Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications

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Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications

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Author : Elisabetta Padovan
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-07-14

Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications written by Elisabetta Padovan and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-14 with Immunologic diseases. Allergy categories.

Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by an array of individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed and highly specific antigen receptors recognizing an almost infinite number of antigens that might enter in contact with the host. Following antigen-specific priming in lymphnodes, naïve CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes proliferate generating clones of effector cells that migrate to peripheral tissues and deliver unique antigen-specific effector functions. Moreover, a proportion of these effector lymphocytes survive as memory T cells that can be rapidly mobilized upon new exposure to the same antigen, even years after their primary induction. Innate immune cells play crucial roles in the induction and maintenance of this efficient protection system. Following the seminal discovery of Steinman and Cohen in 1974 describing a rare cell type capable of initiating antigen-specific responses in lymphnodes, Dendritic Cells (DC) have taken up the stage for several decades as professional Antigen Presenting Cells (APC). Although DC possess all attributes to prime naïve T lymphocytes, other immune cell subsets become crucial accessory cells during secondary and even primary activation. For instance, Monocytes (Mo) are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites and have recently been recognized as capable of shaping T cell immunity, either directly through Ag presentation, or indirectly through the secretion of soluble factors. In addition, upon sensing of T cell-derived cytokines, Mo differentiate into functionally different APC types that further impact on the quality and persistence of memory T cell responses in peripheral tissues. Other innate immune cells, including Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells, Granulocytes and iNKT lymphocytes, are known to modulate T cell activation by interacting with and modifying the function of professional APC. Notably, innate immune cell determinants also account for the tissue-specific regulation of T cell immunity. Hence, the newly discovered family of Innate Lymphoid Cells, has been recognized to shape CD4+ T cell responses at mucosal surfaces. Although the actions of innate immune cells fulfills the need of initiating and maintaining protective T cell responses, the excessive presence or activity of individual determinants may be detrimental to the host, because it could promote tissue destruction as in autoimmunity and allergy, or conversely, prevent the induction of immune responses against malignant tissues, and even modulate the response to therapeutic agents. Thus, understanding how defined innate immune cell subsets control T cell immunity is of fundamental relevance to understand human health, and of practical relevance for preventing and curing human diseases. In this research topic, we intend to provide an excellent platform for the collection of manuscripts addressing in depth how diverse innate immune cell subsets impact on T cell responses through molecularly defined pathways and evaluating the rational translation of basic research into clinical applications.

Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

Long-lasting T cell immunity is delivered by an array of individual T lymphocytes expressing clonally distributed and highly specific antigen receptors recognizing an almost infinite number of antigens that might enter in contact with the host. Following antigen-specific priming in lymphnodes, naïve CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes proliferate generating clones of effector cells that migrate to peripheral tissues and deliver unique antigen-specific effector functions. Moreover, a proportion of these effector lymphocytes survive as memory T cells that can be rapidly mobilized upon new exposure to the same antigen, even years after their primary induction. Innate immune cells play crucial roles in the induction and maintenance of this efficient protection system. Following the seminal discovery of Steinman and Cohen in 1974 describing a rare cell type capable of initiating antigen-specific responses in lymphnodes, Dendritic Cells (DC) have taken up the stage for several decades as professional Antigen Presenting Cells (APC). Although DC possess all attributes to prime naïve T lymphocytes, other immune cell subsets become crucial accessory cells during secondary and even primary activation. For instance, Monocytes (Mo) are rapidly recruited to inflammatory sites and have recently been recognized as capable of shaping T cell immunity, either directly through Ag presentation, or indirectly through the secretion of soluble factors. In addition, upon sensing of T cell-derived cytokines, Mo differentiate into functionally different APC types that further impact on the quality and persistence of memory T cell responses in peripheral tissues. Other innate immune cells, including Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells, Granulocytes and iNKT lymphocytes, are known to modulate T cell activation by interacting with and modifying the function of professional APC. Notably, innate immune cell determinants also account for the tissue-specific regulation of T cell immunity. Hence, the newly discovered family of Innate Lymphoid Cells, has been recognized to shape CD4+ T cell responses at mucosal surfaces. Although the actions of innate immune cells fulfills the need of initiating and maintaining protective T cell responses, the excessive presence or activity of individual determinants may be detrimental to the host, because it could promote tissue destruction as in autoimmunity and allergy, or conversely, prevent the induction of immune responses against malignant tissues, and even modulate the response to therapeutic agents. Thus, understanding how defined innate immune cell subsets control T cell immunity is of fundamental relevance to understand human health, and of practical relevance for preventing and curing human diseases. In this research topic, we intend to provide an excellent platform for the collection of manuscripts addressing in depth how diverse innate immune cell subsets impact on T cell responses through molecularly defined pathways and evaluating the rational translation of basic research into clinical applications.

Molecular Biology Of The Cell

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004

Molecular Biology Of The Cell written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Cells categories.

Editorial Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications

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Author : Elisabetta Padovan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Editorial Innate Immune Cell Determinants Of T Cell Immunity From Basic Mechanisms To Clinical Implications written by Elisabetta Padovan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

Military Strategies For Sustainment Of Nutrition And Immune Function In The Field

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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1999-05-13

Military Strategies For Sustainment Of Nutrition And Immune Function In The Field written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-05-13 with Medical categories.

Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.

The Science And Applications Of Synthetic And Systems Biology

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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2011-12-30

The Science And Applications Of Synthetic And Systems Biology written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-30 with Science categories.

Many potential applications of synthetic and systems biology are relevant to the challenges associated with the detection, surveillance, and responses to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. On March 14 and 15, 2011, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop in Washington, DC, to explore the current state of the science of synthetic biology, including its dependency on systems biology; discussed the different approaches that scientists are taking to engineer, or reengineer, biological systems; and discussed how the tools and approaches of synthetic and systems biology were being applied to mitigate the risks associated with emerging infectious diseases. The Science and Applications of Synthetic and Systems Biology is organized into sections as a topic-by-topic distillation of the presentations and discussions that took place at the workshop. Its purpose is to present information from relevant experience, to delineate a range of pivotal issues and their respective challenges, and to offer differing perspectives on the topic as discussed and described by the workshop participants. This report also includes a collection of individually authored papers and commentary.

Cooperation Of Liver Cells In Health And Disease

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Author : Z. Kmiec
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29

Cooperation Of Liver Cells In Health And Disease written by Z. Kmiec and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.

It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better understood. The development of methods for isolation and co-culturing various types of liver cells has established that they communicate and cooperate via secretion of various intercellular mediators. This monograph summarizes multiple data that suggest the important role of cellular cross-talk for the functions of both normal and diseased liver. Special features of the book include concise presentation of the majority of detailed data in 19 tables. Original schemes allow for the clear illustration of complicated intercellular relationships. This is the first ever presentation of the newly emerging field of liver biology, which is important for hepatic function in health and disease and opens new avenues for therapeutic interventions.

Immunonutrient Supplementation

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Author : Emilio Jirillo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-01-09

Immunonutrient Supplementation written by Emilio Jirillo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-09 with categories.

Induction Of Immune Tolerance Addressing Unmet Medical Need In Immune Mediated Diseases And Immune Responses To Biologics

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Author : Amy Rosenberg
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-09-25

Induction Of Immune Tolerance Addressing Unmet Medical Need In Immune Mediated Diseases And Immune Responses To Biologics written by Amy Rosenberg and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-25 with Medical categories.

Environmental Factors In The Pathogenesis Of Cardiovascular Diseases

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Author : Dragan M. Djuric
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-08-01

Environmental Factors In The Pathogenesis Of Cardiovascular Diseases written by Dragan M. Djuric and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-01 with Science categories.

Environmental conditions and processes are one of the major pillars on which the human well-being rests. It is the core responsibility of the society to preserve and enhance better conditions for the human well-being. Indeed, there are several evolving unmet needs in public health. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and a surge in the incidence of non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CAD), chronic respiratory diseases, and metabolic diseases have been impediments to sustainable well-being. Many factors are critical in the global surge in the rate and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. These include the shift from acute to chronic conditions, the shift from single risk factor vs. multiple influences, aging population, global health disparities, exposure to lower harmful influences over a longer period, etc. However, the epigenetic factors due to unhealthy environment play a most significant role in the underlying pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Unfortunately, this has been ignored for a long time and realized lately to expand and disseminate knowledge to general population, expand research activities to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms, and develop better preventive and treatment strategies. The most significant environmental impoverishment in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases include different genetical, chemical, physical, and biological influences, but not limited to, socio-economic status and lack of nutrients, nutritional aspects including habits, diets and additives, inhaled and ingested pollutants, exhaust gas and gasoline products, tobacco smoke, water pollution, alcohol consumption, soil and mineral pollution, solvents, pesticides, microplastics, non-critical usage of drugs, climate change, extreme atmospheric conditions, extremes in noise and temperature, electromagnetic influences, microwaves and radiation, outdoor light pollution, mental stressors, lack of or over exercise, microbiota and microbiological agents like SARS CoV-2 virus, etc.