Incarceration Length Employment And Earnings
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Incarceration Length Employment And Earnings
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Author : Jeffrey R. Kling
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2006
Incarceration Length Employment And Earnings written by Jeffrey R. Kling and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006 with Imprisonment categories.
This paper estimates effects of increases in incarceration length on employment and earnings prospects of individuals after their release from prison. I utilize a variety of research designs including controlling for observable factors and using instrumental variables for incarceration length based on randomly assigned judges with different sentencing propensities. The results show no consistent evidence of adverse labor market consequences of longer incarceration length using any of the analytical methods in either the state system in Florida or the federal system in California.
The Labor Market Consequences Of Incarceration
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Author : Bruce Western
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001
The Labor Market Consequences Of Incarceration written by Bruce Western and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Equality categories.
The Growth Of Incarceration In The United States
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Author : Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-12-31
The Growth Of Incarceration In The United States written by Committee on Causes and Consequences of High Rates of Incarceration and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-12-31 with Law categories.
After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States has increased fivefold during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines research and analysis of the dramatic rise of incarceration rates and its affects. This study makes the case that the United States has gone far past the point where the numbers of people in prison can be justified by social benefits and has reached a level where these high rates of incarceration themselves constitute a source of injustice and social harm. The Growth of Incarceration in the United States examines policy changes that created an increasingly punitive political climate and offers specific policy advice in sentencing policy, prison policy, and social policy. The report also identifies important research questions that must be answered to provide a firmer basis for policy. This report is a call for change in the way society views criminals, punishment, and prison. This landmark study assesses the evidence and its implications for public policy to inform an extensive and thoughtful public debate about and reconsideration of policies.
The Effect Of Private Sector Work Opportunities In Prison On Labor Market Outcomes Of The Formerly Incarcerated
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Author : Robynn Cox
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Effect Of Private Sector Work Opportunities In Prison On Labor Market Outcomes Of The Formerly Incarcerated written by Robynn Cox and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
This paper examines the effects of a private sector prison work program called the Prison Industry Enhancement Certification Program (PIECP) on unemployment duration, length of formal employment, and earnings of men and women released from various state prisons between 1996 and 2001. The labor market dynamics of formerly incarcerated men and women are also investigated. The program is found to increase reported earnings and formal employment on the extensive margin, with a stronger impact on the formal employment of women. There is little evidence that it increases formal employment along the intensive margin (i.e., duration of formal employment). Contrary to segmented labor market theories, superior employment (i.e., higher paying jobs) do not lead to increased job stability. Roughly 92% of those that obtain formal employment in the sample experience job loss; however, reincarceration rates are too low to explain this fact. An evaluation of labor market dynamics reveals that traditional human capital variables, criminogenic factors, and a few demographic characteristics determine job loss. In addition, black women, single women, and women with more extensive criminal histories face greater barriers on the labor market than their male counterparts.
Handbook On The Consequences Of Sentencing And Punishment Decisions
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Author : Beth M. Huebner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-08-06
Handbook On The Consequences Of Sentencing And Punishment Decisions written by Beth M. Huebner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-06 with Social Science categories.
Handbook on the Consequences of Sentencing and Punishment Decisions, the third volume in the Routledge ASC Division on Corrections & Sentencing Series, includes contemporary essays on the consequences of punishment during an era of mass incarceration. The Handbook Series offers state-of-the-art volumes on seminal and topical issues that span the fields of sentencing and corrections. In that spirit, the editors gathered contributions that summarize what is known in each topical area and also identify emerging theoretical, empirical, and policy work. The book is grounded in the current knowledge about the specific topics, but also includes new, synthesizing material that reflects the knowledge of the leading minds in the field. Following an editors’ introduction, the volume is divided into four sections. First, two contributions situate and contextualize the volume by providing insight into the growth of mass punishment over the past three decades and an overview of the broad consequences of punishment decisions. The overviews are then followed by a section exploring the broader societal impacts of punishment on housing, employment, family relationships, and health and well-being. The third section centers on special populations and examines the unique effects of punishment for juveniles, immigrants, and individuals convicted of sexual or drug-related offenses. The fourth section focuses on institutional implications with contributions on jails, community corrections, and institutional corrections.
Collateral Costs
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Author : Harry J. Holzer
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Collateral Costs written by Harry J. Holzer and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Ex-convicts categories.
Labor Market Careers Before And After Incarceration
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Author : Janos Kollo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Labor Market Careers Before And After Incarceration written by Janos Kollo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
We study the entry to formal employment and earnings of a large sample of convicts released from Hungarian prisons in 2002-2008. We identify the effect of the prison service on post-release careers by exploiting differences in the timing of incarceration, on the one hand, and estimating fixed effects models, on the other. For convicts with a single prison spell, we find initially negative effect on employment that turns positive after about one year while the impact on wages is permanently negative. A comparison with recidivists, for whom the employment effect is negative and the wage effect is weaker, suggests that these results are driven by a drop in the reservation wages of 'converted' criminals rather than the lack of discrimination. This reading is supported by further data showing that the ex-inmates, on average, make increased effort to find legitimate sources of living and support to finding jobs.
The Routledge International Handbook Of Life Course Criminology
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Author : Arjan Blokland
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-03-16
The Routledge International Handbook Of Life Course Criminology written by Arjan Blokland and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-16 with Social Science categories.
Since its introduction in the latter half of the 1980s, the meticulous study of distinct criminal career dimensions, like onset, frequency, and crime mix, has yielded a wealth of information on the way crime develops over the life-span. Policymakers in turn have used this information in their efforts to tailor criminal justice interventions to be both effective and efficient. Life-course criminology studies the ways in which the criminal career is embedded in the totality of the individual life-course and seeks to clarify the causal mechanisms governing this process. The Routledge International Handbook of Life-Course Criminology provides an authoritative collection of international theoretical and empirical research into the way that criminal behavior develops over the life-span, which causal mechanisms are involved in shaping this development, and to what degree criminal justice interventions are successful in redirecting offenders’ criminal trajectories. Drawing upon qualitative and quantitative research this handbook covers theory, describes and compares criminal career patterns across different countries, tests current explanations of criminal development, and using cutting-edge methods, assesses the intended and unintended effects of formal interventions. This book is the first of its kind to offer a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art developments in criminal career and life-course research, providing unique perspectives and exclusive local knowledge from over 50 international scholars. This book is an ideal companion for teachers and researchers engaged in the field of developmental and life-course criminology.
Labor In The Era Of Globalization
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Author : Clair Brown
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010
Labor In The Era Of Globalization written by Clair Brown and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Business & Economics categories.
Analyzes the causes of the decline in labor's global fortunes from 1975 to the 2000s.
Incarceration Recidivism And Employment
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Author : Manudeep Bhuller
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Incarceration Recidivism And Employment written by Manudeep Bhuller and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Criminals categories.
Abstract: Understanding whether, and in what situations, time spent in prison is criminogenic or preventive has proven challenging due to data availability and correlated unobservables. This paper overcomes these challenges in the context of Norway's criminal justice system, offering new insights into how incarceration affects subsequent crime and employment. We construct a panel dataset containing the criminal behavior and labor market outcomes of the entire population, and exploit the random assignment of criminal cases to judges who differ systematically in their stringency in sentencing defendants to prison. Using judge stringency as an instrumental variable, we find that imprisonment discourages further criminal behavior, and that the reduction extends beyond incapacitation. Incarceration decreases the probability an individual will reoffend within 5 years by 27 percentage points, and reduces the number of offenses over this same period by 10 criminal charges. In comparison, OLS shows positive associations between incarceration and subsequent criminal behavior. This sharp contrast suggests the high rates of recidivism among ex-convicts is due to selection, and not a consequence of the experience of being in prison. Exploring factors that may explain the preventive effect of incarceration, we find the decline in crime is driven by individuals who were not working prior to incarceration. Among these individuals, imprisonment increases participation in programs directed at improving employability and reducing recidivism, and ultimately, raises employment and earnings while discouraging further criminal behavior. Contrary to the widely embraced 'nothing works' doctrine, these findings demonstrate that time spent in prison with a focus on rehabilitation can indeed be preventive