Informality And Inclusive Growth In The Middle East And North Africa
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Informality And Inclusive Growth In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Gladys Lopez-Acevedo
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2023-06-30
Informality And Inclusive Growth In The Middle East And North Africa written by Gladys Lopez-Acevedo and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-06-30 with Business & Economics categories.
The long-standing informality debate in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region has taken on a new urgency as it looks for a pathway to more socially inclusive growth that is less reliant on fossil fuels. This is occurring against a backdrop of subpar labor market outcomes, further growth setbacks, and deteriorating fiscal and current account deficits in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic--and in the wake of high inflation and supply chain disruptions triggered by the Russian Federation-Ukraine war.'Informality and Inclusive Growth in the Middle East and North Africa' aims to better understand the characteristics and incentive structure that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in three MENA countries--the Arab Republic of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia. The report breaks new ground by adopting a comprehensive perspective to focus on the features of, and interrelationships among, different aspects of these countries' institutional landscapes to make sense of the complex incentive structure that workers and firms face when deciding between formal and informal options. Specifically, the report groups these issues in three broad realms: (1) entrepreneur-worker relations, (2) taxes and transfers, and (3) market conditions.'This report is an extremely welcome addition to the literature on MENA labor markets. By analyzing the incentive structure and institutional factors that have led to the prevalence of informal employment in Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia, it points the way to policy actions that can be taken to reduce informality and increase social protection for workers. It is a must-read for anyone who cares about greater economic inclusion in MENA.' --Ragui Assaad, Professor, Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota 'A compelling account of the implications of informality in the workforce and how economies of MENA can design appropriate policy responses. This timely report comes amid multiple social reforms in MENA and is a must-read for policy practitioners and economists in the region.' --Karim El Aynaoui, Executive President, Policy Center for the New South 'This report is particularly timely given the negative impact the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent crises have had on living standards and poverty rates around the world and especially in MENA countries. While the focus on boosting growth and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals has revolved around financing, the report sheds new light on the benefits that tackling informality through institutional, regulatory, and policy changes could present to achieving these goals.' --Mahmoud Mohieldin, Executive Director, International Monetary Fund
Informality And Structural Transformation In Egypt Iraq And Jordan A Framework For Assessing Policy Responses In The Mena Region
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2024-06-11
Informality And Structural Transformation In Egypt Iraq And Jordan A Framework For Assessing Policy Responses In The Mena Region written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-06-11 with categories.
The report Informality and Structural Transformation in the Middle east and North Africa outlines a framework for assessing the impact of economic and social policies on informality. The framework was developed jointly by the ILO, OECD and UNDP, and is thought as a hands-on instrument, allowing policy makers to foresee early on in the policymaking cycles the effects diverse economic and social policies could have on the informal economy.
Oecd Economic Surveys Morocco 2024 Economic Assessment
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2024-11-22
Oecd Economic Surveys Morocco 2024 Economic Assessment written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-11-22 with categories.
Growth has rebounded from the pandemic and the energy crisis, despite the 2023 earthquake and droughts. Morocco has benefitted from a stable macroeconomic regime and the deficit is narrowing following the pandemic and energy crisis with the government debt ratio is around 70% of GDP. Morocco has embarked on major reforms to encourage investment and to extend health insurance and social protection, but a stronger convergence path will be needed to achieve the vision in the New Development Model. Morocco’s labour productivity gap with the frontier remains large, although it has narrowed. FDI flows have been strong, but domestic private investment is low, and Moroccan firms face obstacles in performing better. Morocco’s young population is an asset, but the labour market suffers from high youth unemployment and low female employment. Emigration is significant. Widespread informality leads to low wages, poor-quality jobs and weak skills. Morocco has made an ambitious commitment to reduce carbon emissions by 45% by 2030 compared to 2010 and to net zero by 2050, benefiting from the country’s potential for renewables-based generation. The country is vulnerable to climate change and already faces significant water stress. SPECIAL FEATURES: BOOSTING INVESTMENT, FIRM PERFORMANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY; CREATING MORE AND BETTER JOBS
Balancing Act
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Author : Roberta Gatti
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2023-10-06
Balancing Act written by Roberta Gatti and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Covid-19. The Russian invasion of Ukraine. Commodity price volatility. The rise of global inflation and interest rates. Currency depreciations among indebted middle-income economies. And now, natural disasters. As a sequence of events, the consequences can be both tragic and long-lasting. After analyzing the macroeconomic prospects of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region, this edition of the regional Economic Update assesses the human toll of macroeconomic shocks in terms of lost jobs and deteriorating livelihoods of the people of MENA. Growth is forecast to decelerate in 2023 after experiencing an oil-price induced growth spurt in 2022 among the high-income oil exporters of the region. Yet as the region continues to recover from the impact of the COVID-19 shock and navigates the heightened volatility in its terms of trade, the region's labor force is contending with the ramifications for their livelihoods of the inflationary pressures associated with currency fluctuations in some countries. The authors estimate that the macroeconomic shocks of 2020-22 led to an additional 5.1 million individuals becoming unemployed in MENA. Will these shocks permanently scar the hard-working people of MENA? The report answers this question by highlighting the trade-offs facing labor markets when facing macroeconomic shocks. A critical trade-off pertains to the loss of jobs versus decreases in real incomes, neither of which is desirable. The report advocates for maintaining the flexibility of real wages and discusses policy options to support the most vulnerable.
The Great Reversal
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Author : Tommy Chrimes
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2024-10-28
The Great Reversal written by Tommy Chrimes and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-10-28 with Business & Economics categories.
The 75 economies eligible for low-interest loans and grants from the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA) made notable progress against some important development objectives over the first two decades of this century. Despite this, on the eve of the COVID-19 pandemic, significant development gaps persisted, convergence of IDA country incomes with those of advanced economies was slowing, and some vulnerabilities were rising.The shock of the pandemic and subsequent overlapping crises has exacerbated the challenges facing these economies and led to a reversal in development: over 2020-24, per capita incomes in half of IDA countries—the largest share since the start of this century—have been growing more slowly than those of wealthy economies. One out of three IDA countries is poorer than it was on the eve of the pandemic. Poverty remains stubbornly high, hunger has surged, and amid fiscal constraints and rising investment needs, the development outlook could take an even bleaker turn—especially if weak growth prospects persist.IDA countries have several important demographic and resource advantages that could—if leveraged effectively—help close development gaps. Reaping the benefits of their advantages and meeting their investment needs will require them to undertake comprehensive policy measures to bolster fiscal and monetary frameworks, enhance human capital development, and improve the quality of institutions. These policies should be complemented with significant and consistent international financial support as well as strong cooperation on global policy issues.
Promoting Inclusive Growth In The Middle East And North Africa
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Author : Mr. Roberto Cardarelli
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2022-10-11
Promoting Inclusive Growth In The Middle East And North Africa written by Mr. Roberto Cardarelli and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-11 with Business & Economics categories.
Countries in the Middle East and North Africa need to boost job creation and ensure that the benefits of economic development are widely shared. This book reassesses the inclusive growth agenda in the region in light of the rapidly changing pandemic-influenced world.
Inclusive Growth And Development Issues In Eastern And Southern Africa
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Author : Musahara, Herman
language : en
Publisher: OSSREA
Release Date : 2016-06-13
Inclusive Growth And Development Issues In Eastern And Southern Africa written by Musahara, Herman and has been published by OSSREA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-13 with Business & Economics categories.
This anthology presents issues, challenges and progress in Rwanda, Mauritius, Ethiopia, South Africa, and Uganda towards Africa's acknowledgement through Agenda 2063 of the need for inclusive and sustainable development, and its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals (Agenda 2030) of the United Nations. Dictated by overall ever unfolding realities, including economic, social, political, technological issues, the growth and development dictums have been reshaped and reframed continually, in an effort to accommodate and respond to emerging issues. Human development and inclusive growth and development, within the overall theme of sustainable development, are, for example, among the recent focuses of the global and national development agenda. The background is that as individuals, communities, and societies get richer, the worrying levels of inequalities, exclusion and disparities are becoming an area of concern, drawing the attention of governments, planners, civil societies, researchers and academia. A predominant current issue has been an appreciation of high economic growth in the last 10 years, which is nonetheless marred by pervasive levels of poverty and inequality. The issues covered include: trade; rural-urban linkages; the dynamics of poverty, vulnerability, and welfare; social policies for inclusive and sustainable development; productivity and informality; and financial direct support systems to the poor. The chapters are based on first-hand data, secondary data from different databases and systematic reviews of academic literature. Drawing on the findings and conclusions of the individual chapters, the book distills together the key lessons and also puts forward recommendations for policy and practice. It is a resource for researchers, policy and decision makers, academia and graduate students.
Ten Thousand Steps In Her Shoes
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Author : Muneeza Mehmood Alam
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2024-07-18
Ten Thousand Steps In Her Shoes written by Muneeza Mehmood Alam and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-07-18 with Business & Economics categories.
Women around the world face numerous mobility challenges. Public transport can provide many economic benefits that should be enjoyed equally by all users, regardless of gender or life circumstances. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, women have a higher university enrollment rate than men, yet their labor force participation rate remains low and stagnant. What is preventing them from translating their educational achievements into economic productivity? Is it a matter of personal preference or structural barriers, or is it both? Although public transport systems can play a significant role in women's participation in the labor force globally, this topic has been little explored in the MENA region. 'Ten Thousand Steps in Her Shoes: The Role of Public Transport in Women's Economic Empowerment' examines the role of public transport in women's access to economic opportunities in urban MENA. The book studies the links among mobility, gender, and access to economic opportunities and focuses on three metropolitan areas--Amman, Jordan; Beirut, Lebanon; and Cairo, the Arab Republic of Egypt. Chapters focus on the availability of public transport close to households and employment centers, accessibility to job opportunities, affordability, social and cultural norms, and safety from crime and harassment. Data collected in 2022 reveal that a significant percentage of non-working women in urban MENA lack affordable, comfortable, safe, time-efficient, and reliable transport options, thus preventing them from seeking work. Women can contribute significantly to the economy. Improving public transport and tailoring it to the needs of various communities can help women be economically active. In addition, providing flexible work arrangements that support balancing personal, family, and work lives; protecting women from gender-based discrimination; and offering high-quality childcare options near where people work or live are key. However, gender equity in transport use can be only partially accomplished through well-intentioned policy interventions. Public awareness and endorsement of the benefits of greater gender equality--within households, workplaces, and society at large--are also crucial to advancing women's participation in the economy. The analysis and recommendations presented in this report will help policy makers in Jordan, Lebanon, and Egypt design concrete actions, improve women's mobility through public transport, and create an enabling environment to increase female economic participation.
Global Economic Prospects January 2024
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Author : World Bank Group
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2024-02-13
Global Economic Prospects January 2024 written by World Bank Group and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-13 with Business & Economics categories.
Global Economic Prospects is a World Bank Group Flagship Report that examines global economic developments and prospects, with a special focus on emerging market and developing economies, on a semiannual basis (in January and June). Each edition includes analytical pieces on topical policy challenges faced by these economies.
Striving For Better Jobs
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Author : Roberta Gatti
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2014-09-12
Striving For Better Jobs written by Roberta Gatti and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-12 with Business & Economics categories.
The book deals with informality from a human development angle, focusing on informal employment. Informal workers in MENA are generally employed in low productivity jobs, paid less than for equal work in the formal sector, and report low levels of work satisfaction. The book identifies 5 policies to promote long-term inclusive growth and formality.