Instincts And Mechanism Of Behaviour
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Instincts And Mechanism Of Behaviour
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Author : Andreas Sofroniou
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date : 2017-05
Instincts And Mechanism Of Behaviour written by Andreas Sofroniou and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05 with Education categories.
An instinct is the mechanism by which animals and humans can perform complex behaviour patterns without learning or conscious effort. Instinctive behaviours are inherited and have evolved to be adaptive, fitting the organism to its particular role. Instinct is of particular importance in animal behaviours such as courtship, mating, and other reproductive activities. More general behaviours such as feeding and defence may have an instinctive base. Many birds, some grasshoppers, frogs, and a number of other animals have song or call patterns that attract mates and are based upon instinct. Instinctive behaviours often require a stimulus or releaser to initiate them. The herring-gull chick pecks the red spot on the adult's bill, releasing its instinctive feeding behaviour. A releaser will operate only if conditions, both internal and external to the organism, are suitable.
Instinct Environment And Behaviour Psychology Revivals
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Author : Stephen Lea
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-03-27
Instinct Environment And Behaviour Psychology Revivals written by Stephen Lea and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-03-27 with Psychology categories.
What can the evolution of animal behaviour tell us about human behaviour? More specifically, how good an account of animal behaviour can we give in terms of evolution, and how do humans fit in with or deviate from the pattern established for other animals? The biological approach to the study of animal behaviour has important implications for psychology, but it is distinctly different. Originally published in 1984, this book provides a basic introduction to biological theories about behaviour, from the classic ethological tradition of Lorenz and Tinbergen to the later sociobiological approach. The principles of experimentation and research involved are assessed critically, especially with regard to their implications for the study of human behaviour. Written specifically for those with little biological knowledge, this book will still be of interest to students of biology and introductory psychology alike.
Aspects And Prospects Of The Concept Of Instinct
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Author : Adriaan Kortlandt
language : en
Publisher: Brill Archive
Release Date : 1955
Aspects And Prospects Of The Concept Of Instinct written by Adriaan Kortlandt and has been published by Brill Archive this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1955 with Animal behavior categories.
The Behavior Of Animals
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Author : Johan J. Bolhuis
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2021-12-29
The Behavior Of Animals written by Johan J. Bolhuis and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-29 with Science categories.
The Behavior of Animals An updated view of animal behavior studies, featuring global experts The Behavior of Animals, Second Edition provides a broad overview of the current state of animal behavior studies with contributions from international experts. This edition includes new chapters on hormones and behavior, individuality, and human evolution. All chapters have been thoroughly revised and updated, and are supported by color illustrations, informative callouts, and accessible presentation of technical information. Provides an introduction to the study of animal behavior Looks at an extensive scope of topics- from perception, motivation and emotion, biological rhythms, and animal learning to animal cognition, communication, mate choice, and individuality. Explores the evolution of animal behavior including a critical evaluation of the assumption that human beings can be studied as if they were any other animal species. Students will benefit from an updated textbook in which a variety of contributors provide their expertise and global perspective in specialized areas
The Study Of Behavior
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Author : Jerry A. Hogan
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2017-11-02
The Study Of Behavior written by Jerry A. Hogan and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-11-02 with Psychology categories.
This book provides a unique framework for understanding diverse issues across behavior studies, facilitating collaboration between sub-disciplines.
The Study Of Instinct
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Author : Nikolaas Tinbergen
language : en
Publisher: Pygmalion Press, an imprint of Plunkett Lake Press
Release Date : 2020-12-24
The Study Of Instinct written by Nikolaas Tinbergen and has been published by Pygmalion Press, an imprint of Plunkett Lake Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-24 with Science categories.
First published in 1951, The Study of Instinct is widely considered the foundational text of ethology, the study of natural behavior. Written to introduce the largely German literature of the early ethologists to an English-speaking audience, Tinbergen first describes the objectives, scope, and limitations of ethology, then goes on to describe the influence of external stimuli and internal factors on behavior, proposes his famous hierarchical-motivational model for the control of behavior, and ends with accounts of the development, adaptiveness, and evolution of behavior, including human behavior. The volume remains a classic and is often cited in the opening sentence of modern papers on behavior. “... all in all, I think most students will learn more from the seemingly timeless Study of Instinct than from this or any other retrospective.” – Gould 1992, Science “A few parts of the book still strike one as modern. The opening chapter, in which Tinbergen formulates his famous ‘four questions’ about animal behaviour (questions about mechanism, development, adaptiveness and evolution), and discusses the extent to which they are logically separate yet practically interrelated, should be read by every student taking a course in ethology. The section entitled ‘Learning Processes’ is a small masterpiece, prefiguring the ‘constraints on learning’ debate by 20 years and describing Tinbergen’s own classic work on learning in herring gulls and digger wasps... The Study of Instinct still has important general messages for anyone studying ethology; it will always be a significant book for historians of science; and it gives a first-hand account of some of the most important research that has been done on animal behaviour.” – Roper 1989, Trends in Ecology & Evolution “Tinbergen’s book is a positive requirement for all students of behavior. It is most refreshing and stimulating account of some of the important contributions European scholars have been making to the study of instincts, a field of behavior sorely neglected in American psychology today... There is no question but that Tinbergen’s book is an important contribution to the study of behavior.” – Steller 1976, The Quarterly Review of Biology “A well-reasoned and thoroughly readable book which points up the complexity of even the simplest unlearned behavior.” – Thomson 1952, Scientific American “Dr Tinbergen’s book is an admirably clear, authoritative and factual account of recent work on animal instinct which can be strongly recommended to students of biology, both elementary and advanced, as giving a first hand account of the main trends of modern field research into animal behaviour.” – Thorpe 1954, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science “American psychology has concentrated more and more during this century on the behavior of mammals, and even among mammals has restricted itself mostly to primates (man, chimpanzee, macaque) and a cheap primate substitute, the rat (which is not studied for its rattiness, so to speak, but as a bearer of anxiety and a maker of cognitive maps)... The importance of Tinbergen’s book is that it presents systematically a large amount of significant work by the European school of biologists, making it accessible to the English-speaking reader. The dominance of learning theory in America, established by Thorndike, Holt, and Watson, makes us persistently forget the constitutional factor in behavior (that is, instinct), and this book may help bring it to the graduate student’s attention even if his instructors are by now too set in their ways to give it the attention it deserves... The style is somewhat academic, but the book is full of fascinating, and solidly authenticated, observations of animal behavior. It should be read by everyone, psychologist or zoologist, who is interested in mechanisms of response.” – Hebb 1952, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology “[This volume] summarizes much ingenious experimental work and present a point of view that is bound to have an influence on later behavior studies.” – Carmichael 1952, Science “[This] is an important book and one that should be read by all students of animal behavior... The ingenious experiments and theoretical discussions will afford many hours of stimulating reading.” – Aronson 1953, Copeia “... a scholarly and well-documented review of the general field [of ethology]... This books performs a beautiful job of pulling together diverse and diverging observations, experiments and concepts, suggesting theories that will surely lead to much new and fruitful work.” – Bates 1953, American Anthropologist “Tinbergen’s fine book is an important synthesis and a valuable introduction to this actively moving field.” – Greenberg 1952, Physiological Zoology “The final impression one gets from Tinbergen’s book is that of the immense richness and incredible variety of behavioral phenomena which are there for the studying if we break out of our rat-monkey-man triangle.” – O’Kelly 1952, Psychological Bulletin “It is a pleasure to describe and discuss Tinbergen’s work. Well written, with elegant development of ideas and arguments, courageous in challenging faulty views and procedures, calm and confident in style, yet stimulating, the book should be read by anyone interested in the behavior of birds.” – Pitelka 1953, The Condor
The Evolutionary Mechanism Of Human Dysfunctional Behavior
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Author : Ivan Fuchs
language : en
Publisher: Radius Book Group
Release Date : 2019-04-18
The Evolutionary Mechanism Of Human Dysfunctional Behavior written by Ivan Fuchs and has been published by Radius Book Group this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-04-18 with Medical categories.
Why is humanity by far the most successful animal in the animal kingdom, but when it comes to survival of the fittest, we pull against the impulse toward natural selection? Unique among vertebrates, humans develop and practice varied forms of dysfunctional or maladaptive behavior, the graver of which are categorized as mental disorders, which doesn’t sustain our species. Dr. Ivan Fuchs explains why this is the case, setting his discussion within the fields of psychiatry, evolutionary biology, and genetics, marshalling a wide-range research to make a compelling case. In this work, Dr. Ivan Fuchs provides his theory on human dysfunctional behavior rooted in Darwinian evolutionary thinking. His theory includes: 1. An attempt to identify the basic evolutionary mechanism that leads to dysfunctional or maladaptive behavior that is increasing in human populations. He proposes that this mechanism consists of progressive relaxation of selection pressures originating in the natural environment as a result of the technological and cultural development in human civilization. These developments protect against many natural inconveniences and dangers such as harmful weather conditions; scarce or unreliable food supplies; cruel, even deadly competition for life-sustaining or reproductive resources; danger of predation, and so on. The relaxation of natural selection pressures leads to excessive diversification of innate predispositions that, due to the complexities of social coexistence, has both far-reaching beneficial, as well as harmful, consequences. 2. Dr. Fuchs deals primarily with severe forms of dysfunctional behavior (categorized as mental disorders), pinpointing those genetically based behavioral complexes which predispose humans to anxiety, affective and personality disorders, paranoia, and schizophrenia. 3. Dr. Fuchs also makes clear that the above innate predispositions cannot lead by themselves to the whole clinical picture of diagnosable mental disorder categories. In order for full-blown clinical symptomatology to develop, the innate predisposition has to interact with influences after childbirth, first of all, learning. Consequently, psychiatric understanding and research has to distinguish sharply between those mental (brain) structures and functions which constitute the innate predisposition to a certain mental disorder versus those ones involved secondarily during the lifespan. This consideration is detailed in the case of schizophrenia spectrum of disorders. The above theoretical considerations have important therapeutic, preventive and research implications.
Patterns Of Behavior
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Author : Richard W. Burkhardt
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2005-03-15
Patterns Of Behavior written by Richard W. Burkhardt and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-03-15 with Science categories.
Publisher Description
A Textbook Of Animal Behaviour
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Author : Hoshang S. Gundevia | Hare Govind Singh
language : en
Publisher: S. Chand Publishing
Release Date : 2009
A Textbook Of Animal Behaviour written by Hoshang S. Gundevia | Hare Govind Singh and has been published by S. Chand Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Science categories.
This textbook is an introduction to the Science of Animal Behaviour Presently this subject is introduced in most of the Indian Universities in B.Sc. IIIrd year and Post-graduate classes.
General Psychology
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Author : S K Mangal
language : en
Publisher: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd
Release Date : 2013-08-01
General Psychology written by S K Mangal and has been published by Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-01 with Psychology categories.
This book provides valuable insight into the nature and the background of the subject of Psychology. Designed basically as a textbook for general psychology courses of Indian universities, it will also prove useful to those working in the disciplines of sociology, education, social work and social sciences. The subject matter in the text has been presented in such a way that t can be easily grasped by a beginner and appreciated by an advanced reader.