Life On A Leaf Causes And Consequences Of Oviposition Site Choice In Manduca Sexta
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Life On A Leaf Causes And Consequences Of Oviposition Site Choice In Manduca Sexta
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Life On A Leaf Causes And Consequences Of Oviposition Site Choice In Manduca Sexta written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.
Phytophagous insects and plants comprise one half of all macroscopic organisms on Earth, and understanding plant-insect interactions has been a long-standing focus in ecological and evolutionary biology. A key challenge has been determining the factors that affect how insects distribute among plants. While ditrophic and tritrophic interactions are well known and enormously important, the biophysical context in which these interactions occur is largely unexplored. This dissertation examines how a plant's physical environment affects insect performance on, and preference for, its leaves. An insect's primary physiological challenges are staying within an appropriate temperature range and retaining sufficient water. These problems are exacerbated during the egg stage. Eggs have comparatively enormous ratios of surface area to volume, and their temperature is determined largely by where they are laid. Because they are small, eggs are nearly always immersed within their plant's boundary layer, a thin layer of still air that resists heat and moisture transfer between the plant and its surroundings. Almost no work has documented the microclimate to which insects are exposed in a plant's boundary layer, which likely differs substantially both from the ambient macroclimate, and from leaf to leaf. Because a female controls the location in which her eggs must develop, her choice of oviposition site may profoundly influence the success of her offspring. In this dissertation I examine how site-specific environmental variables, including microclimate, predation, and leaf nutrition, drive female oviposition preference and offspring performance in the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta L. (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae). I measure how leaves of M. sexta's primary host plants in the southwestern USA modify the temperature and humidity experienced by eggs, and how these leaf microclimates affect the performance of eggs and larvae. I then test whether this species' oviposition-site choices correlate with offspring performance with regard to microclimate, predation risk, and leaf nutrition. This dissertation is unique in focusing on the relatively unstudied biophysical context in which plant-insect interactions occur. Additionally, it is the first work that compares, together in a single study, the effects of varying multiple factors related to oviposition-site choice across all life history stages in a single model system.
Specialization Speciation And Radiation
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Author : Kelley Jean Tilmon
language : en
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Release Date : 2008
Specialization Speciation And Radiation written by Kelley Jean Tilmon and has been published by Univ of California Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Science categories.
"This volume captures the state-of-the-art in the study of insect-plant interactions, and marks the transformation of the field into evolutionary biology. The contributors present integrative reviews of uniformly high quality that will inform and inspire generations of academic and applied biologists. Their presentation together provides an invaluable synthesis of perspectives that is rare in any discipline."--Brian D. Farrell, Professor of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University "Tilmon has assembled a truly wonderful and rich volume, with contributions from the lion's share of fine minds in evolution and ecology of herbivorous insects. The topics comprise a fascinating and deep coverage of what has been discovered in the prolific recent decades of research with insects on plants. Fascinating chapters provide deep analyses of some of the most interesting research on these interactions. From insect plant chemistry, behavior, and host shifting to phylogenetics, co-evolution, life-history evolution, and invasive plant-insect interaction, one is hard pressed to name a substantial topic not included. This volume will launch a hundred graduate seminars and find itself on the shelf of everyone who is anyone working in this rich landscape of disciplines."--Donald R. Strong, Professor of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis "Seldom have so many excellent authors been brought together to write so many good chapters on so many important topics in organismic evolutionary biology. Tom Wood, always unassuming and inspired by living nature, would have been amazed and pleased by this tribute."--Mary Jane West-Eberhard, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Design Operation And Control Of Insect Rearing Systems
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Author : Allen Carson Cohen
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2021-06-28
Design Operation And Control Of Insect Rearing Systems written by Allen Carson Cohen and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-28 with Science categories.
Design, Operation, and Control of Insect-Rearing Systems: Science, Technology, and Infrastructure explains the fundamental components of insect rearing: 1) the rearing systems, per se 2) personnel 3) education of rearing personnel 4) communication of procedures 5) an in-depth look at silkworm rearing 5) facilities where rearing is conducted, and 6) funding for all these components. Insect rearing serves a wide array of purposes, including research, pest control by sterile insect technique and biological control, production of insects as food for other animals, conservation, education, and even far-reaching technology where insects are used to produce products such as pharmaceutical materials and strong, multipurpose textiles. This book surveys and analyzes insect rearing from a scientific and technology-based approach. At its foundation, this approach assumes that rearing systems are complex interactions of components that can be understood and controlled by using a mechanistic approach. Author Allen Carson Cohen explains the infrastructure of rearing systems, their current status and character, and what kind of changes can be made to improve the field of insect rearing. Two Appendices republish out-of-print monographs that provide fascinating historical context to the development of the insect-rearing systems we have today.
Co Evolution Of Secondary Metabolites
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Author : Jean-Michel Mérillon
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2020-02-23
Co Evolution Of Secondary Metabolites written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-02-23 with Science categories.
This Reference Work is devoted to plant secondary metabolites and their evolutionary adaptation to different hosts and pests. Secondary metabolites play an important biological role in plants’ defence against herbivores, abiotic stresses and pathogens, and they also attract beneficial organisms such as pollinators. In this work, readers will find a comprehensive review of the phytochemical diversity, modification and adaptation of secondary metabolites, and the consequences of their co-evolution with plant parasites, pollinators, and herbivores. Chapters from expert contributors are organised into twelve sections that collate the current knowledge in intra-/inter-specific diversity in plant secondary metabolites, changes in secondary metabolites during plants’ adaptation to different environmental conditions, and co-evolution of host-parasite metabolites. Among the twelve themed parts, readers will also discover expert analysis on the genetics and chemical ecology evolution of secondary metabolites, and particular attention is also given to allelochemicals, bioactive molecules in plant defence and the evolution of sensory perception in vertebrates. This reference work will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in the field of plant pathology, plant breeding, biotechnology, agriculture and phytochemistry.
Zoological Record
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Zoological Record written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Classification categories.
Chemoecology Of Insect Eggs And Egg Deposition
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Author : Monika Hilker
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-04-15
Chemoecology Of Insect Eggs And Egg Deposition written by Monika Hilker and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-04-15 with Science categories.
This is the first book focusing on the chemoecology of insect eggs and egg deposition. It covers a wide range of different issues including herbivorous and carnivorous insects, social insects and those of medical and veterinary importance. The knowledge compiled in this book may promote future studies on evolutionary aspects on insect reproductive behaviour as well as on controlling insect pests by targeting the egg stage.
Biotic Stress And Yield Loss
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Author : Robert K.D. Peterson
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2000-12-28
Biotic Stress And Yield Loss written by Robert K.D. Peterson and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-12-28 with Science categories.
Understanding biotic stress and plant yield allows for the practical development of economic decision making, an instrumental part of Integrated Pest Management. And further, the impact of biotic injury on plant yield bears directly on the basic biological questions of population dynamics, life history strategies, community structure, plant-stresso
Bibliography Of Agriculture
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Bibliography Of Agriculture written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with Agriculture categories.
Herbivorous Insects
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Author : Sami Ahmad
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Herbivorous Insects written by Sami Ahmad and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Herbivorous Insects: Host-Seeking Behavior and Mechanisms addresses mechanisms of searching behavior leading ultimately to host location of herbivorous insects. It is divided into four sections, wherein the first two sections deal with neurophysiology and the diversity of behavioral induction cues. The third section covers the searching mechanisms as affected by insects' breadth of diet. The last part examines the evolutionary analysis of the behavioral and physiological adaptations in insect/host plant relations. This book starts with an introduction to the chemical sensory system as it relates to host selection in general. This is followed by considerable discussions on host-seeking behavior and allied patterns in behavior. This text also includes the study of oviposition behavior in butterflies belonging to Papilionidae. The third section presents host selection and colonization by three insects within the saprophage-predator continuum, namely, Hylurgopinus rufipes, Scolytus multistriatus, and Pissodes strobi. The behaviors by which certain oligophagous insects locate and select food plants are also considered. The concluding part addresses the unifying theme and the diversity of responses of phytophagous insects to plants. The book provides direction toward developing a unifying theme and improving the ability to unravel the complexities of insect/plant interactions. Behaviorists, ecologists, entomologists, evolutionary biologists, and physiologists will find this book invaluable.
Behavioural Biology Abstracts
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1990
Behavioural Biology Abstracts written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990 with Animal behavior categories.