Independent Power Projects In Developing Countries
DOWNLOAD
Download Independent Power Projects In Developing Countries PDF/ePub or read online books in Mobi eBooks. Click Download or Read Online button to get Independent Power Projects In Developing Countries book now. This website allows unlimited access to, at the time of writing, more than 1.5 million titles, including hundreds of thousands of titles in various foreign languages. If the content not found or just blank you must refresh this page
Independent Power Projects In Developing Countries
DOWNLOAD
Author : Henrik M. Inadomi
language : en
Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V.
Release Date : 2010-01-01
Independent Power Projects In Developing Countries written by Henrik M. Inadomi and has been published by Kluwer Law International B.V. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
For developing countries, a stable and secure supply of electricity is crucial for development, and for their populations' well-being. Since the early 1990s, the main mechanism for constructing power generation facilities in developing countries has been the independent power project (IPP) model, where a foreign investor enters into long term investment contracts with the national utility. This model has succeeded in attracting investment, but raises complex regulatory and contractual challenges in addition to public concerns. This book - drawing on project contracts, the author's interview sources, case law and literature - analyzes in detail the legal investment protection used by IPP investors to ensure sufficient returns and protect their contracted revenue stream. The author examines how the model's corporate / financial structure interlocks with strong contractual rights and with a number of measures used to improve the host country's creditworthiness in the short and long term (including investment guarantees).The second part of the book identifies that the IPP model normally leads to six main consequences for the host developing country: The IPP model has led to private investment, which has increases reliability, modernization and introduced private standards; It contains an intrinsic structural weakness in times of economic downturns; It has shown a tendency to lead to overinvestment in generation capacity; It has shown a tendency to lead to expensive and suboptimal solutions regarding choice of design and technology; The model (and its institutional surroundings) contains insufficient disincentives against moral hazard and exploitative behavior (including corruption); and The IPP model does not facilitate a further development of the host country's power sector. The author argues that these consequences for development can be improved without detrimentally compromising the private sector's willingness to continue to invest. While pursuing this analysis, the author also explores such issues as the following: ; the web of parties and contracts constituting the IPP model, including the model's risk allocation; an analysis of political risk, including to what extent foreign investors also are protected against commercial and credit risks; the competing needs of predictability and flexibility in long term contracts; how investment arbitration tribunals have reacted both to the change in macroeconomic circumstances caused by the East Asian Crisis of 1997-98, and to numerable and credible allegations of corruption during procurement identification of factors reducing, or increasing, the IPP model's tendency to fail during severe economic recessions
Independent Power Projects In Sub Saharan Africa
DOWNLOAD
Author : Anton Eberhard
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2016-04-18
Independent Power Projects In Sub Saharan Africa written by Anton Eberhard and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-18 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Inadequate electricity services pose a major impediment to reducing extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in Sub-Saharan Africa. Simply put, Africa does not have enough power. Despite the abundant low-carbon and low-cost energy resources available to Sub-Saharan Africa, the region s entire installed electricity capacity, at a little over 80 GW, is equivalent to that of the Republic of Korea. Looking ahead, Sub-Saharan Africa will need to ramp-up its power generation capacity substantially. The investment needed to meet this goal largely exceeds African countries already stretched public finances. Increasing private investment is critical to help expand and improve electricity supply. Historically, most private sector finance has been channeled through privately financed independent power projects (IPP), supported by nonrecourse or limited recourse loans, with long-term power purchase agreements with the state utility or another off-taker. Between 1990 and 2014, IPPs have spread across Sub-Saharan Africa and are now present in 17 countries. Currently, there are 125 IPPs, with an overall installed capacity of 10.7 GW and investments of $24.6 billion. However, private investment could be much greater and less concentrated. South Africa alone accounts for 67 IPPs, 4.3 GW of capacity and $14.4 billion of investments; the remaining projects are concentrated in a handful of countries. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experience of IPPs and identify lessons that can help African countries attract more and better private investment. At the core of this analysis is a reflection on whether IPPs have in fact benefited Sub-Saharan Africa, and how they might be improved. The analysis is based primarily on in depth case studies, carried out in five countries, including Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda, which not only have the most numerous but also among the most extensive experience with IPPs.
Project Finance In Developing Countries
DOWNLOAD
Author : Priscilla Anita Ahmed
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999-01-01
Project Finance In Developing Countries written by Priscilla Anita Ahmed and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
"This report explores the changing face of project finance in developing markets. IFC, and more recently, other multilateral, bilateral, and export credit institutions have played a strong suportive role in bringing project finance to its current volumes. This role was highlighted in 1998, when these institutions sustained flows of an estimated $25 billion at a time when there was an abrupt decline in some types of private flows. IFC, in particular, was a pioneer of project finance in developing countries and has a unique depth of experience in this field, which spans more than 40 years in the practical implementation of some 2000 projects, many of them on a limited-recourse basis. Particularly in today's marketplace, IFC's ability to mobilize finance (both loan and equity for its own account and syndicated loans under its B-loan program), the strength of iis project appraisal capabilities, and its experience in structuring complex transactions in difficult environments have been reassuring to other participants and important to the successful financing of many projects. This report draws on IFC's experience in more than 230 greenfield projects costing upward of $30 billion that relied on project finance on a limited-recourse basis (see Appendix A). It opens with a brief description of the major international trends in project finance over the past two decades and then turns to the essential ingredients of successful project financing."--Publisher abstract.
Yes Africa Can
DOWNLOAD
Author : Punam Chuhan-Pole
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2011-06-24
Yes Africa Can written by Punam Chuhan-Pole and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-06-24 with Business & Economics categories.
Takes an in-depth look at twenty-six economic and social development successes in Sub-Saharan African countries, and addresses how these countries have overcome major developmental challenges.
Integrating Independent Power Producers Into Emerging Wholesale Power Markets
DOWNLOAD
Author : Fiona Woolf
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2001
Integrating Independent Power Producers Into Emerging Wholesale Power Markets written by Fiona Woolf and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Competition categories.
Policymakers wishing to introduce wholesale competition into the electricity industry must often reconcile existing independent power producer contracts with new market structures and trading arrangements. For the new market arrangements to bring the benefits of competition to consumers, enough participants must be willing to take market risk. A combination of measures (adaptation of specific market rule, contractual alternatives for enhancing market liquidity, contract buyout provisions, transitional mechanisms) offer promise for reconciling existing contracts with new market structures and reducing the magnitude of above-market costs associated with the contracts.
Suiting Themselves
DOWNLOAD
Author : Sharon Beder
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-06-25
Suiting Themselves written by Sharon Beder and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-25 with Business & Economics categories.
In this brilliantly researched expos 'communications Rottweiler' Sharon Beder blasts open the backrooms and boardrooms to reveal how the international corporate elite dictate global politics for their own benefit. Beder shows how they created business associations andthink tanks in the 1970s to drive public policy, forced the worldwide privatization and deregulation of public services in the 1980s and 1990s (enabling a massive transfer of ownership and control over essential services) and, still not satisfied, have worked relentlessly since the late 1990s to rewrite the very rules of the global economy to funnel wealth and power into their pockets. Want a globalized and homogenized world of conflict, poverty and massive environmental degradation run by a corporate oligarchy that wipes its feet on democracy? Or a democratic world, where poverty is history, companies work for people and clean water is a right, not a privilege you pay for? Beder‘s message is clear - it‘s your world, and it‘s time to fight for it.
Public Private Partnerships In Sub Saharan Africa
DOWNLOAD
Author : James Leigland
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Public Private Partnerships In Sub Saharan Africa written by James Leigland and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Business & Economics categories.
Public-private partnerships have been widely promoted in the international development community as solutions to severe infrastructure problems in low-income countries since the 1990s. This book summarizes the growing body of evidence on the actual performance of PPPs and develops a more realistic perspective on their practical value.
Rethinking Power Sector Reform In The Developing World
DOWNLOAD
Author : Vivien Foster
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2019-12-05
Rethinking Power Sector Reform In The Developing World written by Vivien Foster and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-05 with Science categories.
During the 1990s, a new paradigm for power sector reform was put forward emphasizing the restructuring of utilities, the creation of regulators, the participation of the private sector, and the establishment of competitive power markets. Twenty-five years later, only a handful of developing countries have fully implemented these Washington Consensus policies. Across the developing world, reforms were adopted rather selectively, resulting in a hybrid model, in which elements of market orientation coexist with continued state dominance of the sector.This book aims to revisit and refresh thinking on power sector reform approaches for developing countries. The approach relies heavily on evidence from the past, drawing both on broad global trends and deep case material from 15 developing countries. It is also forward looking, considering the implications of new social and environmental policy goals, as well as the emerging technological disruptions.A nuanced picture emerges. Although regulation has been widely adopted, practice often falls well short of theory, and cost recovery remains an elusive goal. The private sector has financed a substantial expansion of generation capacity; yet, its contribution to power distribution has been much more limited, with efficiency levels that can sometimes be matched by well-governed public utilities. Restructuring and liberalization have been beneficial in a handful of larger middle-income nations but have proved too complex for most countries to implement.Based on these findings, the report points to three major policy implications:First, reform efforts need to be shaped by the political and economic context of the country. The 1990s reform model was most successful in countries that had reached certain minimum conditions of power sector development and offered a supportive political environment.Second, countries found alternative institutional pathways to achieving good power sector outcomes, making a case for greater pluralism. Among the top performers, some pursued the full set of market-oriented reforms, while others retained a more important role for the state.Third, reform efforts should be driven and tailored to desired policy outcomes and less preoccupied with following a predetermined process, particularly since the twenty-first-century century agenda has added decarbonization and universal access to power sector outcomes. The Washington Consensus reforms, while supportive of the twenty-first-century century agenda, will not be able to deliver on them alone and will require complementary policy measures
Financing Energy Projects In Developing Countries
DOWNLOAD
Author : Hossein Razavi
language : en
Publisher: Pennwell Books
Release Date : 2007
Financing Energy Projects In Developing Countries written by Hossein Razavi and has been published by Pennwell Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
An update to his comprehensive 1996 text on project finance in emerging economies, Razavi's authoritative new book provides first-hand information and analysis of how multilateral, bilateral, and commercial financiers decide to support an energy project. It presents the major changes in the attitudes and orientations of these financiers as they have entered a competitive environment seeking opportunities to do more business in the energy sector of developing countries. For every good energy project, there is a financier somewhere. However, creating an attractive project package requires an explicit understanding of the following: availability of soft loans, credits, grants, tied and untied loans; objectives, tendencies, and requirements of various financiers; possibilities of combining various financial instruments; methods of economic, financial, and risk analysis and mitigation. The reader is guided through the process of understanding the fundamentals of project financing, getting to know the financiers, and developing an acceptable project package. Finally, some real-world case studies demonstrate the intricacies of mobilizing funds for projects in various segments of the energy sector.
Finance Development December 1997
DOWNLOAD
Author : International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1997-01-01
Finance Development December 1997 written by International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
For the latest thinking about the international financial system, monetary policy, economic development, poverty reduction, and other critical issues, subscribe to Finance & Development (F&D). This lively quarterly magazine brings you in-depth analyses of these and other subjects by the IMF’s own staff as well as by prominent international experts. Articles are written for lay readers who want to enrich their understanding of the workings of the global economy and the policies and activities of the IMF.