Informal
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Principles And Practice Of Informal Education
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Author : Linda Deer Richardson
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2001
Principles And Practice Of Informal Education written by Linda Deer Richardson and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with Education categories.
This new key text explores the principles and practice of informal education and focuses, in particular, on the notion of 'working with' which is central to practice in this sector.
Informal
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Author : Cecil Balmond
language : en
Publisher: Prestel Pub
Release Date : 2007
Informal written by Cecil Balmond and has been published by Prestel Pub this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Architecture categories.
Balmond is making the transition from structural engineer working alongside other architects to an architect in his own right. His structural thinking differs from that of others in his field, in its completely innovative conception of the engineer's contribution to architecture. The plasticity of architectural plans is enhanced through a decisive promotion of their structural designs. The borderline between structure and architecture thus becomes increasingly blurred. This process is explained in detail in "Informal" by reference to eight seminal projects. Balmond elucidates the theoretical basis of his engineering and architectural solutions, and his sketches transcend purely technical illustration - they are key to his approach. "Informal" invites readers to rethink their understanding of the relationships between architecture, design and engineering.
The Informal City
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Author : Michel S. Laguerre
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-07-27
The Informal City written by Michel S. Laguerre and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-27 with Social Science categories.
In this book, Michel S.Laguerre argues that there exists an informal city located just beneath and in the interstices of the formal city. The metaphor is not geographical, but rather structural and hermeneutical. This is the city where manoeuvres that cannot be done publicly, legally, ethically or otherwise are performed. The author shows with illustrative data drawn from the American urban experience - the San Francisco-Oakland Metropolitan area - why and how the informal city must be seen as the hidden dimension of the formal city.
The Informal Economy
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Author : Ceyhun Elgin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-30
The Informal Economy written by Ceyhun Elgin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The Informal Economy: Measures, Causes, and Consequences provides a comprehensive account of the economics of informality through the lenses of various economic perspectives. Although informal economic activity is widespread all around the world, many issues around its nature and consequences remain largely under-explored or unresolved. Most importantly, the evidence presented in the existing literature on informality has failed to generate a consensus on the measurements, causes, and effects of the informal sector among researchers. Most, if not all, of the empirical results are inconclusive or dependent on the nature of the dataset used in the analysis. This book aims to address that gap by exploring different definitions and measures of the informal economy, including different perspectives, then subjecting these measures to a battery of empirical tests to examine the determinants and effects of informality. Through this analysis and an extensive review of the literature, the book explores many of the economic, political, and social factors of the informal economy including the relationship between informality and the tax burden, tax enforcement, and institutional quality. This key text makes for compulsive reading to scholars and students interested in the informal or shadow economy.
The Informal Economy In Developing Countries
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Author : Jean-Pierre Cling
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-08-21
The Informal Economy In Developing Countries written by Jean-Pierre Cling and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Informality is ubiquitous in most developing countries. Understanding the informal economy is therefore of utmost importance from a political, economic and social point of view. Paradoxically, despite its economic importance, knowledge is extremely limited regarding the informal economy. It remains largely unrecognized by researchers, is neglected by politicians, and is even negatively perceived as it is meant to disappear with development. This book aims to amend this situation by presenting recent high level research which studies the informal sector and informal employment. Fresh research into this subject is presented through empirical analysis which covers Asia, Africa and Latin America. Each chapter relies on data and a detailed knowledge of the context of the countries studied in order to question the dominant schools of thought on the origins and causes of informality. The results provide interesting insights into the constraints faced by informal workers, the dynamics of the informal economy and its link with poverty issues. On the basis of the evidences provided by results adequate policies could be defined to address informality issues. The principal characteristics of the informal sector testify to some profound similarities between developing countries: low qualifications and the precariousness of jobs, mediocre incomes and working conditions, atomization of production units and lack of articulation with the formal economy, etc. This general statement does not contradict the observation that there is a high level of heterogeneity in the sector and in informal employment within each country, confirmed by several chapters in this work. In the absence of a sufficient number of job creations, the informal sector essentially constitutes a refuge for workers seeking and is here to stay in the short and medium term, even in emerging countries.
Informal English
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Author : Jeffrey Kacirk
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2005-04-12
Informal English written by Jeffrey Kacirk and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-04-12 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Gleaned from dictionaries, dialect glossaries, etymological treatises, folklore, nautical lexicons, historical writings, notes, novels, and miscellaneous lexicography, "Informal English" offers a captivating, readable treasure trove of about 2,500 words.
Rethinking The Informal City
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Author : Felipe Hernández
language : en
Publisher: Berghahn Books
Release Date : 2012
Rethinking The Informal City written by Felipe Hernández and has been published by Berghahn Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Architecture categories.
Latin American cities have always been characterized by a strong tension between what is vaguely described as their formal and informal dimensions. However, the terms formal and informal refer not only to the physical aspect of cities but also to their entire socio-political fabric. Informal cities and settlements exceed the structures of order, control and homogeneity that one expects to find in a formal city; therefore the contributors to this volume - from such disciplines as architecture, urban planning, anthropology, urban design, cultural and urban studies and sociology - focus on alternative methods of analysis in order to study the phenomenon of urban informality. This book provides a thorough review of the work that is currently being carried out by scholars, practitioners and governmental institutions, in and outside Latin America, on the question of informal cities.
The Informal Media Economy
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Author : Ramon Lobato
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-04-22
The Informal Media Economy written by Ramon Lobato and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-22 with Social Science categories.
How are “grey market” imports changing media industries? What is the role of piracy in developing new markets for movies and TV shows? How do jailbroken iPhones drive innovation? The Informal Media Economy provides a vivid, original, and genuinely transnational account of contemporary media, by showing how the interactions between formal and informal media systems are a feature of all nations – rich and poor, large and small. Shifting the focus away from the formal businesses and public enterprises that have long occupied media researchers, this book charts a parallel world of cultural intermediaries driving global media production and circulation. It shows how unlicensed, untaxed, or unregulated networks, which operate across the boundaries of established media markets, have been a driving force of media industry transformation. The book opens up new insights on a range of topical issues in media studies, from the creative disruptions of digitisation to amateur production, piracy and cybercrime.
Urban Informalities
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Author : Michael Waibel
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-02-11
Urban Informalities written by Michael Waibel and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-11 with Political Science categories.
Bringing together an interdisciplinary and international group of researchers working on a wide variety of cities throughout Asia, Latin America and Europe, this book addresses, rethinks and, in some cases, abandons the notions of formal and informal urbanism. This collection critically interrogates both the ways in which 'informal' and 'formal' are put to work in the governing and politicisation of cities, and their conceptual strengths and weaknesses. It does so by focusing on a wide variety of topics, from specific forms of housing and labour often traditionally linked to the formal/informal divide, to urban political negotiations, cultural practices, and ways of being in the city. The book takes stock of and reflects on how contemporary urban informality/formality relations are being produced and are/might be understood, and puts forward an enlarged and comprehensive understanding of urban informality.
Why Informal Workers Organize
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Author : Calla Hummel
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-02
Why Informal Workers Organize written by Calla Hummel and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-02 with Political Science categories.
Informal workers make up over two billion workers or about 50% of the global workforce. Surprisingly, scholars know little about informal workers' political or civil society participation. An informal worker is anyone who holds a job and who does not pay taxes on taxable earnings, does not hold a license for their work when one is required, or is not part of a mandatory social security system. For decades, researchers argued that informal workers rarely organized or participated in civil society and politics. However, millions of informal workers around the world start and join unions. Why do informal workers organize? In countries like Bolivia, informal workers such as street vendors, fortune tellers, witches, clowns, gravestone cleaners, sex workers, domestic workers, and shoe shiners come together in powerful unions. In South Africa, South Korea, and India, national informal worker organizations represent millions of citizens. The data in this book finds that informal workers organize in nearly every country for which data exists, but to varying degrees. This raises a related question: Why do informal workers organize in some places more than others? The reality of informal work described in this book and supported by surveys in 60 countries, over 150 interviews with informal workers in Bolivia and Brazil, ethnographic data from multiple cities, and administrative data upends the conventional wisdom on the informal sector. The contrast between scholarly expectations and emerging data underpin the central argument of the book: Informal workers organize where state officials encourage them to.