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Input Impedance Control Of Cardiac Output


Input Impedance Control Of Cardiac Output
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Input Impedance Control Of Cardiac Output


Input Impedance Control Of Cardiac Output
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Author : Francesco P. Peluso
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973

Input Impedance Control Of Cardiac Output written by Francesco P. Peluso and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.




Control Of Cardiac Output


Control Of Cardiac Output
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Author : David B. Young
language : en
Publisher: Morgan & Claypool Publishers
Release Date : 2010

Control Of Cardiac Output written by David B. Young and has been published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Medical categories.


Although cardiac output is measured as the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, the system that controls cardiac output includes many other components besides the heart itself. The heart's rate of output cannot exceed the rate of venous return to it, and therefore, the factors governing venous return are primarily responsible for control of output from the heart. Venous return is affected by its pressure gradient and resistance to flow throughout the vascular system. The pressure gradient for venous return is a function of several factors including the blood volume flowing through the system, the unstressed vascular volume of the circulatory system, its capacitance, mean systemic pressure, and right atrial pressure. Resistance to venous return is the sum of total vascular resistance from the aortic valve to the right atrium. The sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive circulating hormones affect short-term resistance, whereas local tissue blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms are the dominant determinants of long-term resistance to venous return. The strength of contraction of the heart responds to changes in atrial pressure driven by changes in venous return, with small changes in atrial pressure eliciting large changes in strength of contraction, as described by the Frank-Starling mechanism. In addition, the autonomic nervous system input to the heart alters myocardial pumping ability in response to cardiovascular challenges. The function of the cardiovascular system is strongly affected by the operation of the renal sodium excretion-body fluid volume-arterial pressure negative feedback system that maintains arterial blood pressure at a controlled value over long periods. The intent of this volume is to integrate the basic knowledge of these cardiovascular system components into an understanding of cardiac output regulation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Venous Return / Cardiac Function / Integrated Analysis of Cardiac Output Control / Analysis of Cardiac Output Regulation by Computer Simulation / Analysis of Cardiac Output Control in Response to Challenges / Conclusion / References / Author Biography



Impedance Measurements Of Cardiac Output During Moderate Heat Exposure


Impedance Measurements Of Cardiac Output During Moderate Heat Exposure
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Author : Bernell Coleman
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966

Impedance Measurements Of Cardiac Output During Moderate Heat Exposure written by Bernell Coleman and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with Cardiac output categories.


Cardiac outputs of nude resting subjects were estimated from measurements of the intrathoracic impedance pulses as recorded with the four electrode system. Ambient temperature was increased from 28C to 43C. Increases in cardiac output were small, (about 1.0 L/sq.m./min) variable, and due to small increases in heart rate and stroke volume. The greater cardiac output during heat was probably due to the cutaneous vasodilatation as demonstrated in the cutaneous opacity pulses, but this relation was not demonstrated decisively. The ratio of increase in cardiac output to sweating was about the same as that shown previously for cutaneous blood flow and sweating. A decrease occured in intrathoracic impedance indicating a greater volume of electrolyte fluid in this area. Validation of the thoracic impedance pulses as a measure of right ventricular stroke volume was accomplished in human and canine subjects. (Author).



Circulatory System Dynamics


Circulatory System Dynamics
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Author : Abraham Noordergraaf
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02

Circulatory System Dynamics written by Abraham Noordergraaf and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Nature categories.


Circulatory System Dynamics reviews cardiovascular dynamics from the analytical viewpoint and indicates ways in which the accumulated knowledge can be expanded and applied to further enhance understanding of the normal mammalian circulation, to ascertain the nature of difficulties associated with disease, and to test the effect of treatment. Comprised of 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the circulatory system, including its anatomy and the trigger for myocardial (heart muscle) contraction. The discussion then turns to measurement of blood pressure using invasive and non-invasive techniques; blood flow measurement, with emphasis on cardiac output and measurement in the microcirculation; the system and pulmonary arterial trees; and pulsatile pressure and flow in pulmonary veins. Subsequent chapters explore microcirculation and the anatomy of the microvasculature; the heart and coronary circulation, paying particular attention to the Frank-Starling mechanism and indices of myocardial "contractility"; and control of blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and cerebral flow. The last two chapters deal with circulatory assistance and the closed cardiovascular system. This book will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers in fields ranging from physiology and biology to biochemistry and biophysics.



Control Of Cardiac Output


Control Of Cardiac Output
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Author : David Young
language : en
Publisher: Biota Publishing
Release Date : 2010-01-01

Control Of Cardiac Output written by David Young and has been published by Biota Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-01 with Medical categories.


Although cardiac output is measured as the flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta, the system that controls cardiac output includes many other components besides the heart itself. The heart’s rate of output cannot exceed the rate of venous return to it, and therefore, the factors governing venous return are primarily responsible for control of output from the heart. Venous return is affected by its pressure gradient and resistance to flow throughout the vascular system. The pressure gradient for venous return is a function of several factors including the blood volume flowing through the system, the unstressed vascular volume of the circulatory system, its capacitance, mean systemic pressure, and right atrial pressure. Resistance to venous return is the sum of total vascular resistance from the aortic valve to the right atrium. The sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive circulating hormones affect short-term resistance, whereas local tissue blood flow autoregulatory mechanisms are the dominant determinants of long-term resistance to venous return. The strength of contraction of the heart responds to changes in atrial pressure driven by changes in venous return, with small changes in atrial pressure eliciting large changes in strength of contraction, as described by the Frank–Starling mechanism. In addition, the autonomic nervous system input to the heart alters myocardial pumping ability in response to cardiovascular challenges. The function of the cardiovascular system is strongly affected by the operation of the renal sodium excretion–body fluid volume–arterial pressure negative feedback system that maintains arterial blood pressure at a controlled value over long periods. The intent of this volume is to integrate the basic knowledge of these cardiovascular system components into an understanding of cardiac output regulation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Venous Return / Cardiac Function / Integrated Analysis of Cardiac Output Control / Analysis of Cardiac Output Regulation by Computer Simulation / Analysis of Cardiac Output Control in Response to Challenges / Conclusion / References / Author Biography



Non Invasive Cardiovascular Monitoring By Electrical Impedance Technique


Non Invasive Cardiovascular Monitoring By Electrical Impedance Technique
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Author : Surya N. Mohapatra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981

Non Invasive Cardiovascular Monitoring By Electrical Impedance Technique written by Surya N. Mohapatra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Medical categories.




Impedance Cardiography


Impedance Cardiography
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Author : R. Lamberts
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984

Impedance Cardiography written by R. Lamberts and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Blood flow categories.




Cardiovascular System Dynamics


Cardiovascular System Dynamics
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Author : Jan Baan
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press (MA)
Release Date : 1978

Cardiovascular System Dynamics written by Jan Baan and has been published by MIT Press (MA) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1978 with Medical categories.


This book offers a novel approach to the study of the mammalian cardiovascular system. Instead of focusing on a particular part of the system or on a particular group of techniques, or approaching the system from a particular point of view, it stresses a balanced presentation of ideas: —all the major component parts of the system are discussed, as well as the behavior of the system as an integrated whole —both basic and clinical viewpoints are represented —both detailed analysis and comprehensive synthesis are offered. In addition, trends in modern instrumentation and the use of computers in improving patient care are important and recurrent themes. Spirited discussions of current controversies and philosophies highlight the presentations. The 62 papers in this volume were invited for a major international conference, held in April 1975, which marked the coming of age of this field and led to the founding of the Cardiovascular System Dynamics Society. The conference brought together outstanding researchers in the life sciences (biology, physiology, medicine) and the physical sciences (biophysics, bioengineering) in order to integrate their findings more intricately and to chart the present state and future directions of the field. Since the cardiovascular system has been one of the first areas to receive attention under the newly emerging symbiosis between engineering and medicine, the book also serves a useful secondary purpose as a model of what can be accomplished by such integrated effort. The papers are organized into 12 sections. The first 9 offer a tour of the cardiovascular system, with papers arranged within each section to lead the reader from theoretical to clinical viewpoints. Included are sections on cardiac muscle, coronary circulation, ventricular dynamics, systemic arterial tree, microcirculation, systemic veins, pulmonary vasculature, control mechanisms in specific vascular beds, and cardiovascular system control. The last 3 sections offer tutorial overviews of theoretical and experimental methods applied to the cardiovascular system and of cardiovascular instrumentation and computer analysis.



Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics


Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics
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Author : D.H. Bergel
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02

Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics written by D.H. Bergel and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.


Cardiovascular Fluid Dynamics, Volume 1 explores some problems and concepts of mammalian cardiovascular function, with emphasis on experimental studies and methods. It considers pressure measurement in experimental physiology, including the measurements of pulsatile flow, flow velocity, lengths, and dimensions; the use of control theory and systems analysis in cardiovascular dynamics; the application of computer models in cardiovascular research; the meaning and measurement of myocardial contractility; and the consequences of the steady-state analysis of arterial function. Organized into 10 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the mammalian cardiovascular system and the essential features of cardiovascular function. It then discusses the practical problems associated with the use of pressure transducers in physiological and cardiac laboratories, the challenges involved in pulsatile flow measurement using flowmeters and thermal devices, and the mechanical analysis of the circulatory system. It explains some computer modeling techniques used in investigating the hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system, including the heart and heart muscle; basic concepts of muscle mechanics and the mechanical properties of cardiac muscle; the fluid mechanics of heart valves; and the pressure and flow in large arteries. The book concludes with a chapter on vascular resistance and vascular input impedance. This book is intended for biologists, physical scientists, and others interested in cardiovascular physiology.



Cardiovascular System Dynamics


Cardiovascular System Dynamics
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Author : T. Kenner
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2013-11-09

Cardiovascular System Dynamics written by T. Kenner and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-09 with Nature categories.