Influence Of Diet Production Traits Blood Hormones And Metabolites And Mitochondrial Complex Protein Concentrations On Residual Feed Intake In Beef Cattle
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Influence Of Diet Production Traits Blood Hormones And Metabolites And Mitochondrial Complex Protein Concentrations On Residual Feed Intake In Beef Cattle
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Author : Michael Patrick Davis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009
Influence Of Diet Production Traits Blood Hormones And Metabolites And Mitochondrial Complex Protein Concentrations On Residual Feed Intake In Beef Cattle written by Michael Patrick Davis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Beef cattle categories.
Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between measured feed intake and predicted feed intake of an animal. Intake prediction is computed from a regression of intake on gain and metabolic body weight. Residual feed intake is used as a measure of metabolic efficiency. As RFI increases, feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) increase with no change in postweaning growth and body weight in steers. Identification and selection for lower RFI cattle would improve herd feed efficiency without influencing growth. Steer residual feed intake measured in the growing phase, is related to residual feed intake during the finishing phase. Animals with low residual feed intake in the growing phase had lower residual feed intake and improved feed efficiency in the finishing phase. Serum concentrations of glucose and mitochondrial function are related to metabolic efficiency and may differ between residual feed intake phenotypes. Serum concentrations of glucose at weaning were greater (P [lesser than] 0.05) in low (efficient) compared to high (inefficient) RFI steers. Mitochondrial complex protein concentrations I:II and I:III ratios were greater (P [lesser than] 0.05) in low extreme versus high extreme RFI steers. Diets varied in rumen undegradable protein content were used to determine impact of intestinal amino acid supply on growth performance. Increasing rumen bypass amino acids in no roughage diets during the growing phase tended (P [lesser than] 0.15) to influence ADG and FCR in the growing phase such that as rumen bypass amino acid level increased growth and feed efficiency improved in the growing phase. Steers fed post ruminal absorbable amino acid levels below that required for growth in growing phase tended (P [lesser than] 0.15) to have improved feed efficiency in the finishing phase. Also, during the growing phase as bypass amino acids increased subcutaneous and intramuscular fat deposition decreased in steers during the finishing phase. Feeding a level of bypass amino acids below optimum for growth to steers during the growing phase decreased (P [lesser than] 0.05) longissimus dorsi muscle area in steers during the finishing phase.
The Role Of Postruminal Amino Acid Supply And Mitochondria Function On Residual Feed Intake
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Author : Mariana Medeiros Masiero
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
The Role Of Postruminal Amino Acid Supply And Mitochondria Function On Residual Feed Intake written by Mariana Medeiros Masiero and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Residual feed intake (RFI), used as a metabolic efficiency measurement, is BW and growth rate independent and also is a moderately heritable trait. Previous research reported RFI was correlated to feed activity and behavior, ruminal fermentation nutrient digestion, body composition, blood hormones and metabolites as well as mitochondria function. Since mitochondria are responsible for producing 90% of the energy for the cell, some of the variations in growth performance and phenotypic expression of feed efficiency might be due to differences or inefficiencies in mitochondria function. Three studies were conducted to understand how AA requirement and mitochondria function influence different RFI phenotypes. The first study had 3 diets with increasing RUP (LOW, MID and HIGH) fed to continuous culture fermenters to characterize RUP supplementation using forage-based diet. We observed RUP supplementation in forage-based diets increased RUP flow from the rumen without influencing microbial fermentation. Reduced RUP for HIGH compared to MID may be due to microbial adaptation to greater RUP levels. The second study evaluated the effects of postruminal AA supply during the GP on growth performance, carcass measurements, RFI, and blood metabolites using roughage-based diet. We reported no interaction between level of bypass AA during growing phase and RFI, leading to main effects examination. Calves consuming diets with postruminal AA supplied above requirements may respond with greater gain rate, however improved growth was not sustained throughout the feeding period. As RFI decreased, steers consumed less feed and were more efficient with no change in BW during all periods. Steers classified as efficient during growing phase were not necessary in the same category during finishing phase. The last study conducted determined if mitochondria complex I, complex III and subunits (from complex I) differed among RFI phenotypes and if mitochondria measurements could account for additional differences in DMI. Examination of lymphocyte mitochondria proteins (complex I, complex I subunits and complex III) found a relationship between mitochondria band I, band VI and RFI. Mitochondrial measurements increased coefficient of determination for intake prediction. These results led to the conclusion that mitochondrial function is in part responsible for animals metabolic efficiency differences.
Feed Efficiency In The Beef Industry
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Author : Rodney A. Hill
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-06-18
Feed Efficiency In The Beef Industry written by Rodney A. Hill and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-06-18 with Science categories.
Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry provides a thorough and concise overview of feed efficiency in beef cattle. It frames the great importance of feed efficiency to the industry and details the latest findings of the many scientific disciplines that intersect and aim to improve efficient and sustainable production of nutritious beef. The vast majority of production costs are directly tied to feed. With increased demand for grains to feed a rapidly increasing world population and to supply a new demand for alternative fuels, feed costs continue to increase. In recent years, the negative environmental impacts of inefficient feeding have also been realized; as such feed efficiency is an important factor in both economic viability and environmental sustainability of cattle production. Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry covers a broad range of topics ranging from economic evaluation of feed efficiency to the physiological and genetic bases of efficient conversion of feed to high quality beef. Chapters also look at how a fuller understanding of feed efficiency is leading to new selective breeding efforts to develop more efficient cattle. With wide-ranging coverage from leading international researchers, Feed Efficiency will be a valuable resource for producers who wish to understand the complexities, challenges, and opportunities to reduce their cost of production, for students studying the topic and for researchers and professionals working in the beef industry.
Biology Of Domestic Animals
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Author : Colin G. Scanes
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-09-01
Biology Of Domestic Animals written by Colin G. Scanes and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-01 with Nature categories.
There is increasing interest in the biology of domestic animals ranging from genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutritional physiology, and systems biology. This book touches on all of these, with a particular focus on topics such as domestic animals as comparative models to humans, molecular regulation of growth, metabolic efficiency, reproduction, and the impact of stress on growth and development. The book concludes with a discussion on the current and future directions for researchers.
Energy And Protein Metabolism And Nutrition
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Author : Mario Luiz Chizzotti
language : en
Publisher: Brill Wageningen Academic
Release Date : 2019
Energy And Protein Metabolism And Nutrition written by Mario Luiz Chizzotti and has been published by Brill Wageningen Academic this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Animal nutrition categories.
Variations in feeding frequency may lead to difference in utilization of dietary nutrients. The effects of feeding frequency have been tested in growing pigs and finishing pigs using respiratory quotient and postprandial kinetics of plasma metabolites. A reduced feeding frequency resulted in an increased lipogenesis and proteolysis shortly after the meal both in growing and finishing pigs. Nevertheless, growing and finishing pigs exhibit different metabolic pathways when feeding frequency is reduced.
Biology Of Domestic Animals
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Author : Colin G. Scanes
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2017-09-01
Biology Of Domestic Animals written by Colin G. Scanes and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-01 with Nature categories.
There is increasing interest in the biology of domestic animals ranging from genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, nutritional physiology, and systems biology. This book touches on all of these, with a particular focus on topics such as domestic animals as comparative models to humans, molecular regulation of growth, metabolic efficiency, reproduction, and the impact of stress on growth and development. The book concludes with a discussion on the current and future directions for researchers.
Cumulated Index Medicus
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1965
Cumulated Index Medicus written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1965 with Medicine categories.
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action
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Author : Alan R. Saltiel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-10-05
Mechanisms Of Insulin Action written by Alan R. Saltiel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-05 with Medical categories.
More than 18 million people in the United States have diabetes mellitus, and about 90% of these have the type 2 form of the disease. This book attempts to dissect the complexity of the molecular mechanisms of insulin action with a special emphasis on those features of the system that are subject to alteration in type 2 diabetes and other insulin resistant states. It explores insulin action at the most basic levels, through complex systems.
Feed Efficiency In The Beef Industry
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Author : Rodney A. Hill
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-09-11
Feed Efficiency In The Beef Industry written by Rodney A. Hill and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-11 with Science categories.
Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry provides a thorough and concise overview of feed efficiency in beef cattle. It frames the great importance of feed efficiency to the industry and details the latest findings of the many scientific disciplines that intersect and aim to improve efficient and sustainable production of nutritious beef. The vast majority of production costs are directly tied to feed. With increased demand for grains to feed a rapidly increasing world population and to supply a new demand for alternative fuels, feed costs continue to increase. In recent years, the negative environmental impacts of inefficient feeding have also been realized; as such feed efficiency is an important factor in both economic viability and environmental sustainability of cattle production. Feed Efficiency in the Beef Industry covers a broad range of topics ranging from economic evaluation of feed efficiency to the physiological and genetic bases of efficient conversion of feed to high quality beef. Chapters also look at how a fuller understanding of feed efficiency is leading to new selective breeding efforts to develop more efficient cattle. With wide-ranging coverage from leading international researchers, Feed Efficiency will be a valuable resource for producers who wish to understand the complexities, challenges, and opportunities to reduce their cost of production, for students studying the topic and for researchers and professionals working in the beef industry.
Feed Efficiency In Swine
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Author : John F. Patience
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-10-15
Feed Efficiency In Swine written by John F. Patience and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-15 with Science categories.
'Feed efficiency in swine' has been prepared as a comprehensive treatise on the current state of our understanding of this topic which is so important to the pork industry. Each chapter is written by international authorities who understand both the science and application of their topic area. The book provides detailed insight into the many factors affecting feed efficiency, ranging from diet processing to herd health, from nutrition to physiology and from day-to-day barn management to the adoption of advanced technologies. The authors explain such practical aspects as the challenge of interpreting feed efficiency information obtained on farm or the role of liquid feeding. The authors also delve into more scientific topics such as amino acid or energy metabolism or animal physiology. This book is written for people who have a technical interest in pork production, including nutritionists, geneticists, farm management specialists, veterinarians, other academics and, of course, pork producers.