Informal Economy Centrestage
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Informal Economy Centrestage
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Author : Renana Jhabvala
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2003-10-09
Informal Economy Centrestage written by Renana Jhabvala and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-09 with Business & Economics categories.
`The aim of this edited volume is to improve the measurement of the informal economy in the Indian contect and to make the concerns of its workers central to mainstream economic analysis.... Overall the book makes in important contribution in its effort to bring the informal economy into mainstream economic theory and policy.... [It] provides detailed empirical work on the informal economy in India and takes the first step in achieving the goal of bridging theory and empiricism through a focus on measurement' - Development and Change This volume, the result of a creative collaboration between research and action, is aimed at highlighting the contribution of informal workers to the Indian economy. It provides a unique perspective on informal employment in India, from both a macro and a micro perspective. The contributors put forth the argument that while the informal economy already has a place in official statistics, the existing methods of data collection are inadequate to capture the actual size of this sector or to measure its significant contribution to macroeconomic aggregates. They also maintain that there is a need to constantly revisit assumptions and test findings against field level evidence. Overall, this volume provides greater clarity to the nebulous concept of informal economy and establishes that it creates employment, provides goods and services, creates savings and investments, and yet the workers and producers of this economy usually live in poverty.
A Modern Guide To The Informal Economy
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Author : Colin C. Williams
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2023-03-02
A Modern Guide To The Informal Economy written by Colin C. Williams and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-02 with Business & Economics categories.
This Modern Guide presents a comprehensive synthesis of contemporary thought on the informal economy, which, as the author demonstrates – far from being a peripheral feature of the global economy – is a system in which the majority of the global workforce are employed and which has pervasive detrimental effects. Formalising it is therefore a priority for most governments.
The Informal Economy
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Author : Ioana Horodnic
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-22
The Informal Economy written by Ioana Horodnic and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Business & Economics categories.
During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence was seen to be a sign of "backwardness" whilst the formal economy represented "progress". In recent decades, however, numerous studies have revealed not only that informal employment is extensive and persistent but also that it is growing relative to formal employment in many populations. Whilst in the developing world, the informal economy is often found to be the mainstream economy, nevertheless, in the developed world too, informality is currently still estimated to account for notable per cent of GDP. The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices intends to engage with these issues, providing a much-need ‘contextualised’ approach to explain the persistence and growth of forms of informal economic practices and entrepreneurial activities in the twenty-first century. Using a diverse range of empirical case studies from Europe, Africa, North Africa and Asia, this book unpacks the different varieties of forms of informal work and entrepreneurship and provides a critical analysis of existing theorisations used to explain such phenomena. This book’s aim is to examine the nature and persistence of informal work and entrepreneurship, across a variety of empirical settings, from within the developed world, the developing world and within transformation economies within post-socialist spaces. Given its worldwide, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach and recent interest in the informal economies by a number of disciplines and organisations, this book will be of vital reading to those operating in the fields of: Economics, political economy and management, Human and economic geography and Economic anthropology and sociology as well as development studies
The Informal Economy
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Author : Ceyhun Elgin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-07-30
The Informal Economy written by Ceyhun Elgin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The Informal Economy: Measures, Causes, and Consequences provides a comprehensive account of the economics of informality through the lenses of various economic perspectives. Although informal economic activity is widespread all around the world, many issues around its nature and consequences remain largely under-explored or unresolved. Most importantly, the evidence presented in the existing literature on informality has failed to generate a consensus on the measurements, causes, and effects of the informal sector among researchers. Most, if not all, of the empirical results are inconclusive or dependent on the nature of the dataset used in the analysis. This book aims to address that gap by exploring different definitions and measures of the informal economy, including different perspectives, then subjecting these measures to a battery of empirical tests to examine the determinants and effects of informality. Through this analysis and an extensive review of the literature, the book explores many of the economic, political, and social factors of the informal economy including the relationship between informality and the tax burden, tax enforcement, and institutional quality. This key text makes for compulsive reading to scholars and students interested in the informal or shadow economy.
Entrepreneurship In The Informal Economy
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Author : Mai Thi Thanh Thai
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2013-03-05
Entrepreneurship In The Informal Economy written by Mai Thi Thanh Thai and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-03-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Although entrepreneurship in the informal economy occurs outside state regulatory systems, informal commercial activities account for an estimated 30% of economic activity around the world. Informal entrepreneurship goes unmonitored despite the fact that it significantly contributes to poverty reduction and economic development. As a result, the informal sector is open to unethical practices including corruption, worker exploitation, and natural environment abuse to name just a few. In the media, debates have formed around whether informal entrepreneurship should be assisted or legitimized. Hence, a deep understanding of the phenomenon is vitally important. This book is the first on the market to offer models and approaches to informal entrepreneurship as well as to its prospects for economic development. Offering an in-depth examination of informal entrepreneurship in many different countries, it reveals the motivations for engaging in entrepreneurship in the informal economy, characteristics of informal entrepreneurship, and informal entrepreneurs’ response to ethical issues. This volume illustrates the relationship between formal and informal economies and the conditions for the benefits of informal entrepreneurship to outweigh its disadvantages. And finally, it gives recommendations about when and how the informal economy can be formalized, which sectors should be formalized, and which ones can remain informal. This book offers much-needed guidance for stakeholders involved in economic development programs and scholars and entrepreneurs interested in the field of informal entrepreneurship as it is developing around the globe.
Conceptualizing The Ubiquity Of Informal Economy Work
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Author : Errol D’Souza
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-26
Conceptualizing The Ubiquity Of Informal Economy Work written by Errol D’Souza and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-26 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a framework to understand the disregarded aspect of emerging market growth which is informal employment. Informal employment in unregistered enterprises or of workers without employment contracts or social protection contributions constitutes 88 per cent of employment in India and is a ubiquitous feature of the economy. A large proportion of informal employment (86 per cent) is self-employment and this category of employment has been neglected in the literature on work and development which has focused instead on wage employment that is a contract for work with another person or enterprise. Another striking feature of such economies which the book engages with is that, as they have liberalized, informal employment in the registered enterprises or formal part of the economy has grown. The informal sector has been analyzed by recourse to two major approaches. One is a public economics framework that underlines how informal enterprises evolve as they trade-off reduced access to public services such as contract enforcement with the payment of taxes and regulatory compliances. This book extends this literature by focusing on the access to formal sector credit and its potential for financing productive enterprises as a factor that is considered when an enterprise contemplates whether to incorporate or not. The second leg of the literature takes a labour perspective and emphasizes mandated labour costs such as hiring and firing costs, benefits, and minimum wages as considerations when deciding on whether to engage labour on a formal or informal basis. The book broadens this literature by taking into account how the human capital of workers and the monitoring costs of ensuring that workers are adhering to the terms of negotiated contracts inform the decision with regard to informality. The book will resonate with those academics and policy makers who are engaged with the conundrums of development.
Enhancing Capabilities Through Labour Law
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Author : Supriya Routh
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2014-03-26
Enhancing Capabilities Through Labour Law written by Supriya Routh and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-26 with Business & Economics categories.
In 2002 the International Labour Organization issued a report titled ‘Decent work and the informal economy’ in which it stressed the need to ensure appropriate employment and income, rights at work, and effective social protection in informal economic activities. Such a call by the ILO is urgent in the context of countries such as India, where the majority of workers are engaged in informal economic activities, and where expansion of informal economic activities is coupled with deteriorating working conditions and living standards. This book explores the informal economic activity of India as a case study to examine typical requirements in the work-lives of informal workers, and to develop a means to institutionalise the promotion of these requirements through labour law. Drawing upon Amartya Sen’s theoretical outlook, the book considers whether a capability approach to human development may be able to promote recognition and work-life conditions of a specific category of informal workers in India by integrating specific informal workers within a social dialogue framework along with a range of other social partners including state and non-state institutions. While examining the viability of a human development based labour law in an Indian context, the book also indicates how the proposals put forth in the book may be relevant for informal workers in other developing countries. This research monograph will be of great interest to scholars of labour law, informal work and workers, law and development, social justice, and labour studies.
Entrepreneurship In The Informal Sector
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Author : Colin C. Williams
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-09-22
Entrepreneurship In The Informal Sector written by Colin C. Williams and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-22 with Business & Economics categories.
How many businesses start-ups conduct some or all of their trade ‘off-the-books’? And how many enterprises continue to do some of their work off-the-books once they are more established? What should be done about them? Should governments adopt ever more punitive measures to eradicate them? Or should we recognise this hidden enterprise culture and attempt to harness it? If so, how can this be done? What measures can be taken to ensure that businesses start-up in a proper manner? And what can be done to help those enterprises and entrepreneurs currently working off-the-books to legitimise their businesses? The aim of this book is to advance a new way of answering these questions. Drawing inspiration from institutional theory, informal sector entrepreneurship is explained as resulting from the asymmetry between the codified laws and regulations of a society’s formal institutions and the norms, values and beliefs that comprise a society’s informal institutions. The argument is that if the norms, values and beliefs of entrepreneurs (i.e., their individual morality) were wholly aligned with the codified laws and regulations (i.e., state morality), there would be no informal sector entrepreneurship. However, because the individual morality of entrepreneurs differs from state morality, such as due to their lack of trust in government and the rule of law, the result is the prevalence of informal sector entrepreneurship. The greater the degree of institutional asymmetry, the higher is the propensity to engage in informal sector entrepreneurship. This book provides evidence to show that this is the case both at the individual- and country-level and then discusses how this can be overcome. .
Worker Identity Agency And Economic Development
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Author : Elizabeth Hill
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-07-02
Worker Identity Agency And Economic Development written by Elizabeth Hill and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-02 with Business & Economics categories.
More than nine out of every ten working women in India are employed in the informal economy, unprotected by labour laws and excluded from basic forms of social security. They work as daily labourers in the fields, small producers and industrial outworkers in their own homes and as vendors on the streets. These workers typically receive very low wages and experience extreme forms of social, economic and political marginalisation. This book examines what types of interventions can improve the well-being of women working in the Indian informal economy. Using the case study of the Self Employed Women’s Association, Worker Identity, Agency and Economic Development argues that work-life reform for informal women workers has moral and social dimensions, as well as economic. Drawing on the work of social philosopher Axel Honneth, the book argues that worker agency is critical to the process of work-life reform in the informal economy. Using empirical data collected amongst SEWA members the study shows that there is a positive and developmental relationship between a worker’s identity, or psychological integrity, and her actual capacity to engage in the political economy for constructive change. The study shows that membership based organisations can promote the social foundations of recognition and respect that are critical to identity and agency, as well as provide worker’s with real opportunities to develop alternative non-exploitative economic institutions that deliver improved wages and social security. But in organizing informal workers for collective action the existing distribution of power and wealth, as well as gender privilege are challenged. The result is social conflict and sometimes violence. Conflict of this nature is endemic to the development process, but is often overlooked in development literature and policy design. The book will be of interest to development scholars and practitioners, as well as those interested in the dynamics of women’s empowerment and socio-economic change for informal economy workers.
Revisiting The Informal Sector
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Author : Sarbajit Chaudhuri
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-10-15
Revisiting The Informal Sector written by Sarbajit Chaudhuri and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-10-15 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides insight into the diverse aspects of the informal sector, its role in the context of unemployment, child labor, globalization and environment, as well as its multi-faceted interaction with the other sectors of the economy.