Influence Of Public And Private Sector Extension Services In The Adoption Of Improved Cassava Varieties By Farmers In Rivers State Nigeria
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Influence Of Public And Private Sector Extension Services In The Adoption Of Improved Cassava Varieties By Farmers In Rivers State Nigeria
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Author : Emma Ifeanyi Ogueri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Influence Of Public And Private Sector Extension Services In The Adoption Of Improved Cassava Varieties By Farmers In Rivers State Nigeria written by Emma Ifeanyi Ogueri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The public sector extension service in Nigeria was anchored by the Agricultural Development Programmes (ADPs). In Rivers State, the ADP was established in 1987 as a semi-autonomous, self accounting unit with the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources and funding was based on the following ration, RSG -14%, FG-20% and world bank-66%. Similarly, the private sector extension services in Rivers State was provided by the multinational oil and gas companies notably, SPDC, TEPNG and NAOC with SPDC taken the lead, hence its choice in the study. SPDC started agricultural projects in 1965 in Ogoni but the activities were blown to limelight in early 90s with 9 extension officers resident in the company's host communities called zones. The main objectives of the public and private sector extension services was to ensure food security through communication of technologies to farmers for enhanced adoption of improved varieties and farming systems mostly in the areas of crop, fisheries and animal productions. This study x-rayed the adoption of improved cassava varieties that was considered in great demand over local varieties (due to its numerous advantages) as a source of major staple food (garri, amala, fufu) in Nigeria. Participatory and interactive bottom-up approach was employed to obtain data from the farmers and extension officers. Simple descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used. Technologies considered influential on improved cassava varieties adoption were planting time, planting length/population, planting distance (spacing), planting regime, weed control, appropriate fertilizer availability / application methods, harvesting time and other agronomic procedures. Results showed moderate adoption of overall recommended technologies of improved cassava production from farmers served by the public and private sector extension services but relatively higher adoption rate by the private sector than the public sector. A phenomenon caused by additional incentives by the operators of the private sector extension system. However, there was a significant difference in the adoption of recommended planting date between farmers reached by public and private extension officers. Conversely, there were no significant differences between farmers served by the extension systems with respect to the adoption of spacing, fertilizer type and fertilizer quantity. Thus, it revealed that when the component technologies were pooled, their overall adoption was not significantly different between farmers served by the public and private sector extension services. It was also found that private sector extension system operates like a social responsibility without legislative framework; hence their continued operation in Nigeria was doubtful. This situation could impose a serious threat to food security and negatively affect government transformation plan for agriculture. It was recommended among others that the skills of extension officers of both public and private sectors be improved through periodic trainings. Regular logistics was important for effective extension system and that holistic approach using Research-Extension-Farmers-Inputs-Linkage-System (REFILS) should be employed and MTRM organized so that the farmers through the extension officers would constantly be informed of new varieties from the Research Institutes. Legislative framework would be a must for multinational oil and gas companies in Nigeria to continued support for agricultural development. In conclusion, until cassava production is enhanced through mass adoption of improved varieties, the Federal Government plan of using cassava flour as input in bread production would introduce scarcity to source of Nigerian most staple food which could result to starvation. This scenario and security situation in Nigeria would rather be imagined than described.
Evaluation Of Agricultural Extension Messages That Support Adoption Of Improved Cassava Production Technologies
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Author : Emma Ifeanyi Ogueri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Evaluation Of Agricultural Extension Messages That Support Adoption Of Improved Cassava Production Technologies written by Emma Ifeanyi Ogueri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Research on improved cassava varieties in Nigeria was championed by IITA to enhance food security. Most new varieties had enormous advantages over the local varieties that had familiar terrain; hence mass adoption should be advocated. The public extension services adopted Training and Visit (T & V) system to canvas for adoption of the improved varieties. Similarly, the private sector extension system of the oil and gas companies bombarded same farmers with similar messages on improved cassava varieties. It appeared that the public and private sector extension approaches did not yield anticipated results as cultivation of local varieties was still on the increase in Rivers State, Nigeria. Thus, there was need to evaluate the technology packages in terms of agricultural extension messages on improved cassava varieties by the public and private systems as represented by Rivers State ADP and SPDC agric services respectively based on content, communication method and farming systems. This was indeed the main objective of the study. Methodology was participatory through interviews, Focused Group Discussion and questionnaires to semi-literate farmers. Data was obtained from both the service providers (extension agents) and clientele. It was difficult to isolate farmers based on sources of information. The public and private extension agencies targeted same farmers, a situation that created confusion in understanding, assimilation and adoption of technologies on improved cassava varieties. This confusion seemed to have caused moderate adoption while cultivation of local varieties was still on the increase regardless the concerted efforts of public and private sector extension systems. Analysis was by simple descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation. Results showed that farmers targeted by both public and private sectors were mostly illiterates on subsistence agriculture while cassava production was treated as "a woman crop". The content of extension messages (technologies) was not concise but ambiguous; thereby leading to multiple interpretations. The public sector extension officers complained of no sustainable mobility which affected frequency of visits. Extension officers from both public and private sectors became complaisant and relied on each other to fill gaps of inefficiency. This confirmed the adage "goats owned by more than a person always die of starvation". Farmers were left at the mercy of managing distorted information from extension officers. The private sector saw agricultural extension as Corporate Social Responsibility based on charity and not supported by any legislation or policy framework. It was adjudged as not having direct bearing to the upstream or downstream oil and gas sectors. Thus, agricultural extension service was down-played hence SPDC recently scrapped its agricultural services while TEPNG and NAOC are in dilemma of continued support to farmers. It was recommended that legislative and policy framework enforcing private sector extension system be required to demonstrate political will to sustain agricultural development in Nigeria and by implication, an assurance for food security. Commercial farms headed by men should be involved to enhance commercial production of cassava in Nigeria. Federal government of Nigeria should provide special incentive to encourage public and private sector extension services to sustain planned economic empowerment programme. Finally, as literacy level enhances assimilation of extension messages, special education should be organized for rural farmers as is the case with nomadic education to increase adoption rates. Conclusively, significant relationship exists between understanding of extension packages (messages) by clienteles and adoption of improved cassava varieties; hence the Federal Government of Nigeria will need to build this phenomenon into its transformation agenda for food security.
Impact Of Research Extension Farming Linkages On Farmers Adoption Decision For Improved Cassava Varieties
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Author : Grace Titilayo Abolaji
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Impact Of Research Extension Farming Linkages On Farmers Adoption Decision For Improved Cassava Varieties written by Grace Titilayo Abolaji and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with categories.
A Technical Review Of Modern Cassava Technology Adoption In Nigeria 1985 2013
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Author : Oparinde, Adewale
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2016-04-13
A Technical Review Of Modern Cassava Technology Adoption In Nigeria 1985 2013 written by Oparinde, Adewale and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-13 with Social Science categories.
In recent times, results of various adoption studies have been mixed, raising questions regarding why some improved farm technologies are still not widely adopted several years after their first introduction. Many improved cassava varieties have been introduced to millions of farm households across Africa south of the Sahara. Using an extensive review of cassava-adoption literature focused on Nigeria, this paper discusses the uptake of improved cassava varieties. Generic measurement and methodological issues in the literature are illuminated and alternative approaches suggested. The literature can be improved to better inform policy by considering issues such as attribution constraint due to varietal identification challenges and sample selection bias that can limit interpretation of findings. Very few studies disaggregated adoption by men and women, thus the literature can provide more policy relevance by giving adequate attention to gender considerations. Also, the use of only descriptive statistics and dichotomous choice models is most common while issues of sequencing, simultaneity, endogenity, and social learning effects in adoption decisions are under-evaluated. The local germplasm at research institutions in the country is not exhaustive and thus efforts should focus on improving the database for an effective use of a DNA fingerprinting technique in the varietal identification process.
The Cassava Transformation
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Author : Felix I. Nweke
language : en
Publisher: MSU Press
Release Date : 2002
The Cassava Transformation written by Felix I. Nweke and has been published by MSU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Business & Economics categories.
Cassava is Africa's second most important food crop. The cassava transformation that is now underway in West Africa is fueled by new high yielding TMS varieties that have transformed cassava from a low-yielding, famine-reserve crop to a high-yielding cash crop for both rural and urban consumers. The book highlights the role of cassava as a "poverty fighter" by increasing cassava productivity and driving down the cost of cassava in rural and urban diets.
New Challenges In The Cassava Transformation In Nigeria And Ghana
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Author : Felix I. Nweke
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2004
New Challenges In The Cassava Transformation In Nigeria And Ghana written by Felix I. Nweke and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Social Science categories.
Working With Smallholders
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Author : International Finance Corporation
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2023-11-01
Working With Smallholders written by International Finance Corporation and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Smallholder farmers are the stewards of more than 80 percent of the world’s farms. These small family businesses produce about one-third of the world’s food. In Africa and Asia, smallholders dominate the production of food crops, as well as export commodities such as cocoa, coffee, and cotton. However, smallholders and farm workers remain among the poorest segments of the population, and they are on the frontline of climate change. Smallholder farmers face constraints in accessing inputs, finance, knowledge, technology, labor, and markets. Raising farm-level productivity in a sustainable way is a key development priority. Agribusinesses are increasingly working with smallholder farmers in low- and middle-income countries to secure agricultural commodities. More productive smallholders boost rural incomes and economic growth, as well as reduce poverty. Smallholders also represent a growing underserved market for farm inputs, information, and financial services. Working with Smallholders: A Handbook for Firms Building Sustainable Supply Chains (third edition) shows agribusinesses how to engage more effectively with smallholders and to develop sustainable, resilient, and productive supply chains. The book compiles practical solutions and cutting-edge ideas to overcome the challenges facing smallholders. This third edition is substantially revised from the second edition and incorporates new material on the potential for digital technologies and sustainable farming. This handbook is written principally to outline opportunities for the private sector. The content may also be useful to the staffs of governmental or nongovernmental development programs working with smallholders, as well as to academic and research institutions.
Farmer Adoption Of Cassava Traits
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Author : Hannah Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Farmer Adoption Of Cassava Traits written by Hannah Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Adopting improved varieties is key for improving agricultural productivity and farmers' quality of life in developing countries. The objective of the study was to examine determinants of Nigerian farmers' decisions to adopt improved cassava variety (ICV) traits, classifying the traits into three different groups : resilience, marketability, and cooking quality. The data used in this study come from a survey of 1,087 households conducted in four regions of Nigeria in 2015, focusing on adoption of ICVs. Using Tobit and Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) models, the results showed that the determinants of adoption vary across traits. For instance, adoption of ICVs with superior cooking quality traits is affected by extension agency contact, and credit availability. On the other hand, determinants of trait adoption with resilience characteristics are household size and household's cooperative membership. Furthermore, living in the North region has a positive effect on adoption of resilience trait, while it negatively affects adoption of marketability and cooking quality traits. Besides, the proportion of cassava used for home consumption purposes shows a negative correlation with adoption of ICVs and traits.
Research And Development For Improved Cassava Varieties In Ghana
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Author : Patricia Pinamang Acheampong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Research And Development For Improved Cassava Varieties In Ghana written by Patricia Pinamang Acheampong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Electronic books categories.
The importance of Cassava in the food systems of Ghanaians cannot be underestimated. As a main staple crop, Cassava contributes about 22% and 30% to the Agricultural Gross Domestic Product (AGDP) and daily calories intake respectively. Per capita consumption of 152¬†kg makes it the highest among all food crops. Due to Cassava,Äôs importance, there have been lots of attention paid to it by the Government and Donor agencies towards its improvement. This has yielded substantial results in terms of the development of cassava varieties and good agronomic practices. This chapter reviewed cassava technologies development in Ghana, adoption of these technologies by smallholder farmers, and livelihood implications. Results generated showed that Research and Development since 1993 has developed, released, and disseminated 25 new cassava varieties to smallholder farmers. Average cassava yields have increased from about 14¬†t/ha in 2009 to 21¬†t/ha in 2018. Partial budget analysis showed that smallholder farmers,Äô profitability has increased over the years from GH,ǵ644.32 (about US$ 111) in 2009 to GH,ǵ5243.27 (about US$ 904) in 2018. Again, the crop is gradually gaining attention as an industrial crop for flour, starch, and alcohol production, a drive that would further improve on returns to farmers. It is a food security crop because it is robust, produces more per unit area, and versatile for multiple usages in household foods and derivatives. It is recommended that continuous policy consideration on cassava in national agricultural agenda setting is essential.
Rural Extension Services
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Author : Jock R. Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Rural Extension Services written by Jock R. Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Agricultural extension work categories.