Individual Differences In Addictive Behaviors
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Individual Differences In Addictive Behaviors
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Author : Lucy J. Troup
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-05-29
Individual Differences In Addictive Behaviors written by Lucy J. Troup and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-05-29 with Science categories.
The study of addiction draws primarily on methods and approaches to understanding, treating and supporting addiction drawn from traditional approaches. The foundations of which focus on responses seen across groups, but often neglecting to account for the role the individual differences plays in understanding and treating addiction. It is clear from the literature that there is often a lack of consensus in both understanding and treating those struggling with addiction. Individual differences therefore, whilst not always conforming to the accepted model for developing theoretical interpretations and practice in the field, are key to successful outcomes in treating addiction.
Smoking
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Author : David G. Gilbert
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2014-06-03
Smoking written by David G. Gilbert and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-03 with Psychology categories.
Personality, psychopathology and emotional factors are intimately related to smoking, yet there are few efforts to integrate relevant findings in these areas. Taking a comprehensive, current and detailed view, this text develops an empirically-based model that reflects the multi-dimensional, individual-difference-related causal paths associated with smoking and its reinforcing and affect-modulating effects.; Starting with a review of models of smoking motivation, this volume then goes on to discuss effect and emotion, and the nature, biological bias and relationships among personality, temperament and psychopathology. Other chapters focus attention on questions of when, in whom and what mechanisms promote and reinforce smoking and tobacco use such as gender differences. Utilising the findings of these chapters, the integrative biopsychosocial STAR Model Of Smoking Effects And Motivation Is Presented And Its Implications are examined.; As the percentage of smokers in the general population decreases, a growing number of those continuing to smoke will be even more difficult to reach. Such individuals will benefit from the individualised and intensive interventions suggested here. This text is intended to be of use to psychologists, psychiatrists, physicians, epidemiologists, sociologists and other health professionals.
Exploring Gender And Sex Differences In Behavioral Dyscontrol From Drug Addiction To Impulse Control Disorders
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Author : Liana Fattore
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-04-13
Exploring Gender And Sex Differences In Behavioral Dyscontrol From Drug Addiction To Impulse Control Disorders written by Liana Fattore and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-13 with Electronic book categories.
Males and females exhibit discrete attitudes and skills, experience dissimilar emotional and psychological needs, and react differently to peer pressure, lack of self-realization, or other personal and social expectations. In addition, they are differently influenced by family history, and diverge in the perception of self-image and health risks. To complicate the matter on gender dichotomy, male testosterone levels markedly vary over the course of the day, while female levels of sex hormones significantly fluctuate depending upon the menstrual cycle, the pre- or post-menopausal age, and the use of oral contraceptives. All of these factors interact with genetic background and sex hormonal fluctuations, and determine the differences observed in their predisposition to develop an addiction. This term is traditionally associated to the abuse of legal and illegal substances. However, a compulsion toward the engagement in a non-drug-related rewarding behavior, usually involving a natural reward, also activates the brain reward system and engenders persistent behavior, thus resulting in a diminished control over it. These latter behaviors are defined as “behavioral addictions”. This definition encompasses any behavior characterized by the followings: i) feeling of tension or arousal before the action; ii) gratification and/or relief at the time of performing the act; iii) inability to resist an urge or drive even against great obstacles or dangers; iv) absence of consideration for the negative consequences that may affect family, friends, and/or work. As such, behavioral addictions include compulsive food intake and sexual activity, pathological gambling and Internet addiction, excessive exercising, compulsive buying and pyromania. These behaviors, which are often classified as "impulse control disorders", result in actions that are harmful to oneself and/or others, share common features (e.g. compulsiveness, impulsivity, impaired decision-making, craving, tolerance, withdrawal, high rates of relapse), and involve dysfunction of several brain circuits. Derangement from functional neurobiological mechanisms underpinning both sensitivity to reward and inhibitory control can also lead to compulsive behaviors. For instance, pathological gambling and other impulse control disorders (e.g., hypersexuality, compulsive painting, eating and buying) are often reported in Parkinson's disease patients. Gender-dependent differences in the rate of initiation and frequency of misuse of addicting drugs have been widely described. Yet, men and women also differ in their propensity to become addicted to other rewarding stimuli (e.g. sex, food) or activities (e.g. gambling, exercising). The goal of the present Research Topic is to explore and summarize current evidence for gender (and sex) differences not only in drug addiction, but also in other forms of addictive behaviors. Thus, it will include studies showing gender-dependent differences in drug addiction, food addiction, compulsive sexual activity, pathological gambling, Internet addiction and physical exercise addiction. Psychiatric comorbidity, potential risk factors and the underlying neural mechanisms will be also examined, with particular emphasis to the role of sex hormones in modulating addictive and compulsive behaviors.
Determinants Of Substance Abuse
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Author : Mark Galizio
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Determinants Of Substance Abuse written by Mark Galizio and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Psychology categories.
With the recent increase in the scope of drug and alcohol problems has come an awareness of the need for solutions. In this context, federal support for research on drug problems increased tremendously during the last 10 to 15 years with the establishment of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). Funding from these and other sources has led to a substantial increase in the quantity and quality ofpublished work related to substance abuse. As data accumulate, it is becoming more apparent that substance abuse problems are extremely complex and are influenced by a variety ofbiological psychological, and environmental variables. Un fortunately it has proved difficult to go beyond this conclusion to a de scription of how these multiple factors work tagether to influence the development of, and recovery from, drug and alcohol dependence. The purpose of this book is to try to meet that objective by including, in one volume, Iiterature reviews and theoretical analyses from a wide variety of drug researchers. We chose the authors in an attempt to assure that each of the various Ievels of analysis appropriate to the substance abuse problems would be included. In each case, the author was asked to consider how the variables in is or her particular domain might con tribute to the appearance of individual differences in both alcohol and drug problems.
Alternative Models Of Addiction
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Author : Hanna Pickard
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-12-07
Alternative Models Of Addiction written by Hanna Pickard and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-07 with Addicts categories.
For much of the 20th century, theories of addictive behaviour and motivation were polarized between two models. The first model viewed addiction as a moral failure for which addicts are rightly held responsible and judged accordingly. The second model, in contrast, viewed addiction as a specific brain disease caused by neurobiological adaptations occurring in response to chronic drug or alcohol use, and over which addicts have no choice or control. As our capacity to observe neurobiological phenomena improved, the second model became scientific orthodoxy, increasingly dominating addiction research and informing public understandings of addiction. More recently, however, a dissenting view has emerged within addiction research, based partly on new scientific research and partly on progress in philosophical and psychological understandings of relevant mental phenomena. This view does not revert to treating addiction as a moral failure, but nonetheless holds that addictive behaviour is fundamentally motivated by choice and subject to at least a degree of voluntary control. On this alternative model of addiction, addictive behaviour is an instrumental means to ends that are desired by the individual, although much controversy exists with respect to the rationality or irrationality of these ends, the degree and nature of the voluntary control of addictive behaviour and motivation, the explanation of the difference between addictive and non-addictive behaviour and motivation, and, lastly, the extent to which addictive behaviour and motivation is correctly characterised as pathological or diseased. This research topic includes papers in the traditions of neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, law and social science that explore alternative understandings of addiction.
Compulsive Eating Behavior And Food Addiction
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Author : Pietro Cottone
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2019-07-24
Compulsive Eating Behavior And Food Addiction written by Pietro Cottone and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-24 with Psychology categories.
Compulsive Eating Behavior and Food Addiction: Emerging Pathological Constructs is the first book of its kind to emphasize food addiction as an addictive disorder. This book focuses on the preclinical aspects of food addiction research, shifting the focus towards a more complex behavioral expression of pathological feeding and combining it with current research on neurobiological substrates. This book will become an invaluable reference for researchers in food addiction and compulsive eating constructs. Compulsive eating behavior is a pathological form of feeding that phenotypically and neurobiologically resembles the compulsive-like behaviors associated with both drug abuse and behavioral addictions. Compulsive eating behavior, including Binge Eating Disorder (BED), certain forms of obesity, and ‘food addiction’ affect an estimated 70 million individuals worldwide. Synthesizes clinical and preclinical perspectives on addictive eating behavior Identifies how food addiction is similar and/or different from other addictions Focuses on the underlying neurobiological mechanisms Provides information on therapeutic interventions for patients with food addiction
Psychology Of Moods
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Author : Anita V. Clark
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2005
Psychology Of Moods written by Anita V. Clark and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Psychology categories.
A mood is defined as the prevailing psychological state (habitual or relatively temporary). It is further defined as a feeling, state or prolonged emotion that influences the whole of one's psychic life. It can relate to passion or feeling; humour; as a melancholy mood or a suppliant mood. Mood can and does affect perceived health, personal confidence, one's perceptions of the world around us and our actions based on those perceptions. Moods can and do change often although mood swings of a sharp nature may be a symptom of underlying disease. Moods may signify happiness, anger, tension, or anxiety. Chronic periods of any mood state may be an indicator of a disorder as well. This new book gathers important research from throughout the world in this rapidly changing field.
Individual Differences In The Behavioral Etiology Of Drug Abuse
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Author : Harold W. Gordon
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1997-07
Individual Differences In The Behavioral Etiology Of Drug Abuse written by Harold W. Gordon and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-07 with categories.
Provides a platform of ideas from which new directions for research in the behavioral etiology of substance abuse can be developed. Researchers from a variety of neurobiological disciplines present proposals on innovative ways to study and understand individual differences in neurobiological risk and resistance factors for drug abuse. The focus of these proposals is in three areas: genetic bases, neurophysiological correlates, and neurochemical factors underlying drug abuse risk or resistance. Tables, graphs and references.
Individual Differences In The Biobehavioral Etiology Of Drug Abuse
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Individual Differences In The Biobehavioral Etiology Of Drug Abuse written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Biological psychiatry categories.
Provides a platform for ideas from which new directions for research in behavioral etiology of substance abuse can be developed, addressing genetic bases, neurophysiological correlates, and neurochemical factors underlying drug abuse risk or resistance.
The Wiley Encyclopedia Of Personality And Individual Differences Set
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-11-04
The Wiley Encyclopedia Of Personality And Individual Differences Set written by and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-04 with Psychology categories.
The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences (EPID) beschäftigt sich in vier Bänden mit Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschieden bei Individuen. Jeder Band konzentriert sich auf einen wichtigen Themenbereich bei der Untersuchung der Persönlichkeitspsychologie und den Unterschieden von Individuen. Der erste Band mit dem Titel Models and Theories betrachtet die wichtigsten klassischen und modernen Standpunkte, Perspektiven, Modelle und theoretischen Ansätze im Studium der Persönlichkeit und Unterschiede von Individuen. Der zweite Band, Measurement and Assessment, untersucht die wesentlichen klassischen und modernen Beurteilungsmethoden und -techniken. Der dritte Band mit dem Titel Personality Processes and Individual Differences erläutert die traditionellen und aktuellen Dimensionen, Konstrukte und Merkmale der Studienrichtung. Im vierten Band werden drei Hauptkategorien behandelt: klinische Zuarbeit, angewandte Forschung und interkulturelle Betrachtungen. Darüber hinaus werden Themen wie Kultur und Identität, multikulturelle Identitäten, interkulturelle Untersuchungen von Merkmalsstrukturen und Personalitätsprozesses u. v. m. behandelt. - Jeder Band enthält rund 100 Einträge zu Personalität und individuellen Unterschieden. Die Beiträge stammen von international führenden Psychologen. - Beschäftigt sich mit wichtigen klassischen und zeitgenössischen Modellen und Theorien der Persönlichkeitspsychologie, mit Mess- und Beurteilungsverfahren, Personalitätsprozessen und Unterschieden bei Individuen sowie mit Forschungsansätzen. - Bietet einen umfassenden und ausführlichen Überblick über die Persönlichkeitspsychologie. - The Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences ist ein wichtiges Referenzwerk für Studenten der Psychologie und Fachexperten, die sich mit der Untersuchung und Erforschung von Persönlichkeit beschäftigen.