Income Aspirations Migration And Investments On And Off The Farm Evidence From Rural Tajikistan
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Income Aspirations Migration And Investments On And Off The Farm Evidence From Rural Tajikistan
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Author : Bloem, Jeffrey R.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2023-12-08
Income Aspirations Migration And Investments On And Off The Farm Evidence From Rural Tajikistan written by Bloem, Jeffrey R. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-08 with Political Science categories.
In places with few casual or salaried employment opportunities, investments in farm or non-farm assets may offer the main pathway to increased incomes locally, whereas others may seek alternative investment options elsewhere—as migrants. What factors, then, explain these investment choices? One theory suggests that aspirations that are ahead, but not too far ahead, of current levels provide the best incentive for promoting investment. If this theory holds, then estimates of the relationship between the aspirations gap and investment choices should take the form of a non-monotonic inverted U-shape. We test for such a relationship between the income aspirations gap and investments in migration, farm assets, and non-farm assets using data from a household survey in rural Tajikistan. We find evidence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between the income aspirations gap and measures of migration, with the strongest relationship found with international migration. Strikingly, we do not observe any association between the income aspirations gap and measures of investment in farm or non-farm assets. Exploring heterogeneity, we find that these results can vary by household poverty status and by the respondent’s gender. Investigating a possible mechanism, we find that the relationship between the income aspirations gap and migration seems to be driven by remittances, which outweigh migration costs and increase household income.
La Situation Mondiale De L Alimentation Et De L Agriculture 2018
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : fr
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-10-22
La Situation Mondiale De L Alimentation Et De L Agriculture 2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-22 with Social Science categories.
Les migrations sont a phénomène mondial en expansion here concerns des millions de personnes en quête d'un avenir meilleur. Elles sont porteuses de défis pour les migrants eux-mêmes et pour les sociétés, aussi bien dans les régions de départ que dans les régions d'arrivée. The world situation of food and agriculture 2018 analyzes les flux migratoires internes et internationaux et leurs liens avec le développement économique, évolution démographique et les pressions exercées sur les ressources naturelles. The accent is on the migrations rurales, les nombreuses forms qu'elles revêtent and the rôle important qu'elles jouent tant dans les pays en développement que dans les pays développés. Le rapport aborde également la question des facteurs de migration et des incidences des migrations rurales et montre que les priorités des pays dépendent de leur situation, elle-même en constant évolution. Ces priorités ne sont pas les mêmes dans les pays en proie à une crise prolongée, dans les pays où le chômage sévit parmi les jeunes ruraux, dans les pays en transition économique et démographique et dans les pays développés qui ont besoin d’une main-d’oeuvre immigrée, notamment pour soutenir l’agriculture et l’économie rurale.
2018
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Author : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
language : ar
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2018-10-22
2018 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-22 with Social Science categories.
تعدّ الهجرة واقعًا عالميًا على اتساع مستمرّ يتيح للملايين البحث عن فرص جديدة. لكنه واقع حافل بالتحديات أيضًا بالنسبة إلى المهاجرين والمجتمعات في المناطق الوافدين منها وإليها على حد سواء. ويُجري هذا التقرير تحليلًا لتدفقات الهجرة - الداخلية والدولية - وكيفية ارتباطها بعمليات التنمية الاقتصادية والتغير الديمغرافي والضغط على الموارد الطبيعية. وينصب محور التركيز حول الهجرة في الريف وأشكالها المتعددة والدور الهام الذي تؤديه في البلدان النامية والمتقدمة على حد سواء.
Moving For Prosperity Global Migration And Labor Markets
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Author : The World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Moving For Prosperity Global Migration And Labor Markets written by The World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
World Development Report 2019
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Author : World Bank
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2018-10-31
World Development Report 2019 written by World Bank and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-10-31 with Business & Economics categories.
Work is constantly reshaped by technological progress. New ways of production are adopted, markets expand, and societies evolve. But some changes provoke more attention than others, in part due to the vast uncertainty involved in making predictions about the future. The 2019 World Development Report will study how the nature of work is changing as a result of advances in technology today. Technological progress disrupts existing systems. A new social contract is needed to smooth the transition and guard against rising inequality. Significant investments in human capital throughout a person’s lifecycle are vital to this effort. If workers are to stay competitive against machines they need to train or retool existing skills. A social protection system that includes a minimum basic level of protection for workers and citizens can complement new forms of employment. Improved private sector policies to encourage startup activity and competition can help countries compete in the digital age. Governments also need to ensure that firms pay their fair share of taxes, in part to fund this new social contract. The 2019 World Development Report presents an analysis of these issues based upon the available evidence.
Global Economic Prospects 2006
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date :
Global Economic Prospects 2006 written by and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
International migration, the movement of people across international boundaries to improve economic opportunity, has enormous implications for growth and welfare in both origin and destination countries. An important benefit to developing countries is the receipt of remittances or transfers from income earned by overseas emigrants. Official data show that development countries' remittance receipts totaled 160 billion in 2004, more than twice the size of official aid. This year's edition of Global Economic Prospects focuses on remittances and migration. The bulk of the book covers remittances.
Farming Systems And Poverty
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Author : John A. Dixon
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org.
Release Date : 2001
Farming Systems And Poverty written by John A. Dixon and has been published by Food & Agriculture Org. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Business & Economics categories.
A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Promotion Of Rural Employment For Poverty Reduction
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: International Labour Organization
Release Date : 2008
Promotion Of Rural Employment For Poverty Reduction written by and has been published by International Labour Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Employment in foreign countries categories.
This report adopts a decent work perspective to approach the challenge of promoting employment and reducing poverty in rural areas by examining issues of employment, social protection, rights and social dialogue in rural areas in an integrated way.
Ilo Global Estimates On International Migrant Workers
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Author : Natalia Popova (Labor economist)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Ilo Global Estimates On International Migrant Workers written by Natalia Popova (Labor economist) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Emigration and immigration categories.
If the right policies are in place, labour migration can help countries respond to shifts in labour supply and demand, stimulate innovation and sustainable development, and transfer and update skills. However, a lack of international standards regarding concepts, definitions and methodologies for measuring labour migration data still needs to be addressed. This report gives global and regional estimates, broken down by income group, gender and age. It also describes the data, sources and methodology used, as well as the corresponding limitations. The report seeks to contribute to the 2018 Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration and to achieving SDG targets 8.8 and 10.7
Investing To Overcome The Global Impact Of Neglected Tropical Diseases
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2015-08-05
Investing To Overcome The Global Impact Of Neglected Tropical Diseases written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-05 with Medical categories.
"The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.