Instruments And Experimentation In The History Of Chemistry
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Instruments And Experimentation In The History Of Chemistry
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Author : Frederic Lawrence Holmes
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2000
Instruments And Experimentation In The History Of Chemistry written by Frederic Lawrence Holmes and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with History categories.
This volume moves chemical instruments and experiments into the foreground of historical concern, in line with the emphasis on practice that characterizes current work on other fields of science and engineering.
Inspiring Air A History Of Air Related Science
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Author : Pere Grapí
language : en
Publisher: Vernon Press
Release Date : 2019-07-15
Inspiring Air A History Of Air Related Science written by Pere Grapí and has been published by Vernon Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-07-15 with Science categories.
Eudiometers were instruments originally devised for checking the ‘goodness’ of common air. Seeking to be more than just a chronological inventory of eudiometers, this book presents a unique retrospective of these fascinating apparatuses from the end of the eighteenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. By paying particular attention to the experimental procedures involved over the course of the test, this book aims to understand and explore how eudiometers function, to describe the materials used in making them and the different reagents employed in each eudiometrical test. Importantly, eudiometers were employed within a variety of spheres including human and animal health, gas analysis, chemical theory, plant and animal physiology, atmospheric composition, chemical compound composition, gas lighting, chemical revolution and experimental demonstration. Finally, this book looks to redress the existing imbalance in the history of chemistry regarding the attention given to theoretical aspects of chemistry in comparison to chemical practice and apparatus. The few existing accounts of chemical devices written in the past century have not been sufficiently helpful for the understanding of experimental practice in chemistry. Until now no work that deals exclusively with eudiometers and gas analysis from a historical standpoint has been published. Thus, this book will not only cast new light on the subject, but will also contribute to further research on the history of chemical instruments.
Experiments Models Paper Tools
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Author : Ursula Klein
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 2003
Experiments Models Paper Tools written by Ursula Klein and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
In the early nineteenth century, chemistry emerged in Europe as a truly experimental discipline. What set this process in motion, and how did it evolve? Experimentalization in chemistry was driven by a seemingly innocuous tool: the sign system of chemical formulas invented by the Swedish chemist Jacob Berzelius. By tracing the history of this “paper tool,” the author reveals how chemistry quickly lost its orientation to natural history and became a major productive force in industrial society. These formulas were not merely a convenient shorthand, but productive tools for creating order amid the chaos of early nineteenth-century organic chemistry. With these formulas, chemists could create a multifaceted world on paper, which they then correlated with experiments and the traces produced in test tubes and flasks. The author’s semiotic approach to the formulas allows her to show in detail how their particular semantic and representational qualities made them especially useful as paper tools for productive application.
The Arsenal Of Eighteenth Century Chemistry
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Author : Marco Beretta
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2022-06-08
The Arsenal Of Eighteenth Century Chemistry written by Marco Beretta and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-08 with Science categories.
The substantial collection of Antoine Laurent Lavoisier’s apparatus is not the only surviving collection of eighteenth-century chemical apparatus and instrumentation, but it is without question the most important. The present study provides the first scientific catalogue of Lavoisier’s surviving apparatus. This collection of instruments is remarkable not only for the quality of many of them but, above all, for the number of items that have survived (ca. 600 items). Given such a wealth and variety of instruments, this study also offers the first comprehensive attempt to reconstruct the cultural and social context of Lavoisier’s experimental activities.
Affinity That Elusive Dream
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Author : Mi Gyung Kim
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2008-01-25
Affinity That Elusive Dream written by Mi Gyung Kim and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-25 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In the eighteenth century, chemistry was transformed from an art to a public science. Chemical affinity played an important role in this process as a metaphor, a theory domain, and a subject of investigation. Goethe's Elective Affinities, which was based on the current understanding of chemical affinities, attests to chemistry's presence in the public imagination. In Affinity, That Elusive Dream, Mi Gyung Kim restores chemical affinity to its proper place in historiography and in Enlightenment public culture. The Chemical Revolution is usually associated with Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, who introduced a modern nomenclature and a definitive text. Kim argues that chemical affinity was erased from historical memory by Lavoisier's omission of it from his textbook. She examines the work of many less famous French chemists (including physicians, apothecaries, metallurgists, philosophical chemists, and industrial chemists) to explore the institutional context of chemical instruction and research, the social stratification that shaped theoretical discourse, and the crucial shifts in analytic methods. Apothecaries and metallurgists, she shows, shaped the main theory domains through their innovative approach to analysis. Academicians and philosophical chemists brought about two transformative theoretical moments through their efforts to create a rational discourse of chemistry in tune with the reigning natural philosophy. The topics discussed include the corpuscular (Cartesian) model in French chemistry in the early 1700s, the stabilization of the theory domains of composition and affinity, the reconstruction of French theoretical discourse in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Newtonian languages that plagued the domain of affinity just before the Chemical Revolution, Guyton de Morveau's program of affinity chemistry, Lavoisier's reconstruction of the theory domains of chemistry, and Berthollet's path as an affinity chemist.
James Watt Chemist
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Author : David Philip Miller
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-07-22
James Watt Chemist written by David Philip Miller and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-22 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Miller examines Watt's illustrious engineering career in light of his parallel interest in chemistry, arguing that Watt's conception of steam engineering relied upon chemical understandings.
The World In A Crucible
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Author : Sally Newcomb
language : en
Publisher: Geological Society of America
Release Date : 2009-01-01
The World In A Crucible written by Sally Newcomb and has been published by Geological Society of America this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-01-01 with Science categories.
Geology coalesced as a discipline in the early part of the nineteenth century, with the coming together of many strands of investigation and thought. The theme of experimentation and/or instrument-aided observation is absent from most recent accounts of that time, which rely on an admixture of theory and field observations, informed by close examination of minerals. James Hutton emerged as the person who had it right with suggestion of a central heat source for Earth, while Abraham Gottlob Werner and his Neptunist supporters were derided as being blinded by overarching belief, as opposed to sober application of observed facts. However, despite several claims that Hutton had won the day, primary literature from both England and the Continent reveals that the question was by no means settled for decades after Hutton derided information derived from "looking into a little crucible." This Special Paper makes the case that it was just those parameters of heat, pressure, solution, and composition discovered in the laboratory that prevented resolution of the overriding questions about rock origin.
Experimentation In The Sciences
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Author : Catherine Allamel-Raffin
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-04-29
Experimentation In The Sciences written by Catherine Allamel-Raffin and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-04-29 with Science categories.
This book takes a novel approach by highlighting comparative and long-term historical perspectives on experimental practice. The juxtaposition of accounts of natural, social, and medical experimentation is very enlightening, especially because the authors put the emphasis on the different kinds of objects of experimentation (physical matter, chemical reagents, social groups, organizations, sick individuals, archeological remains) and demonstrate how much the kinds of objects matter for the practice of experimentation, its methods, tools, and methodologies. Taken together, the chapters raise several fascinating questions for further study: What do these different approaches have in common? Why do we call them “experimentation”? What are the intersections among the fields and their developments? The volume engages philosophical approaches that are not well known to Anglophone readers (Bachelard, Bergson, Bernard, Canguilhem, among others) and brings to attention a wealth of Francophone secondary literature on past and present scientific experimentation. The collection fills a yawning gap in science, science studies, and philosophy of science teaching, making it particularly valuable philosophers and historians of science in all subfields.
The Historiography Of The Chemical Revolution
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Author : John G McEvoy
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2015-10-06
The Historiography Of The Chemical Revolution written by John G McEvoy and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-10-06 with History categories.
This study offers a critical survey of past and present interpretations of the Chemical Revolution designed to lend clarity and direction to the current ferment of views.
Philosophical Chemistry
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Author : Manuel DeLanda
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2015-05-21
Philosophical Chemistry written by Manuel DeLanda and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-21 with Science categories.
Philosophical Chemistry furthers Manuel DeLanda's revolutionary intervention in the philosophy of science and science studies. Against a monadic and totalizing understanding of science, DeLanda's historicizing investigation traces the centrality of divergence, specialization and hybridization through the fields and subfields of chemistry. The strategy followed uses a series of chemical textbooks, separated from each other by fifty year periods (1750, 1800, 1850, and 1900), to follow the historical formation of consensus practices. The three chapters deal with one subfield of chemistry in the century in which it was developed: eighteenth-century inorganic chemistry, nineteenth-century organic chemistry, and nineteenth-century physical chemistry. This book creates a model of a scientific field capable of accommodating the variation and differentiation evident in the history of scientific practice. DeLanda proposes a model that is made of three components: a domain of phenomena, a community of practitioners, and a set of instruments and techniques connecting the community to the domain. Philosophical Chemistry will be essential reading for those engaged in emergent, radical and contemporary strands of thought in the philosophy of science and for those scholars and students who strive to practice a productive dialogue between the two disciplines.