Inequality In The Spanish Labor Market During The Covid 19 Crisis
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Inequality In The Spanish Labor Market During The Covid 19 Crisis
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Author : Ana Lariau
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-01-28
Inequality In The Spanish Labor Market During The Covid 19 Crisis written by Ana Lariau and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-01-28 with Business & Economics categories.
We analyze the differential impact of the COVID-19 crisis on the Spanish labor market across population groups, as well as its implications for income inequality. The main finding is that young, less educated, and low skilled workers, as well as women are the most affected by the COVID-19 shock in terms of job loss rates. The differential impacts were especially acute at the height of the pandemic in 2020 and remain robust after taking into account the heterogeneity of sector characteristics. Given that these vulnerable groups were positioned in the lower end of the income distribution before the crisis, we hypothesize that income inequality likely has increased due to the pandemic. Policies aiming at reducing inequality in the labor market need to go beyond measures that target the hardest-hit sectors and support the vulnerable groups more directly.
Real Time Inequality And The Welfare State In Motion
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Author : Oriol Aspachs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Real Time Inequality And The Welfare State In Motion written by Oriol Aspachs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Disparities In Labour Market And Income Trends During The First Year Of The Covid 19 Crisis
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Author : Carsten Braband
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Disparities In Labour Market And Income Trends During The First Year Of The Covid 19 Crisis written by Carsten Braband and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
This paper studies inequalities in labour market outcomes, incomes and economic concerns across workers in Germany during the first year of the COVID-19 crisis using SOEP-CoV data. It shows that, overall, the self-employed and disadvantaged groups of workers were more severely affected by the crisis, including part-time workers and workers in marginal employment (Minijobs), low-educated and low-income workers, and to some extent women. Short-time work (Kurzarbeit), one of the central pillars of Germany's policy response to the crisis, prevented a further widening of labour market inequalities. In spite of the widespread use of Kurzarbeit, about one-in-five low-income workers who had been employed in 2019 were out of work in January/February 2021. This reflects that a higher share of low-income workers had been on part-time contracts and in Minijobs, and had lower capacity to work from home.
Hysteresis And Business Cycles
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Author : Ms.Valerie Cerra
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2020-05-29
Hysteresis And Business Cycles written by Ms.Valerie Cerra and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-29 with Business & Economics categories.
Traditionally, economic growth and business cycles have been treated independently. However, the dependence of GDP levels on its history of shocks, what economists refer to as “hysteresis,” argues for unifying the analysis of growth and cycles. In this paper, we review the recent empirical and theoretical literature that motivate this paradigm shift. The renewed interest in hysteresis has been sparked by the persistence of the Global Financial Crisis and fears of a slow recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The findings of the recent literature have far-reaching conceptual and policy implications. In recessions, monetary and fiscal policies need to be more active to avoid the permanent scars of a downturn. And in good times, running a high-pressure economy could have permanent positive effects.
Will Covid 19 Have Long Lasting Effects On Inequality Evidence From Past Pandemics
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Author : Davide Furceri
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-05
Will Covid 19 Have Long Lasting Effects On Inequality Evidence From Past Pandemics written by Davide Furceri and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-05 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper provides evidence on the impact of major epidemics from the past two decades on income distribution. The pandemics in our sample, even though much smaller in scale than COVID-19, have led to increases in the Gini coefficient, raised the income share of higher-income deciles, and lowered the employment-to-population ratio for those with basic education compared to those with higher education. We provide some evidence that the distributional consequences from the current pandemic may be larger than those flowing from the historical pandemics in our sample, and larger than those following typical recessions and financial crises.
The Rise In Inequality After Pandemics Can Fiscal Support Play A Mitigating Role
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Author : Davide Furceri
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2021-04-30
The Rise In Inequality After Pandemics Can Fiscal Support Play A Mitigating Role written by Davide Furceri and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-04-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Major epidemics of the last two decades (SARS, H1N1, MERS, Ebola and Zika) have been followed by increases in inequality (Furceri, Loungani, Ostry and Pizzuto, 2020). In this paper, we show that the extent of fiscal consolidation in the years following the onset of these pandemics has played an important role in determining the extent of the increase in inequality. Episodes marked by extreme austerity—measured using either the government’s fiscal balance, health expenditures or redistribution—have been associated with an increase in the Gini measure of inequality three times as large as in episodes where fiscal policy has been more supportive. We survey the evidence thus far on the distributional impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, which suggests that inequality is likely to increase in the absence of strong policy actions. We review the case made by many observers (IMF 2020; Stiglitz 2020; Sandbu 2020b) that fiscal support should not be withdrawn prematurely despite understandable concerns about high public debt-to-GDP ratios.
Spain Selected Issues
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Author : International Monetary
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-02-16
Spain Selected Issues written by International Monetary and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02-16 with Business & Economics categories.
Selected Issues
The Work Of The Future
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Author : David H. Autor
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2023-10-03
The Work Of The Future written by David H. Autor and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-03 with Business & Economics categories.
Why the United States lags behind other industrialized countries in sharing the benefits of innovation with workers and how we can remedy the problem. The United States has too many low-quality, low-wage jobs. Every country has its share, but those in the United States are especially poorly paid and often without benefits. Meanwhile, overall productivity increases steadily and new technology has transformed large parts of the economy, enhancing the skills and paychecks of higher paid knowledge workers. What’s wrong with this picture? Why have so many workers benefited so little from decades of growth? The Work of the Future shows that technology is neither the problem nor the solution. We can build better jobs if we create institutions that leverage technological innovation and also support workers though long cycles of technological transformation. Building on findings from the multiyear MIT Task Force on the Work of the Future, the book argues that we must foster institutional innovations that complement technological change. Skills programs that emphasize work-based and hybrid learning (in person and online), for example, empower workers to become and remain productive in a continuously evolving workplace. Industries fueled by new technology that augments workers can supply good jobs, and federal investment in R&D can help make these industries worker-friendly. We must act to ensure that the labor market of the future offers benefits, opportunity, and a measure of economic security to all.
Europe Today
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Author : Erik Jones
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2023-03-27
Europe Today written by Erik Jones and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-27 with Political Science categories.
Now in its sixth edition, Europe Today presents unrivaled coverage of developments in major European countries and across the region. Thoroughly revised and updated—including new chapters on Turkey and the wider European neighborhood to address their growing influence—this is the only work that offers a sustained and unified set of both country case studies and thematic chapters on the European Union. Written by leading scholars from Europe and North America, the book shows a range of perspectives on the process of European integration, the evolution of economic performance, and the reaction to multiculturalism and immigration. Highlighting the impact of the global economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian war in Ukraine, and the struggle to assert Europe’s voice more widely, the contributors provide a pragmatic assessment of what Europeans have accomplished and what challenges they continue to face. Each chapter builds on a foundation of basic political information and explanation to develop distinctive and thought-provoking contributions to current debates. Informative and engaging, this comprehensive text leads readers toward a coherent and informed view of Europe today.
The Aggregate And Distributional Effects Of Financial Globalization Evidence From Macro And Sectoral Data
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Author : Davide Furceri
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-04-06
The Aggregate And Distributional Effects Of Financial Globalization Evidence From Macro And Sectoral Data written by Davide Furceri and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-04-06 with Business & Economics categories.
We take a fresh look at the aggregate and distributional effects of policies to liberalize international capital flows—financial globalization. Both country- and industry-level results suggest that such policies have led on average to limited output gains while contributing to significant increases in inequality—that is, they pose an equity–efficiency trade-off. Behind this average lies considerable heterogeneity in effects depending on country characteristics. Liberalization increases output in countries with high financial depth and those that avoid financial crises, while distributional effects are more pronounced in countries with low financial depth and inclusion and where liberalization is followed by a crisis. Difference-indifference estimates using sectoral data suggest that liberalization episodes reduce the share of labor income, particularly for industries with higher external financial dependence, those with a higher natural propensity to use layoffs to adjust to idiosyncratic shocks, and those with a higher elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. The sectoral results underpin a causal interpretation of the findings using macro data.