Rural Extension Services
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Rural Extension Services
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Author : Jock R. Anderson
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2003
Rural Extension Services written by Jock R. Anderson and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Agricultural extension work categories.
Rural Extension Services
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Author : Jock R. Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Rural Extension Services written by Jock R. Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Anderson and Feder analyze the considerations that lead policymakers to undertake extension investments as a key public responsibility, as well as the complex set of factors and intra-agency incentives that explain why different extension systems' performance vary. The authors provide a conceptual framework outlining farmers' demand for information, the welfare economic characterizations of extension services, and the organizational and political attributes that govern the performance of extension systems. They use the conceptual framework to examine several extension modalities and to analyze their likely and actual effectiveness. Specifically, the modalities reviewed include quot;training and visitquot; extension, decentralized systems, quot;fee-for-servicequot; and privatized extension, and farmer-field-schools. The authors also discuss methodological issues pertaining to the assessment of extension outcomes and review the empirical literature on extension impact. They emphasize the efficiency gains that can come from locally decentralized delivery systems with incentive structures based largely on private provision that in most poorer countries is still publicly-funded. In wealthier countries, and for particular higher income farmer groups, extension systems will likely evolve into fee-for-service organizations. This paper - a joint product of the Agriculture and Rural Development Department and Rural Development, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the Bank to study the opportunities and challenges facing agricultural extension.
Agricultural Extension And Rural Advisory Services What Have We Learned What S Next
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Author : Davis, Kristin E.
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2021-10-29
Agricultural Extension And Rural Advisory Services What Have We Learned What S Next written by Davis, Kristin E. and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-10-29 with Political Science categories.
Agricultural extension provides the critical connection from agricultural innovation and discovery to durable improvements at scale, as farmers and other actors in the rural economy learn, adapt, and innovate with new technologies and practices. However, lack of capacity and performance of agricultural extension in lower- and middle-income countries is an ongoing concern. Research on agricultural extension and advisory services (in short, extension) has been an integral part of the CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM) since its inception. This brief synthesizes key findings from research funded by and linked to PIM from 2012 to 2021, presenting lessons learned and a vision for the future of extension. A list of all PIM-related extension and advisory services research is provided at the end. Designing and implementing effective provision of extension is complex, and efforts to strengthen extension services often fall into a trap of adopting “best practice” blueprint approaches that are not well-tailored to local conditions. An expansive literature examines the promises and pitfalls of common approaches, including training-and-visit extension systems, farmer field schools, and many others (Anderson and Feder 2004; Anderson et al. 2006; Waddington and White 2014; Scoones and Thompson 2009). To understand extension systems and build evidence for what works and where, the “best-fit” framework, a widely recognized approach developed by Birner and colleagues (2009) and adapted by Davis and Spielman (2017), offers a simple impact chain approach (Figure 1). The framework focuses on a defined set of extension service characteristics that affect performance: governance structures and funding; organizational and management capacities and cultures; methods; and community engagement — all of which are subject to external factors such as the policy environment, agroecological conditions, and farming-system heterogeneity. To enhance extension performance and, ultimately, a wide range of outcomes and impacts, new and innovative interventions can be applied and adapted within this set of extension characteristics.
Agricultural Extension
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Author : Gershon Feder
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
Agricultural Extension written by Gershon Feder and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Ability categories.
Abstract: May 1999 - The agriculture sector must nearly double biological yields on existing farmland to meet food needs, which will double in the next quarter century. A sustainable approach to providing agricultural extension services in developing countries-minimal external inputs, a systems orientation, pluralism, and arrangements that take advantage of the best incentives for farmers and extension service providers-will release the local knowledge, resources, common sense, and organizing ability of rural people. Is agricultural extension in developing countries up to the task of providing the information, ideas, and organization needed to meet food needs? What role should governments play in implementing or facilitating extension services? Roughly 80 percent of the world's extension is publicly funded and delivered by civil servants, providing a range of services to the farming population, commercial producers, and disadvantaged target groups. Budgetary constraints and concerns about performance create pressure to show the payoff on investment in extension and to explore alternatives to publicly providing it. Feder, Willett, and Zijp analyze the challenges facing policymakers who must decide what role governments should play in implementing or facilitating extension services. Focusing on developing country experience, they identify generic challenges that make it difficult to organize extension: The magnitude of the task; Dependence on wider policy and other agency functions; Problems in identifying the cause and effect needed to enable accountability and to get political support and funding; Liability for public service functions beyond the transfer of agricultural knowledge and information; Fiscal sustainability; Inadequate interaction with knowledge generators. Feder, Willett, and Zijp show how various extension approaches were developed in attempts to overcome the challenges of extension: Improving extension management; Decentralizing; Focusing on single commodities; Providing fee-for-service public extension services; Establishing institutional pluralism; Empowering people by using participatory approaches; Using appropriate media. Each of the approaches has weaknesses and strengths, and in their analysis the authors identify the ingredients that show promise. Rural people know when something is relevant and effective. The aspects of agricultural extension services that tend to be inherently low cost and build reciprocal, mutually trusting relationships are those most likely to produce commitment, accountability, political support, fiscal sustainability, and the kinds of effective interaction that generate knowledge. This paper-a joint product of Rural Development, Development Research Group, and the Rural Development Department-is part of a larger effort in the Bank to identify institutional and policy reforms needed to promote sustainable and equitable rural development. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], [email protected], or [email protected].
Information Needs Of Staff Of Agricultural Extension Services
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Author : Jennie Dey
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1977
Information Needs Of Staff Of Agricultural Extension Services written by Jennie Dey and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1977 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Role Of Subject Matter Specialists In Extension Services
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Author : Luis Eduardo Chaves E.
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Role Of Subject Matter Specialists In Extension Services written by Luis Eduardo Chaves E. and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with Agricultural extension work categories.
Public And Private Agricultural Extension
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Author : Dina Umali-Deininger
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Public And Private Agricultural Extension written by Dina Umali-Deininger and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Technology & Engineering categories.
World Bank Discussion Paper 236. Agricultural support services play an important role in increasing agricultural productivity. Given the importance of agriculture to developing countries, governments have taken the lead in providing such services.
Supply Of And Demand For Agricultural Extension Services In Malawi A Synthesis
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Author : Ragasa, Catherine
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date : 2018-02-14
Supply Of And Demand For Agricultural Extension Services In Malawi A Synthesis written by Ragasa, Catherine and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-14 with Political Science categories.
There are more than 120 organizations and programs in Malawi working on agriculture that include extension service provision among their main activities. However, extension service provision is largely "projectized" uncoordinated, and unmonitored. This Note synthesizes the main findings from the recent surveys and interviews of households, communities, and service providers about the status of access to these extension services, challenges on both demand and supply sides, and suggestions and reflections that can inform the ongoing development of the National Agricultural Extension Strategy.
Extension Service Review
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Author : United States. Federal Extension Service
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1934
Extension Service Review written by United States. Federal Extension Service and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1934 with Agricultural education categories.
Agricultural Extension Rural Development And The Food Security Challenge
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Author : William McLeod Rivera
language : en
Publisher: Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
Release Date : 2003
Agricultural Extension Rural Development And The Food Security Challenge written by William McLeod Rivera and has been published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Business & Economics categories.
This publication reviews key trends and policy developments aimed at reforming agricultural extension systems, in order to address issues of food security, poverty alleviation and rural sustainable development. It highlights the importance of the public sector in promoting rural development through extension and communication. A number of recommendations are made for developing countries, which seek to encourage institutional reforms and dialogue among diverse providers of extension services, all aimed at advancing livelihoods and income generation of poor rural people.