Influence Of Natural Enemies On Spread Of An Aphid Borne Virus
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Influence Of Natural Enemies On Spread Of An Aphid Borne Virus
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Author : John F. Saponara
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1994
Influence Of Natural Enemies On Spread Of An Aphid Borne Virus written by John F. Saponara and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with categories.
Evaluating The Non Consumptive Effects Of Insect Predators On Aphids And Aphid Borne Virus Transmission
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Author : Benjamin Walter Lee
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Evaluating The Non Consumptive Effects Of Insect Predators On Aphids And Aphid Borne Virus Transmission written by Benjamin Walter Lee and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with Aphids categories.
Predators exhibit "consumptive effects" (CEs) by capturing and consuming prey, while exhibiting "non-consumptive effects" (NCEs) on prey physiology and behavior through failed attacks that influence their perception of risk in the environment. Predatory insects are widely used to control agricultural pests, including insect vectors of pathogens, though their role in affecting pathogen transmission has been poorly understood. This dissertation evaluates a range of predation effects on aphid vectors and their transmission of Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV), an economically damaging aphid-borne pathogen of legumes grown in the Pacific Northwest USA. The first chapter discusses difficulties in predicting vector-borne virus transmission using mathematical models, as vectors' interactions with other species can unpredictably affect rates of pathogen transmission. The second chapter documents a field study evaluating predator CEs and NCEs on aphid vector abundance, movement, and feeding behavior and how these effects contribute to aphids' ability to transmit PEMV. Analysis using structural equation modeling revealed predators indirectly increased PEMV prevalence by inducing aphids to disperse to new hosts and feed upon parts of the host plant on which pathogen transmission is greater. The third chapter details several greenhouse experiments examining how vector responses to signals of predation risk affect transmission of PEMV. I found that chemical cues left by predators or alarm pheromones released by conspecifics reduced aphids' ability to acquire and transmit PEMV but had no effect on their fecundity or nutrition. The final chapter describes a field study examining how diverse predator communities affect aphids and PEMV transmission. When multiple predator species feed on aphid vectors, their effects on aphid abundance can be synergistic or antagonistic, though the impacts of predator diversity on aphid behavior and transmission efficiency are unknown. I find that predator diversity enhanced aphid suppression but altered aphid behavior in ways that increased virus transmission, resulting in no net change in PEMV prevalence. This final chapter suggests that the benefits of increasing diversity for pest suppression may not similarly influence disease risk. This dissertation improves our understanding of how insect predators affect plant pathogen transmission and will inform management strategies using natural enemies to combat plant pathogens.
Aphids
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Author : A. K. Minks
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1987
Aphids written by A. K. Minks and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987 with Aphididae categories.
Advances In Disease Vector Research
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Advances In Disease Vector Research written by and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
This series explores how vectors (carriers of disease agents, such as insects) acquire, carry and subsequently transmit pathogens to hosts. It covers the spectrum of vectors, including carriers of plant pathogens as well as medically related pathogens. The Chapters in Volume 7 include: 1. "K. Gibb, J.W. Randles: " Transmission of velvet tobacco mottle virus and related viruses by the mirid Cyrto- peltis nicotianae. 2. "N. Carter, R. Harrington: " Factors influencing aphid population dynamics and behavior and the consequences for virus spread. 3. "R.H. Bagnall: " Cyclic epidemics of aphid-borne potato viruses in Northern seed-potato-growing areas. 4. "C.J. Andrews, R.C. Sinha: " Interactions between barley yellow dwarf virus infection and winter-stress tolerance in cereals. 5. "J.R. DeLoach, G. " "Spates: " Artificial diets for blood feeding insects: a review. 6. "I. Maudlin: " Transmission of African trypanosomiasis: interactions among Tsetse immune system, symbionts, and parasites. 7. "C. Chastel, I. Humphery-Smith: " Mosquito spiroplasmas. The first four chapters cover topics in plant virus transmission by insects. The final three chapters focus on human and animal disease associations with bollid-feeding flies.
Aphids As Crop Pests 2nd Edition
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Author : Helmut F van Emden
language : en
Publisher: CABI
Release Date : 2017-08-23
Aphids As Crop Pests 2nd Edition written by Helmut F van Emden and has been published by CABI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Aphids are among the major global pest groups, causing serious economic damage to many food and commodity crops in most parts of the world. This revision and update of the well-received first edition published ten years ago reflects the expansion of research in genomics, endosymbionts and semiochemicals, as well as the shift from control of aphids with insecticides to a more integrated approach imposed by increasing resistance in the aphids and government restrictions on pesticides. The book remains a comprehensive and up-to-date reference work on the biology of aphids, the various methods of controlling them and the progress of integrated pest management as illustrated by ten case histories.
Plant Virus And Viroid Diseases In The Tropics
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Author : K. Subramanya Sastry
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2014-01-06
Plant Virus And Viroid Diseases In The Tropics written by K. Subramanya Sastry and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-01-06 with Science categories.
Around the globe, besides fungal and bacterial diseases, both virus and viroid diseases have acquired greater importance in the realm of plant pathology and call for effective management measures as they are responsible for heavy yield losses and are a matter of vital importance and concern to farmers, horticulturists, gardeners and foresters. Understanding disease epidemiology is of vital importance for formulating viable disease management practices in a given agro-ecosystem. The development and progress of plant disease epidemics are variable from region to region. Epidemiology is not a static process, but rather a dynamic course that varies with a change in the ecology, host, vector and virus systems.
Natural Enemies
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Author : Ann E. Hajek
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2004-02-12
Natural Enemies written by Ann E. Hajek and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-02-12 with Gardening categories.
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Aphids As Virus Vectors
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Author : Kerry F. Harris
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2014-05-10
Aphids As Virus Vectors written by Kerry F. Harris and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-05-10 with Nature categories.
Aphids as Virus Vectors focuses on aphids as vectors of plant viruses and the fundamentals of their relationship with virus and host. The mouthparts and feeding mechanism of aphids are discussed, along with aphid penetration of plant tissues and the transmission mechanisms of aphids as virus vectors. The intrinsic properties and taxonomy of aphid-borne viruses are also examined. Comprised of 22 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the importance of aphids as vectors, their biology, and the properties of the viruses they transmit. These introductory chapters prepare the reader for later ones on aphid-virus-plant interactions. The next section deals with transmission mechanisms, with emphasis on several novel alternatives to many of the traditionally held concepts of how aphids transmit viruses. Accessory factors in non-persistent virus transmission are considered. Subsequent chapters focus on technological advances in aphid-virus research, including the use of aphid cell culturing, radioisotope methodology, membrane feeding, and electrical measurement systems. The most promising frontiers in epidemiological and control-oriented research are discussed in the last two sections. This monograph will be a useful resource for researchers from such varied sciences as entomology, plant science, and virology, as well as for graduate students taking entomology and plant pathology courses on insects in relation to plant diseases.
Dissertation Abstracts International
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
Dissertation Abstracts International written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Dissertations, Academic categories.
Sustainable Management Of Arthropod Pests Of Tomato
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Author : Waqas Wakil
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-11-19
Sustainable Management Of Arthropod Pests Of Tomato written by Waqas Wakil and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-19 with Science categories.
Sustainable Management of Arthropod Pests of Tomato provides insight into the proper and appropriate application of pesticides and the integration of alternative pest management methods. The basis of good crop management decisions is a better understanding of the crop ecosystem, including the pests, their natural enemies, and the crop itself. This book provides a global overview of the biology and management of key arthropod pests of tomatoes, including arthropod-vectored diseases. It includes information that places tomatoes in terms of global food production and food security, with each pest chapter including the predators and parasitoids that have specifically been found to have the greatest impact on reducing that particular pest. In-depth coverage of the development of resistance in tomato plants and the biotic and abiotic elicitors of resistance and detailed information about the sustainable management of tomato pests is also presented. Provides basic biological and management information for arthropod pests of tomato from a global perspective, encompassing all production types (field, protected, organic) Includes chapters on integrated management of tomato pests and specific aspects of tomato pest management, including within protected structures and in organic production Presents management systems that have been tested in the real-world by the authors of each chapter Fully illustrated throughout with line drawings and color plates that illustrate key pest and beneficial arthropods associated with tomato production around the world