In Situ Spectroscopy In Heterogeneous Catalysis
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In Situ Spectroscopy In Heterogeneous Catalysis
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Author : James F. Haw
language : en
Publisher: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH
Release Date : 2002
In Situ Spectroscopy In Heterogeneous Catalysis written by James F. Haw and has been published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Heterogeneous catalysis categories.
"Not using in-situ methods to examine catalytic processes is like studying a life with access only to the prenatal and postmortem states." This quote from the world renowned specialist in the field of in situ methods, Gabor A. Somorjai, clearly emphasizes the importance of these techniques in understanding heterogeneous catalysis - a type of chemical reaction used nowadays for most chemically produced supplies and fuels. Yet the fundamental mechanisms are often still not completely understood. Many of the leading scientists in the field have contributed to this book which provides an overview of the most varied spectroscopic and related methods for studying catalytic structures and their functions during a chemical reaction. While primarily written for users of these methods, this is also a valuable aid to interpreting the phenomena observed. Indispensable for everyone working in the field.
In Situ Characterization Of Heterogeneous Catalysts
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Author : José A. Rodriguez
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-04-17
In Situ Characterization Of Heterogeneous Catalysts written by José A. Rodriguez and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-04-17 with Science categories.
Helps researchers develop new catalysts for sustainable fueland chemical production Reviewing the latest developments in the field, this bookexplores the in-situ characterization of heterogeneous catalysts,enabling readers to take full advantage of the sophisticatedtechniques used to study heterogeneous catalysts and reactionmechanisms. In using these techniques, readers can learn to improvethe selectivity and the performance of catalysts and how to preparecatalysts as efficiently as possible, with minimum waste. In-situ Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts featurescontributions from leading experts in the field of catalysis. Itbegins with an introduction to the fundamentals and thencovers: Characterization of electronic and structural properties ofcatalysts using X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy Techniques for structural characterization based on X-raydiffraction, neutron scattering, and pair distribution functionanalysis Microscopy and morphological studies Techniques for studying the interaction of adsorbates withcatalyst surfaces, including infrared spectroscopy, Ramanspectroscopy, EPR, and moderate pressure XPS Integration of techniques that provide information on thestructural properties of catalysts with techniques that facilitatethe study of surface reactions Throughout the book, detailed examples illustrate how techniquesfor studying catalysts and reaction mechanisms can be applied tosolve a broad range of problems in heterogeneous catalysis.Detailed figures help readers better understand how and why thetechniques discussed in the book work. At the end of each chapter,an extensive set of references leads to the primary literature inthe field. By explaining step by step modern techniques for the in-situcharacterization of heterogeneous catalysts, this book enableschemical scientists and engineers to better understand catalystbehavior and design new catalysts for green, sustainable fuel andchemical production.
Spectroscopy In Heterogeneous Catalysis
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Author : W Delgass
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Spectroscopy In Heterogeneous Catalysis written by W Delgass and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Spectroscopy in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with the applications of spectroscopy in heterogeneous catalysis. The concepts and capabilities of a particular technique, experimental procedures, and examples of all proven or potentially important applications are discussed. The use of spectroscopic measurements in guiding empirical approaches to applied problems and to fundamental studies of the chemical identity of catalytic surfaces is also described. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a discussion on the scope of spectroscopy in catalysis and applications of spectroscopy to zeolite catalysts. The following chapters focus on infrared spectroscopy, with emphasis on the theory and interpretation of infrared spectra; Raman spectroscopy and the theory of the Raman effect; diffuse reflectance and photoacoustic spectroscopies; and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are also considered. The final chapter is devoted to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and its application to core electrons, along with the experimental equipment and procedures used. The applications of XPS to studies of surface behavior and catalyst composition and chemistry are outlined. This monograph will be a useful resource for physicists, researchers, and potential researchers in heterogeneous catalysis.
Spectroscopy In Catalysis
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Author : J. W. Niemantsverdriet
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-09-24
Spectroscopy In Catalysis written by J. W. Niemantsverdriet and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-09-24 with Science categories.
Superbly organized and of great pedagogic value, 'Spectroscopy in Catalysis' describes the most important modern analytical techniques used to investigate catalytic surfaces. These include electron, ion, and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, temperature-programmed techniques, diffraction, and microscopy. With the focus on practical use, rather than theory, each chapter presents current applications to illustrate the type of information that the technique provides and evaluates its possibilities and limitations, allowing selection of the best catalyst and the correct technique to solve a given problem. This third edition includes significant new developments and case studies, with all the chapters updated by way of recent examples and relevant new literature. For students and for everyone who wants a digestible introduction to catalyst characterization. From reviews of the previous editions: 'This is a truly valuable book ... very useful for industrial practitioners who need to be aware of the type of information that can be obtained from modern surface spectroscopies .... The book has a superb pedagogic value...' Journal of Catalysis '... this is an excellent text on spectroscopies in catalysis and I highly recommend it for ... introductory courses on heterogeneous catalysis or as a general introductory monograph.' Journal of the American Chemical Society
Catalysis
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Author : J.A. Moulijn
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 1993-09-09
Catalysis written by J.A. Moulijn and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993-09-09 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Catalysis is a multidisciplinary activity which is reflected in this book. The editors have chosen a novel combination of basic disciplines - homogeneous catalysis by metal complexes is treated jointly with heterogeneous catalysis with metallic and non-metallic solids. The main theme of the book is the molecular approach to industrial catalysis. In the introductory section Chapter 1 presents a brief survey of the history of industrial heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Subsequently, a selection of current industrial catalytic processes is described (Chapter 2). A broad spectrum of important catalytic applications is presented, including the basic chemistry, some engineering aspects, feedstock sources and product utilisation. In Chapter 3, kinetic principles are treated. The section on fundamental catalysis begins with a description of the bonding in complexes and to surfaces (Chapter 4). The elementary steps on complexes and surfaces are described. The chapter on heterogeneous catalysis (5) deals with the mechanistic aspects of three groups of important reactions: syn-gas conversion, hydrogenation, and oxidation. The main principles of metal and metal oxide catalysis are presented. Likewise, the chapter on homogeneous catalysis (6) concentrates on three reactions representing examples from three areas: carbonylation, polymerization, and asymmetric catalysis. Identification by in situ techniques has been included. Many constraints to the industrial use of a catalyst have a macroscopic origin. In applied catalysis it is shown how catalytic reaction engineering deals with such macroscopic considerations in heterogeneous as well as homogeneous catalysis (Chapter 7). The transport and kinetic phenomena in both model reactors and industrial reactors are outlined. The section on catalyst preparation (Chapters 8 and 9) is concerned with the preparation of catalyst supports, zeolites, and supported catalysts, with an emphasis on general principles and mechanistic aspects. For the supported catalysts the relation between the preparative method and the surface chemistry of the support is highlighted. The molecular approach is maintained throughout. The first chapter (10) in the section on catalyst characterization summarizes the most common spectroscopic techniques used for the characterisation of heterogeneous catalysts such as XPS, Auger, EXAFS, etc. Temperature programmed techniques, which have found widespread application in heterogeneous catalysis both in catalyst characterization and simulation of pretreatment procedures, are discussed in Chapter 11. A discussion of texture measurement, theory and application, concludes this section (12). The final chapter (13) gives an outline of current trends in catalysis. Two points of view are adopted: the first one focusses on developments in process engineering. Most often these have their origin in demands by society for better processes. The second point of view draws attention to the autonomous developments in catalysis, which is becoming one of the frontier sciences of physics and chemistry. In this book emphasis is on those reactions catalyzed by heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts of industrial relevance. The integrative treatment of the subject matter involves many disciplines, consequently, the writing of the book has been a multi-author task. The editors have carefully planned and harmonized the contents of the chapters.
Heterogeneous Catalysis At Nanoscale For Energy Applications
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Author : Franklin (Feng) Tao
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-02-17
Heterogeneous Catalysis At Nanoscale For Energy Applications written by Franklin (Feng) Tao and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-17 with Science categories.
This book presents both the fundamentals concepts and latestachievements of a field that is growing in importance since itrepresents a possible solution for global energy problems. It focuses on an atomic-level understanding ofheterogeneous catalysis involved in important energy conversionprocesses. It presents a concise picture for the entire areaof heterogeneous catalysis with vision at the atomic- and nano-scales, from synthesis, ex-situ and in-situ characterization,catalytic activity and selectivity, to mechanistic understandingbased on experimental exploration and theoretical simulation. The book: Addresses heterogeneous catalysis, one of the crucialtechnologies employed within the chemical and energyindustries Presents the recent advances in the synthesis andcharacterization of nanocatalysts as well as a mechanisticunderstanding of catalysis at atomic level for important processesof energy conversion Provides a foundation for the potential design ofrevolutionarily new technical catalysts and thus the furtherdevelopment of efficient technologies for the global energyeconomy Includes both theoretical studies and experimentalexploration Is useful as both a textbook for graduate and undergraduatestudents and a reference book for scientists and engineers inchemistry, materials science, and chemical engineering
Isotopes In Heterogeneous Catalysis
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Author : Justin S J Hargreaves
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2006-04-11
Isotopes In Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Justin S J Hargreaves and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The purpose of this book is to review the current, state-of-the-art application of isotopic methods to the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Isotopic studies are arguably the ultimate technique in in situ methods for heterogeneous catalysis. In this review volume, chapters have been contributed by experts in the field and the coverage includes both the application of specific isotopes — Deuterium, Tritium, Carbon-14, Sulfur-35 and Oxygen-18 – as well as isotopic techniques — determination of surface mobility, steady state transient isotope kinetic analysis, and positron emission profiling. Contents:Deuterium-Labelling in Mechanistic Studies on Heterogeneous Acid-Base Catalysts (J Sommer & S Walspurger)Application of 14C Radiotracer for the Study of Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions (Z Paál)Use of 35S Radiotracer in Catalytic Studies (P Tétényi)Tritium in Catalysis (J R Jones & S-Y Lu)Isotopic Exchange of Oxygen Over Oxide Surfaces (J S J Hargreaves & I M Mellor)Oxygen and Hydrogen Surface Mobility in Supported Metal Catalysts. Study by 18O/16O and 2H/1H Exchange (D Duprez)Investigation of Reaction at the Site Level Using SSITKA (S Pansare, A Sirijaruphan & J G Goodwin, Jr.)Positron Emission Profiling — The Ammonia Oxidation Reaction as a Case Study (A M de Jong, E J M Hensen & R A van Santen) Readership: Academic and researchers, as well as postgraduate students in catalysis. Key Features:Addresses a unique niche in the market, outlining the breadth and depth of the application of isotopic methodsContributions by internationally leading groups in the area of heterogeneous catalysisOf general global interest without geographical restrictionsKeywords:Heterogeneous Catalysis;Isotopes;Carbon-14;Oxygen-18;Sulfur-35;Deuterium;Tritium;Kinetics
Heterogeneous Catalysts
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Author : Wey Yang Teoh
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-02-23
Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Wey Yang Teoh and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Presents state-of-the-art knowledge of heterogeneous catalysts including new applications in energy and environmental fields This book focuses on emerging techniques in heterogeneous catalysis, from new methodology for catalysts design and synthesis, surface studies and operando spectroscopies, ab initio techniques, to critical catalytic systems as relevant to energy and the environment. It provides the vision of addressing the foreseeable knowledge gap unfilled by classical knowledge in the field. Heterogeneous Catalysts: Advanced Design, Characterization and Applications begins with an overview on the evolution in catalysts synthesis and introduces readers to facets engineering on catalysts; electrochemical synthesis of nanostructured catalytic thin films; and bandgap engineering of semiconductor photocatalysts. Next, it examines how we are gaining a more precise understanding of catalytic events and materials under working conditions. It covers bridging pressure gap in surface catalytic studies; tomography in catalysts design; and resolving catalyst performance at nanoscale via fluorescence microscopy. Quantum approaches to predicting molecular reactions on catalytic surfaces follows that, along with chapters on Density Functional Theory in heterogeneous catalysis; first principles simulation of electrified interfaces in electrochemistry; and high-throughput computational design of novel catalytic materials. The book also discusses embracing the energy and environmental challenges of the 21st century through heterogeneous catalysis and much more. Presents recent developments in heterogeneous catalysis with emphasis on new fundamentals and emerging techniques Offers a comprehensive look at the important aspects of heterogeneous catalysis Provides an applications-oriented, bottoms-up approach to a high-interest subject that plays a vital role in industry and is widely applied in areas related to energy and environment Heterogeneous Catalysts: Advanced Design, Characterization and Applications is an important book for catalytic chemists, materials scientists, surface chemists, physical chemists, inorganic chemists, chemical engineers, and other professionals working in the chemical industry.
Heterogeneous Catalysis And Its Industrial Applications
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Author : Martin Schmal
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-22
Heterogeneous Catalysis And Its Industrial Applications written by Martin Schmal and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-22 with Science categories.
This book aims to introduce the basic concepts involved in industrial catalytic processes. It is profusely illustrated with experimental results with the main objective of guiding how to select a suitable catalyst for specific processes. The book is divided in two parts. In the first part the basic concepts are addressed, regarding the existing theories, activity patterns and adsorption-desorption phenomena. In the second part the key experimental methods for the physicochemical characterization of catalysts are presented, as well as the currently used catalyst pre and post treatments. The last chapter describes some important in situ characterization techniques (e.g. XPS and TEM) and surface model patterns related to surface modifications occurring during the reaction. Thoroughly illustrated with microscopy images, spectroscopy data and schematics of reaction mechanisms, the book provides a powerful learning tool for students in undergraduate and graduate level courses on the field of catalysis. Exercises and resolved problems are provided, as well as experimental procedures to support laboratory classes. Furthermore, the content is presented in a carefully chosen sequence, reflecting the 30 year teaching experience of the author. The author, Professor Martin Schmal, sees the present book as a way of conveying basic knowledge needed for the development of more efficient catalysts (i.e. nanostructured materials) and novel industrial chemical processes in the fields of environmental chemistry, fine chemistry, hydrotreating of heavy oils, hydrogen production and biomass processing.
Heterogeneous Catalysts For Clean Technology
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Author : Karen Wilson
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-09-17
Heterogeneous Catalysts For Clean Technology written by Karen Wilson and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-17 with Science categories.
Reactive, but not a reactant. Heterogeneous catalysts play an unseen role in many of today's processes and products. With the increasing emphasis on sustainability in both products and processes, this handbook is the first to combine the hot topics of heterogeneous catalysis and clean technology. It focuses on the development of heterogeneous catalysts for use in clean chemical synthesis, dealing with how modern spectroscopic techniques can aid the design of catalysts for use in liquid phase reactions, their application in industrially important chemistries - including selective oxidation, hydrogenation, solid acid- and base-catalyzed processes - as well as the role of process intensification and use of renewable resources in improving the sustainability of chemical processes. With its emphasis on applications, this book is of high interest to those working in the industry.