Insects Plants And Microclimate
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Insects Plants And Microclimate
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Author : D. M. Unwin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
Insects Plants And Microclimate written by D. M. Unwin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Crops and climate categories.
Life On A Leaf Causes And Consequences Of Oviposition Site Choice In Manduca Sexta
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Life On A Leaf Causes And Consequences Of Oviposition Site Choice In Manduca Sexta written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Phytophagous insects and plants comprise one half of all macroscopic organisms on Earth, and understanding plant-insect interactions has been a long-standing focus in ecological and evolutionary biology. A key challenge has been determining the factors that affect how insects distribute among plants. While ditrophic and tritrophic interactions are well known and enormously important, the biophysical context in which these interactions occur is largely unexplored. This dissertation examines how a plant's physical environment affects insect performance on, and preference for, its leaves. An insect's primary physiological challenges are staying within an appropriate temperature range and retaining sufficient water. These problems are exacerbated during the egg stage. Eggs have comparatively enormous ratios of surface area to volume, and their temperature is determined largely by where they are laid. Because they are small, eggs are nearly always immersed within their plant's boundary layer, a thin layer of still air that resists heat and moisture transfer between the plant and its surroundings. Almost no work has documented the microclimate to which insects are exposed in a plant's boundary layer, which likely differs substantially both from the ambient macroclimate, and from leaf to leaf. Because a female controls the location in which her eggs must develop, her choice of oviposition site may profoundly influence the success of her offspring. In this dissertation I examine how site-specific environmental variables, including microclimate, predation, and leaf nutrition, drive female oviposition preference and offspring performance in the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). I measure how leaves of M. sexta's primary host plants in the southwestern USA modify the temperature and humidity experienced by eggs, and how these leaf microclimates affect the performance of eggs and larvae. I then test whether this species' oviposition-site choices correlate with offspring performance with regard to microclimate, predation risk, and leaf nutrition. This dissertation is unique in focusing on the relatively unstudied biophysical context in which plant-insect interactions occur. Additionally, it is the first work that compares, together in a single study, the effects of varying multiple factors related to oviposition-site choice across all life history stages in a single model system.
Plants And Insects
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Author : Stephen Aitken
language : en
Publisher: Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC
Release Date : 2013-08-01
Plants And Insects written by Stephen Aitken and has been published by Cavendish Square Publishing, LLC this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Juvenile Nonfiction categories.
Readers will learn that the ability of plants and insects to reproduce and expand their ranges is affected by changes in temperature and precipitation. The timing between insect pollinators and the flowering plants is also impacted by climate change. We need to conserve the delicate balance in our ecosystems as carbon dioxide levels rise even further.
The Microclimate Of Arctic Plants And Animals On Land And In Fresh Water
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Author : Philip S. Corbet
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1972
The Microclimate Of Arctic Plants And Animals On Land And In Fresh Water written by Philip S. Corbet and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1972 with Arctic regions categories.
Plants And Microclimate
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Author : Hamlyn G. Jones
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2014
Plants And Microclimate written by Hamlyn G. Jones and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Gardening categories.
An authoritative introduction to plant responses and adaptation to the aerial environment, ideal for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
Insect Plant Biology
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Author : Louis M. Schoonhoven
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-12-01
Insect Plant Biology written by Louis M. Schoonhoven and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-01 with Science categories.
Half of all insect species are dependent on living plant tissues, consuming about 10% of plant annual production in natural habitats and an even greater percentage in agricultural systems, despite sophisticated control measures. Plants possess defences that are effective against almost all herbivorous insect species. Host-plant specialization, observed in over 80% of these animals, appears to be an effective adaptation to breach these defence systems. The mechanisms underlying plant defence to invading herbivores on the one side, and insect adaptations to utilize plants for nutrition, defence and shelter on the other, are the main subjects of this book. In the case of plants exposed to insect herbivores, they include the activation of defence systems in order to minimize damage, as well as the emission of chemical signals that may attract natural enemies of the invading herbivores and may be exploited by neighbouring plants that mount defences as well. For insects, they include complex bevioural adaptations and their underlying sensory systems (with their implications for learning and nutritional plasticity), as well as the endocrinological aspects of life cycle synchronization with host-plant phenology. Insect-Plant Biology discusses the operation of these mechanisms at the molecular and organismal levels and explicitly puts these in the context of both ecological interactions and evolutionary processes. In doing so, it uncovers the highly intricate antagonistic as well as mutualistic interactions that have evolved between plants and insects. The book concludes with a chapter on the application of our knowledge of insect-plant interactions to agricultural production. This multidisciplinary approach will appeal to students in biology, agricultural entomology, ecology, and indeed anyone interested in the principles underlying the relationships between the two largest groups of organisms on earth: plants and insects.
Insect Plant Biology
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Author : L. M. Schoonhoven
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1998-01-01
Insect Plant Biology written by L. M. Schoonhoven and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-01-01 with Science categories.
We live in a green world; the organisms that Although they disclaim a complete review, dominate our view are plants. Yet virtually which would be well beyond the scope of any thing other than a series of volumes, they have everywhere that there is a plant there will sampled the full diversity of existing knowl be insects. Though largely unnoticed, they consume on average about 10% of plants' edge - a reflection of their own familiarity resources. The shift of energy from plants to with the subject. In successive chapters they insects rivals in scale mankind's own demands lead logically from the composition of plants, through the coming together of insects and on the photosynthesizing world. Hence in sects most generally come to human notice by plants to the ecology and evolution of these competing with us, by eating our crops. Thus links. In each section the generality of the pattern is revealed, but none of the intricate insect-plant relationships are fundamental to agricultural science and much research in this variation is hidden. area sought, quite simply, to reduce pest The composition of plants is superficially so damage. However, in the last half century similar, but in fact there is endless variation. many biologists have recognized that this Both features have contributed to the patterns subject also provides excellent model systems we see in the physiology and ecology of this for investigating fundamental aspects of relationship.
Insects On Plants
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Author : Donald R. Strong
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1984
Insects On Plants written by Donald R. Strong and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1984 with Nature categories.
This volume provides a state-of-the-art review of current research in community ecology. The reorientation away from competition toward coevolution as a driving force in the evolution of the structure of communities shows an ecological approach to the subject
Interrelationship Between Insects And Plants
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Author : Pierre Jolivet
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1998-05-27
Interrelationship Between Insects And Plants written by Pierre Jolivet and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-05-27 with Science categories.
One of the world's most insightful writers on the subject brings together an array of important and readable information on the ways in which insects and plants coexist in nature. Interrelationship Between Insects and Plants is a rare and expansive look at the intertwining of these two vastly different species. Its aim is to summarize in a simple and understandable way the basis of food selection among insects, and to review the various sides of their relationships with plants.
Novel Aspects Of Insect Plant Interactions
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Author : Pedro Barbosa
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 1988-10-07
Novel Aspects Of Insect Plant Interactions written by Pedro Barbosa and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1988-10-07 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Presents the first efforts to explore ecological interactions between insects and plants across several trophic levels, with special focus on mediation of complex interactions by plant allelochemicals. First section looks at effects of plant allelochemicals on predator-prey and host-parasitoid interactions. Second section reveals the role of microorganisms as mediators of interactions between insects and plants. Third section unifies and extends current theory to examine the effects of allelochemicals on the second and third trophic levels. Final section traces the physiological effects of plant allelochemicals in animal behavior, population regulation, maintenance of mimicry systems, and evolution of host range.