pass of contaminated water through the bioactive zones. It was observed that the model was very sensitive to several kinetic parameters, indicating that a fruitful area for future research would be to study how these important parameters can be accurately quantified for given geochemical and microbiological conditions.

In Situ Bioremediation Of Ground Water And Geological Material

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Author : Robert D. Norris
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1995-08

In Situ Bioremediation Of Ground Water And Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-08 with categories.

Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.

Perchlorate

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Author : Kathleen Sellers
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2006-08-30

Perchlorate written by Kathleen Sellers and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-30 with Science categories.

The development of analytical methods for identifying widespread perchlorate contamination brought about an explosion of research into the environmental problems and their potential solutions along with a corresponding increase in the availability of information. Unlike reference works that focus on only a few aspects of this contaminant, Perchlora

Engineered Approaches To In Situ Bioremediation Of Chlorinated Solvents

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2000

Engineered Approaches To In Situ Bioremediation Of Chlorinated Solvents written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with In situ bioremediation categories.