Industrial Compositional Streamline Simulation For Efficient And Accurate Prediction Of Gas Injection And Wag Processes
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Industrial Compositional Streamline Simulation For Efficient And Accurate Prediction Of Gas Injection And Wag Processes
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Industrial Compositional Streamline Simulation For Efficient And Accurate Prediction Of Gas Injection And Wag Processes written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Gas-injection processes are widely and increasingly used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). In the United States, for example, EOR production by gas injection accounts for approximately 45% of total EOR production and has tripled since 1986. The understanding of the multiphase, multicomponent flow taking place in any displacement process is essential for successful design of gas-injection projects. Due to complex reservoir geometry, reservoir fluid properties and phase behavior, the design of accurate and efficient numerical simulations for the multiphase, multicomponent flow governing these processes is nontrivial. In this work, we developed, implemented and tested a streamline based solver for gas injection processes that is computationally very attractive: as compared to traditional Eulerian solvers in use by industry it computes solutions with a computational speed orders of magnitude higher and a comparable accuracy provided that cross-flow effects do not dominate. We contributed to the development of compositional streamline solvers in three significant ways: improvement of the overall framework allowing improved streamline coverage and partial streamline tracing, amongst others; parallelization of the streamline code, which significantly improves wall clock time; and development of new compositional solvers that can be implemented along streamlines as well as in existing Eulerian codes used by industry. We designed several novel ideas in the streamline framework. First, we developed an adaptive streamline coverage algorithm. Adding streamlines locally can reduce computational costs by concentrating computational efforts where needed, and reduce mapping errors. Adapting streamline coverage effectively controls mass balance errors that mostly result from the mapping from streamlines to pressure grid. We also introduced the concept of partial streamlines: streamlines that do not necessarily start and/or end at wells. This allows more efficient coverage and avoids the redundant work generally done in the near-well regions. We improved the accuracy of the streamline simulator with a higher order mapping from pressure grid to streamlines that significantly reduces smoothing errors, and a Kriging algorithm is used to map from the streamlines to the background grid. The higher accuracy of the Kriging mapping means that it is not essential for grid blocks to be crossed by one or more streamlines. The higher accuracy comes at the price of increased computational costs, but allows coarser coverage and so does not generally increase the overall costs of the computations. To reduce errors associated with fixing the pressure field between pressure updates, we developed a higher order global time-stepping method that allows the use of larger global time steps. Third-order ENO schemes are suggested to propagate components along streamlines. Both in the two-phase and three-phase experiments these ENO schemes outperform other (higher order) upwind schemes. Application of the third order ENO scheme leads to overall computational savings because the computational grid used can be coarsened. Grid adaptivity along streamlines is implemented to allow sharp but efficient resolution of solution fronts at reduced computational costs when displacement fronts are sufficiently separated. A correction for Volume Change On Mixing (VCOM) is implemented that is very effective at handling this effect. Finally, a specialized gravity operator splitting method is proposed for use in compositional streamline methods that gives an effective correction of gravity segregation. A significant part of our effort went into the development of a parallelization strategy for streamline solvers on the next generation shared memory machines. We found in this work that the built-in dynamic scheduling strategies of OpenMP lead to parallel efficiencies that are comparable to optimal schedules obtained with customized explicit load balancing strategies as long as the ratio of number of streamlines to number of threads is sufficiently high, which is the case in real-field applications. This is an important result, as it eases the transition of serial to parallel streamline codes. The parallel speedup itself depends on the relative contribution of the tracing and mapping stages as compared to the solution of the transport equations along streamlines. As the physical complexity of the simulated 1D transport process increases, the contribution of the less efficient tracing and mapping stages is reduced and near-linear scalabilities can be obtained. Our work clearly shows that the owner approach, in which threads are assigned whole streamlines, is more attractive than a distributed model, in which streamline segments are assigned to threads, because it allows re-use of existing sequential code for the 1D streamline solves, also for implicit time-stepping algorithms.
High Resolution Prediction Of Gas Injection Process Performance For Heterogeneous Reservoirs
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2002
High Resolution Prediction Of Gas Injection Process Performance For Heterogeneous Reservoirs written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with categories.
This report outlines progress in the first quarter of the third year of the DOE project ''High Resolution Prediction of Gas Injection Process Performance for Heterogeneous Reservoirs''. In this report we present an application of compositional streamline simulation in modeling enhanced condensate recovery via gas injection. These processes are inherently compositional and detailed compositional fluid descriptions must be use to represent the flow behavior accurately. Compositional streamline simulation results are compared to those of conventional finite-difference (FD) simulation for evaluation of gas injection schemes in condensate reservoirs. We present and compare streamline and FD results for two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) examples, to show that the compositional streamline method is a way to obtain efficiently estimates of reasonable accuracy for condensate recovery by gas injection.
High Resolution Prediction Of Gas Injection Process Performance For Heterogeneous Reservoirs
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Author : Franklin M. Orr, Jr
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
High Resolution Prediction Of Gas Injection Process Performance For Heterogeneous Reservoirs written by Franklin M. Orr, Jr and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
In this report we present an approach for accurate and consistent implementation of gravity effects in compositional streamline simulation. The approach is based on an operator-splitting technique, successfully applied in streamline simulation of black-oil models. The method is demonstrated to conserve mass. Its application adds only marginally to the overall CPU requirement. We provide a detailed description of the approach to incorporate gravity effects and demonstrate the efficiency of compositional streamline simulation, even for cases where gravity segregation plays an important role in the overall process performance. The new approach is demonstrated to be in excellent agreement with commercial FD simulators for prediction of flows in 2D vertical and multi-well 3D geometries. Finally, we outline the work required to extend the compositional streamline approach to handle three-phase flow modeling, also including gravity.
Supri C Gas Injection Processes Industrial Affiliates Program
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Author : SUPRI-C Gas Injection Processes Industrial Affiliates Program
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996-05
Supri C Gas Injection Processes Industrial Affiliates Program written by SUPRI-C Gas Injection Processes Industrial Affiliates Program and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05 with Oil wells categories.
Streamline Simulation
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Author : Akhil Datta-Gupta
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
Streamline Simulation written by Akhil Datta-Gupta and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Business & Economics categories.
Streamline-Simulation emphasizes the unique features of streamline technology that in many ways complement conventional finite-difference simulation. It fills gaps in the mathematical foundations.
An Introduction To Reservoir Simulation Using Matlab Gnu Octave
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Author : Knut-Andreas Lie
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2019-08-08
An Introduction To Reservoir Simulation Using Matlab Gnu Octave written by Knut-Andreas Lie and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Presents numerical methods for reservoir simulation, with efficient implementation and examples using widely-used online open-source code, for researchers, professionals and advanced students. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Reservoir Characterization
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Author : Larry Lake
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Reservoir Characterization written by Larry Lake and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Reservoir Characterization is a collection of papers presented at the Reservoir Characterization Technical Conference, held at the Westin Hotel-Galleria in Dallas on April 29-May 1, 1985. Conference held April 29-May 1, 1985, at the Westin Hotel—Galleria in Dallas. The conference was sponsored by the National Institute for Petroleum and Energy Research, Bartlesville, Oklahoma. Reservoir characterization is a process for quantitatively assigning reservoir properties, recognizing geologic information and uncertainties in spatial variability. This book contains 19 chapters, and begins with the geological characterization of sandstone reservoir, followed by the geological prediction of shale distribution within the Prudhoe Bay field. The subsequent chapters are devoted to determination of reservoir properties, such as porosity, mineral occurrence, and permeability variation estimation. The discussion then shifts to the utility of a Bayesian-type formalism to delineate qualitative ""soft"" information and expert interpretation of reservoir description data. This topic is followed by papers concerning reservoir simulation, parameter assignment, and method of calculation of wetting phase relative permeability. This text also deals with the role of discontinuous vertical flow barriers in reservoir engineering. The last chapters focus on the effect of reservoir heterogeneity on oil reservoir. Petroleum engineers, scientists, and researchers will find this book of great value.
Gas Transport In Porous Media
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Author : Clifford K. Ho
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-10-07
Gas Transport In Porous Media written by Clifford K. Ho and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-07 with Science categories.
CLIFFORD K. HOAND STEPHEN W. WEBB Sandia National Laboratories, P. O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA Gas and vapor transport in porous media occur in a number of important applications includingdryingofindustrialandfoodproducts,oilandgasexploration,environm- tal remediation of contaminated sites, and carbon sequestration. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms and processes of gas and vapor transport in porous media allows models to be used to evaluate and optimize the performance and design of these systems. In this book, gas and vapor are distinguished by their available states at stan- ? dard temperature and pressure (20 C, 101 kPa). If the gas-phase constituent can also exist as a liquid phase at standard temperature and pressure (e. g. , water, ethanol, toluene, trichlorothylene), it is considered a vapor. If the gas-phase constituent is non-condensable at standard temperature and pressure (e. g. , oxygen, carbon di- ide, helium, hydrogen, propane), it is considered a gas. The distinction is important because different processes affect the transport and behavior of gases and vapors in porous media. For example, mechanisms specific to vapors include vapor-pressure lowering and enhanced vapor diffusion, which are caused by the presence of a g- phase constituent interacting with its liquid phase in an unsaturated porous media. In addition, the “heat-pipe” exploits isothermal latent heat exchange during evaporation and condensation to effectively transfer heat in designed and natural systems.
Principles Of Applied Reservoir Simulation
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Author : John R. Fanchi
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-12-08
Principles Of Applied Reservoir Simulation written by John R. Fanchi and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Simulate reservoirs effectively to extract the maximum oil, gas and profit, with this book and free simlation software on companion web site.
Selected Topics On Improved Oil Recovery
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Author : Berihun Mamo Negash
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-03-15
Selected Topics On Improved Oil Recovery written by Berihun Mamo Negash and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-03-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents articles from the International Conference on Improved Oil Recovery, CIOR 2017, held in Bandung, Indonesia. Highlighting novel technologies in the area of Improved Oil Recovery, it discusses a range of topics, including enhanced oil recovery, hydraulic fracturing, production optimization, petrophysics and formation evaluation.